枝双腔吸虫的形态学鉴定及分子进化研究

双腔吸虫病为一种人兽共患性寄生虫疾病,据报道有3种双腔吸虫可以感染羊。为了解齐齐哈尔地区绵羊感染双腔吸虫的种类,本研究对齐齐哈尔地区绵羊胆管分离的吸虫根据虫体形态学初步鉴定为枝双腔吸虫;PCR扩增吸虫的r DNA ITS序列,测序后经NCBI数据库比对分析,结果显示本研究分离的吸虫与枝双腔吸虫同源性达到99.8%;基于ITS-2序列构建系统进化树,分析结果显示本研究分离的吸虫与不同宿主来源的枝双腔吸虫聚集在同一个分支,因此鉴定本研究分离的吸虫为枝双腔吸虫。本研究对齐齐哈尔地区绵羊感染双腔吸虫种类有了初步了解,并为双腔吸虫的流行病学调查和分子鉴别诊断提供科学的参考依据。     

徽县绵羊寄生虫病调查

对徽县不同区域40只绵羊寄生虫剖检和体表检查发现,徽县绵羊寄生虫有14种,体内12种,体外2种。隶属于线虫、吸虫、绦虫和蜘蛛昆虫4纲12科14属。双腔吸虫和捻转血茅线虫乏弱,有拉稀症状羊只全部感染,平均感染强度依次分别为1765.5和586.4,体外寄生虫硬蜱全部感染。营养健康状况良好羊只毛圆线虫平均感染强度为2005个,双腔吸虫平均感染强度为1327。绵羊感染寄生虫种类为7～12种,以感染9种的居多。     

青海省牛羊吸虫病感染情况调查

作者对1991—2005年期间对青海省牛羊吸虫感染染情况进行了调查统计。结果表明:15年间肝片吸虫发病羊111299只,发病率为11.03%,死亡4323只,致死率为3.88%;双腔吸虫病发病羊48630只,发病率4.30%,死亡6863只,致死率为14.11%。肝片吸虫病呈地方性流行,有明显的季节性,病畜和带虫动物是该病的感染源。双腔吸虫是我省优势虫种,全省各地牛、羊普遍感染,灌木草甸草场、沼泽草场双腔吸虫感染严重。吸虫病多发在成年牛羊,没有品种、性别差异。     

藏系羊双腔吸虫病的诊治

双腔吸虫是由双腔科双腔属的矛形双腔吸虫和中华双腔吸虫引起的疾病。虫体寄生于动物胆管和胆囊中,该病主要危害反刍动物,严重感染的羊有时甚至死亡,尤以绵羊为甚。     

绵羊肝片吸虫病流行病学调查及防治

采用尼龙筛淘洗法对青海省互助县农户散养的50只绵羊进行肝片吸虫感染情况调查。结果表明：绵羊肝片吸虫感染率为66%,感染强度为213（27-960）/g粪便。     

海晏县绵羊寄生虫调查

1990年10—11月,我们对海晏县境内的45只绵羊进行了寄生虫区系调查。按蠕虫学检查法,收集全部虫体。线虫逐条鉴定,吸虫、绦虫经卡红-苏木素双重染色后鉴定,心肌压片镜检。本次调查共发现绵羊感染寄生虫33种,其中线虫25种,吸虫3种,绦虫及绦虫蚴3种,昆虫1种,原虫1种(见表)。调查结果表明,该地绵羊感染寄生虫以     

绵羊矛形双腔吸虫与肝片吸虫混合感染的诊治

<正>矛形双腔吸虫属于双腔科双腔属(也有称之为歧腔科歧腔属),是寄生于牛羊等反刍动物肝脏胆管和胆囊内的一种小形吸虫。肝片吸虫属于片形科片形属,是我国分布最广,危害最严重的寄生虫之一。2012年5月26日,笔者在承德县六沟镇遇到1例矛形双腔吸虫与肝片吸虫混合感染病例,报告如下。1发病情况该养殖户从辽宁省葫芦岛市通过汽车运输引进成年绵羊60只,体重55⁶5 kg,采取放养的方式。购入10 d左右,绵羊陆续开始发病,表现腹泻、     

应用酶标抗体反应诊断绵羊双腔吸虫病

为了诊断绵羊双腔吸虫病一般都应用蠕虫卵镜检法。但是在寄生虫排卵期前和在感染强度低的慢性过程中就不可能采取粪便学的方法诊断绵羊双腔吸虫病。为此免疫学方法就具有重要的意义。利用双腔吸虫制备的全抗原进行绵羊的皮内试验特异性不高(1957)。按照氏方法和通过葡聚糖凝胶柱G—100(第3组分)分离的抗原进行皮内试验反应结果表明具有种的特异性,并在感染后一个月就能确定绵羊的双腔吸虫病     

六枝特区畜禽寄生虫名录

我们进行了六枝特区畜禽寄生虫区系调查，经鉴定寄生虫有88种，隶属于7纲、13目、29科、48属。现将名录及宿主报告如下：一、吸虫纲Trematoda（一）复殖目Digenea1．片形科Fasciolidae（1）片形属Fasciola肝片形吸虫F．hepatica黄牛、水牛、绵羊、山羊大片吸虫F．gigantica黄牛、水牛2．双腔科Dicrocoeliidae（2）阔盘属Eurytrema胰阔盘吸虫E．pancreaticum绵羊、山羊支睾阔盘吸虫E．cladorchis黄牛、绵羊、山羊腔阔盘吸虫E．coelomaticum绵羊3.同盘科Paramphistomatidae（3）同盘属Paramphistomum鹿同盘吸虫P．cervi黄牛后滕同盘吸虫…     

丙硫苯咪唑驱除绵羊肝脏双腔吸虫幼虫的试验

丙硫苯咪唑驱除绵羊肝脏双腔吸虫幼虫的试验张俊安（山东省垦利县永安乡兽医站）宋立业，谭学堂（山东省垦利县畜牧兽医站）王玉茂，胡汉亭（山东省滨州地区畜牧兽医研究所）寄生于牛羊肝脏的双腔吸虫病，是危害本区绵羊的严重疾病之一。经多年调查，绵羊双腔吸虫的感染率...     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。