针刺百会、抢风穴对牛主要生理指标影响的初探

作者用奶牛7头、黄牛6头进行试验。经过104次体温、呼吸、脉搏及血常规检验得出以下结论:针刺后白细胞总数均有升高,其中主要是中性白细胞升高;白细胞分类计数出现了淋巴细胞的降低,这与中性白细胞的升高是相吻合的;呼吸、脉搏均无显著变化,但对体温的影响较显著,尤其是白针的影响最显著。针刺健康动物对其红细胞、血红蛋白的影响不显著,但对贫血动物的影响较显著。试验结果表明:无论用电针或白针针刺上述两     

奶牛子宫内膜炎的临床症状与防治

1临床症状奶牛发生子宫内膜炎时,由阴道内流出混浊或脓性分泌物。较重者混有红色或灰白色的组织块,恶臭。体温升高,呼吸、脉搏加快,食欲废绝,泌乳减少或停止。直肠触诊子宫肥厚,发硬,子宫收缩无力。1.1急性子宫内膜炎多发生在产后或流产后,如不及时治疗,炎症往往扩散,引起子宫肌炎和子宫浆膜炎。体温升高,食     

硫酸头孢喹肟子宫注入剂对泌乳期奶牛的安全性研究

为研究硫酸头孢喹肟子宫注入剂对泌乳期奶牛的安全性,试验选用24头泌乳期的健康中国荷斯坦奶牛,随机分为4组(每组6头),其中3个受试药物组(Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组)分别给奶牛子宫内注入不同剂量的硫酸头孢喹肟子宫注入剂,1个空白对照组(Ⅳ组),给奶牛子宫内注入一定剂量的灭菌生理盐水。给药2次,间隔72h。在给药第0天、末次给药日及停药第7天,观察记录试验奶牛的各项指标,包括体温(直肠温度)、脉搏、呼吸频率、血液生理和生化指标、精神状态等临床表现及日产奶量和乳汁体细胞数(SCC)等,并对其进行考查。结果表明,泌乳期奶牛按推荐方法使用受试药物硫酸头孢喹肟子宫注入剂较安全,临床可用于治疗泌乳期奶牛的子宫内膜炎。     

丹连花子宫灌注液治疗奶牛子宫内膜炎的实验性临床试验

为考察不同剂量的丹连花子宫灌注液对奶牛子宫内膜炎的临床治疗效果,选择患子宫内膜炎的患病奶牛50头,随机分为5组,每组10头,分别为丹连花子宫灌注液高、中、低剂量组,以及药物对照组和疾病对照组;另选健康奶牛10头作为健康对照。结果表明,丹连花子宫灌注液不同剂量组治疗后患病奶牛的临床症状明显改善,其中高、中剂量组奶牛子宫复旧完全,子宫颈黏液清亮,白细胞数明显减少,pH6.5~7.0,尿兰母检查阴性,治愈率60%,有效率90%,显著高于药物对照组(P<0.05),且血液白细胞数显著减少,其中中性粒细胞数极显著低于疾病对照组(P<0.01);不同剂量组血液生化指标无异常变化。表明丹连花子宫灌注液对奶牛子宫内膜炎有显著治疗效果,且使用安全,推荐临床使用剂量为100mL/次,子宫灌注给药,隔天1次,连用3次。     

奶牛子宫脱整复手术

奶牛子宫脱是奶牛产后多发性常见病。在手术整复时．通常用手直接将脱出的子宫用力送人腹腔。这种传统操作方法的缺点是没有解决奶牛频频努责和子宫脆弱滑腻等问题，从而造成手术难度增加、时间延长，同时还易出现子宫壁受损或子宫再次脱出等等。针对于此，笔者对该手术疗法进行了一点改进，即术前采用尾椎硬膜外麻醉，术中采用毛巾兜住子宫还纳腹腔的方法，临床实践表明，手术中奶牛无努责，无损伤．整复时间明显缩短，且术后无再次脱出现象。现将具体方法介绍如下．敬请广大同仁指导。     

