3株猪红斑丹毒丝菌湖南株的分离与鉴定

从湖南3个不同地区的临床疹块型猪病病例中,分离获得3株能在2 d内致死小白鼠,1~4 d内致死鸽的革兰氏阳性菌,生化鉴定和16S rDNA PCR测序鉴定结果显示3株分离菌均为猪红斑丹毒丝菌,药敏试验显示,3株猪红斑丹毒丝菌均对青霉素等耐药,对恩诺沙星等敏感。     

上海地区屠宰场猪红斑丹毒丝菌的分离鉴定

为了解上海地区猪红斑丹毒丝菌在健康猪群中的带菌状况,本试验选择上海地区标准化屠宰场的上市猪为研究对象,采集鼻拭子、肺脏、扁桃体和下颌淋巴结等样本,进行猪红斑丹毒丝菌的分离,采用VITEK 2 Compact系统和VITEK MS快速鉴定系统进行鉴定,并设计1对16S rRNA基因引物,对分离菌株进行PCR扩增,随机选取16株分离菌进行测序及16S rRNA同源性分析。结果显示,49.07%（105/214）的样本中分离到猪红斑丹毒丝菌,分离菌株同参考菌株及疫苗株之间16S rRNA同源性为99.6%~100.0%。本试验结果表明上海地区猪群中确实存在猪红斑丹毒丝菌的健康带菌状况。     

高致病性猪蓝耳病TJM-F92株弱毒疫苗对猪瘟、口蹄疫免疫抗体水平的影响

为探讨高致病性猪蓝耳病弱毒疫苗是否干扰猪瘟、口蹄疫疫苗的免疫效果,优化猪瘟、高致病性猪蓝耳病、口蹄疫免疫程序,科学指导动物疫病防控工作,笔者于2014年10月8日—11月12日在河南省正阳县某种猪场进行了高致病性猪蓝耳病TJM-F92株弱毒疫苗对猪瘟、口蹄疫免疫抗体水平的影响试验。结果表明:高致病性猪蓝耳病(TJM-F92株)弱毒疫苗对猪瘟兔化弱毒疫苗(ST传代细胞苗)、猪口蹄疫O型灭活疫苗(OZK/93株)免疫抗体水平无显著影响,三种疫苗单独或联合免疫效果都较确实。     

不同猪繁殖与呼吸综合征减毒活疫苗在猪体内的动态学及临床免疫效果比较

为了比较国内不同猪繁殖与呼吸综合征(porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome,PRRS)弱毒疫苗的安全性和有效性,本研究将17头PRRSV抗原和抗体双阴性的28日龄仔猪随机分为4组,TJM-F92株弱毒疫苗组,JXA1-R株弱毒疫苗组,经典株弱毒疫苗(VR2332来源)组和注射生理盐水对照组。免疫后7,14,21,28d分别采血,ELISA抗体检测试剂盒检测PRRSV抗体,结果从免疫后14d起PRRSV抗体开始转阳,但各试验组的抗体水平无明显差异。对免疫后14d所采血样进行病毒分离,TJM-F92株免疫组未分离到PRRSV疫苗毒,JXA1-R株免疫组2头猪分离到PRRSV疫苗毒,经典株免疫组只1头猪分离到PRRSV疫苗毒。免疫后28d,所有猪接种PRRSV强毒株TJ株进行攻毒试验,观察各组猪的体温、临床症状;攻毒后21d,所有猪安乐死,剖检观察肺部病理变化。结果显示,TJM-F92株和JXA1-R株免疫组均未出现临床发病猪,经典株免疫组2头猪出现临床发病,对照组全部临床发病,死亡1头。经典株免疫组临床发病猪出现典型PRRSV感染肺部病理变化,而TJM-F92株和JXA1-R株免疫组均未发现典型PRRSV感染肺部病理变化。本研究证实TJM-F92株和JXA1-R株对高致病性PRRSV的免疫效果优于经典株弱毒疫苗,TJM-F92疫苗株与JXA1-R疫苗株相比,疫苗毒在体内带毒时间更短,安全性更高。     

不同类型猪蓝耳病疫苗的免疫探讨

为科学评价不同猪蓝耳病疫苗免疫效果,选取19个规模猪场,分别使用蓝耳病国产弱毒疫苗、进口弱毒疫苗、普通灭活疫苗、猪高致病性蓝耳病疫苗进行免疫,免疫1月后,采集免疫猪群的血清与全血样品,进行PRRSV病原学和免疫抗体检测,结果显示:国产弱毒疫苗、进口弱毒疫苗、普通灭活疫苗、高致病性猪蓝耳病灭活疫苗、对照组抗体阳性率分别为86.40%、76.10%、36.70%、49.30%、31.17%。使用PRRS弱毒疫苗免疫组PRRSV变异株检出率较高,使用高致病性PRRS灭活疫苗免疫组PRRSV普通株检出率较高。此结果提示PRRS疫苗免疫后能产生一定的保护性抗体水平,但交叉免疫保护性较差。对于PRRS的防控,关键在于提高猪群PRRS抗体的水平与整齐度,同时加强饲养管理。     