母兔腹腔镜辅助微创卵巢子宫切除术

母兔卵巢子宫摘除术为异宠临床诊疗中常见的手术之一,本手术为使用腹腔镜辅助,配合电凝刀进行母兔卵巢子宫摘除微创手术。手术麻醉采用右美托咪定诱导麻醉,气管插管后给予异氟烷混合纯氧吸入麻醉进行维持麻醉。利用气腹仪充入CO2提供腹腔内可进行手术的操作空间,使用腹腔镜配合电凝刀在动物腹腔内电凝及切断双侧卵巢血管及韧带,并牵引卵巢子宫至体外结扎子宫颈。手术平均用时30 min,术后平均5 min恢复自主意识,手术创口为三个大约5 mm的切口,术后预后良好。     

双孔腹腔镜猫卵巢子宫切除术对炎性反应的影响

为了研究双孔腹腔镜猫卵巢子宫切除术对炎性反应的影响,并和开腹卵巢子宫切除术进行对比,为腹腔镜手术的发展提供科学理论依据。方法:术后测定白细胞(WBC)和白细胞介素-6(IL-6)的水平。结果:显示腹腔镜手术组(LOVH)的WBC和IL-6在各时间点均低于开腹手术组(OVH)。结论:双孔腹腔镜猫卵巢子宫切除手术引起的机体炎性反应程度比开腹手术轻,有利于手术后机体的更快恢复。     

B超监测产后奶牛子宫恢复和卵巢变化情况的研究

作者旨在通过B超技术探讨产后奶牛子宫的恢复情况和卵巢的变化情况,研究奶牛繁殖性能的变化规律,为更好地指导奶牛产后配种、繁育等工作提供试验依据。根据试验方案选择8头中国荷斯坦产后奶牛（其中4头初产、4头经产）,从产后第1天开始到下次发情配种,持续利用B超观察其子宫的恢复情况和卵巢的变化情况。结果表明,子宫颈和子宫壁恢复正常的平均时间初产奶牛分别大约为25和32 d,经产奶牛均为27 d;经产和初产奶牛卵泡的发育都经历了6个卵泡波,前3个卵泡波为1个发情周期,后3个卵泡波为1个发情周期。因子宫未恢复完全,故要到第2个发情周期末（即要到第6个卵泡波）配种;初产和经产奶牛产后发情配种的平均时间分别大约为90和53 d。由此可看出初产奶牛的子宫颈恢复正常的平均时间要比经产奶牛早2 d,而子宫壁恢复正常的平均时间要比经产奶牛晚5 d;初产奶牛发情配种的平均时间要比经产奶牛晚37 d。     

奶牛子宫积脓的临床症状及治疗方法

奶牛的子宫积脓,其主要原因是产犊进行人工助产,胎衣不下实行人工剥离,人工输精消毒不严密;或由于子宫内膜炎治疗不及时病情恶化所致,临床较少见。1临床症状病牛体温38.2℃,呼吸24次/分,脉搏65次/分,心脏及肺脏听诊正常。病牛营养欠佳,被毛粗乱,     

奶牛子宫内膜炎的治疗

奶牛不孕不仅影响奶牛繁殖率和产奶量 ,也直接影响奶牛业发展。奶牛不孕的病因很多 ,其中以子宫内膜炎最为多见。1　子宫内膜炎的病因1 1　难产　奶牛在生产时由于胎儿体形过大或胎位不正而出现难产 ,在助产过程中容易对子宫内膜造成伤害 ,继而产后患子宫内膜炎。1 2　胎衣不下　由于母牛妊娠期运动不足或者羊水过多、胎儿过大 ,也有临床时热应激反应造成胎衣不下。如果剥离时间过晚 (超过 12ｈ)造成胎衣腐败或者进行手术剥离胎衣时动作过大、过猛伤及子宫而引起子宫内膜炎。1 3　助产感染　助产时后躯或助产器械没有充分消毒致使子宫感染引…     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.