红斑丹毒丝菌的某些变异性观察

红斑丹毒丝菌在人工培养或自然选择条件下均可发生变异,研究红斑丹毒丝菌的变异性,探讨其在不同环境条件下的变异规律,对菌株的定向培育或疾病的鉴别诊断都有重要意义。几年来,我们对分离自不同宿主和环境的153株红斑丹毒丝菌的某些变异性进行了观察,现将结果报告如下。材料和方法一、菌株:共153株,其中分离自屠宰猪扁桃体52株、屠宰猪关节液25株、淡水     

高致病性蓝耳(JiangXi-1R株)疫苗不同免疫模式对猪瘟疫苗首次免疫的影响

为了探明高致病性蓝耳(JiangXi-1R株)弱毒疫苗免疫是否对猪瘟弱毒疫苗首免产生干扰作用,同时优化猪场现行免疫程序,本试验选取94头仔猪,分为A、B、C、D四组,A组仅在30日龄以2头份/头免疫猪瘟疫苗;B组在30日龄同时免疫猪瘟(2头份/头)和猪蓝耳疫苗(0.5头份/头);C、D组分别在15日龄以0.5头份/头和0.3头份/头免疫猪蓝耳疫苗,30日龄以2头份/头免疫猪瘟疫苗。结果表明,同时免疫高致病性蓝耳(JiangXi-1R株)弱毒苗和猪瘟兔化弱毒疫苗以及两者间隔15d免疫与不进行蓝耳免疫相比,对猪瘟首免抗体的产生没有明显的干扰作用;间隔15d以0.3头份或0.5头份免疫高致病性蓝耳(JiangXi-1R株)弱毒苗,对猪瘟首免抗体水平也没有明显影响。     

哺乳仔猪免疫蓝耳病弱毒疫苗对猪瘟免疫抗体水平的影响

为探索哺乳仔猪免疫蓝耳病弱毒疫苗对猪瘟免疫抗体水平的影响,本试验通过对哺乳仔猪14日龄免疫猪蓝耳病弱毒疫苗,21日龄免疫猪瘟弱毒疫苗,50日龄（猪瘟免疫后30d）检测猪瘟抗体水平。结果：经典猪蓝耳病弱毒疫苗（CH-1R株）和高致病性猪蓝耳病疫苗（JXAl-R株）对猪瘟免疫抗体的产生均有抑制作用（分别为P〈0．05、P〈0．01）,且高致病性蓝耳病弱毒疫苗（JXA1-R株）对猪瘟免疫抗体产生的抑制作用显著高于经典蓝耳病弱毒疫苗（CH-1R株）。     

高致病性猪繁殖与呼吸综合征弱毒疫苗(TJM-F92株)安全性调查及有效性和干扰性试验

为了解我国高致病性猪繁殖与呼吸综合征弱毒疫苗(TJM-F92株)的安全性、有效性,以便进一步优化免疫程序,利用ELISA抗体检测与现场跟踪调查的方法,进行了弱毒疫苗(TJM-F92株)安全性调查及有效性和干扰性试验。结果显示:弱毒疫苗(TJM-F92株)对母猪的采食量、体温、返情率及死胎与木乃伊胎数量均无影响,免疫后各阶段猪群的免疫抗体均达到了合格水平;弱毒疫苗(TJM-F92株)与猪瘟疫苗(脾苗)同时免疫,两种疫病的抗体水平均表现正常,与分开免疫无明显差异。结果表明,弱毒疫苗(TJM-F92株)具有良好的安全性和有效性,普免不会使母猪出现不良反应,对各阶段猪群都有良好的保护性,同时可与猪瘟脾苗联合免疫。因此,猪场可以按程序对各阶段猪群开展弱毒疫苗(TJM-F92株)免疫,同时可以尝试与猪瘟疫苗同时免疫,以优化猪场免疫程序,节省人力,减少应激。     

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征商品化疫苗现状

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征(PRRS)包括经典PRRS和高致病性PRRS,是一种严重危害我国养猪业的猪病毒性传染病,疫苗免疫被认为是目前主要预防该病的有效方法。在目前国内现有的4类PRRS疫苗中,经典PRRS灭活苗和高致病性PRRS灭活苗虽然安全性较高,但免疫效果有限或不确实;经典PRRS弱毒苗对经典PRRS免疫效果较好,但对高致病性PRRS保护性较差;高致病性PRRS弱毒苗则免疫效果较好。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …