HPLC波长切换法同时测定双黄连可溶性粉中3个成分的含量

目的:建立HPLC波长切换法同时测定双黄连可溶性粉中绿原酸、黄芩苷、连翘苷3种成分的含量测定方法。方法:采用Waters XSelect CSH C_(18)(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm),以甲醇(A)-0.1%磷酸水溶液(B)为流动相,梯度洗脱,流速1 mL/min,测定绿原酸、连翘苷、黄芩苷的检测波长分别为326 nm(0～26 min)、230 nm(40～43 min)、277 nm(43～46 min)。结果:各待测组分分离度良好;绿原酸、连翘苷、黄芩苷3种成分的进样量分别在0.045 3～0.453 0μg(r=0.999 7),0.027 8～0.278 0μg(r=0.999 4),0.219 0～2.190 0μg(r=0.999 9)与峰面积呈良好的线性关系;加样回收率(n=6)分别为98.0%(RSD=1.8%)、100.8%(RSD=2.0%)、99.3%(RSD=1.0%)。结论:本试验建立的含量测定方法符合方法学验证要求,可用于双黄连可溶性粉的3个指标性成分的同时测定。     

HPLC法同时测定清瘟解毒口服液中栀子苷、黄芩苷的含量

建立同时测定清瘟解毒口服液中栀子苷和黄芩苷含量的HPLC方法。采用十八烷基键合硅胶为填充剂,以0.2%磷酸溶液为流动相A,以乙腈为流动相B进行梯度洗脱,流速为1.0 mL/min,二极管阵列检测器,提取波长为238 nm,进样量为10μL。试验结果表明,栀子苷在5～250μg/mL(Y=14614X+35809,R~2=0.9999),黄芩苷在10～500μg/mL(Y=13270x+23503,R~2=1.00)均呈良好的线性关系;两者平均回收率(n=6)分别为100.14%、99.42%,RSD分别为0.87%、0.94%。该方法操作简单,准确性、重复性、精密度、耐用性良好,适用于该制剂的质量控制,为制剂标准的完善提供了科学依据。     

HPLC法同时测定芩黄颗粒中黄芩苷和甘草酸的含量

建立了高效液相色谱法(HPLC)同时测定芩黄颗粒中黄芩苷和甘草酸的含量。采用Agilent Eclipse XDB-C18(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm)色谱柱,以乙腈-0.05%磷酸溶液为流动相,梯度洗脱,检测波长为252 nm,流速为1.0 mL/min。结果显示,黄芩苷和甘草酸的进样浓度分别在61.84~618.4、8.256~82.56μg/mL(R 2=0.9999,0.9999)范围内与峰面积呈良好线性关系;精密度、重复性和稳定性试验的RSD均小于2.0%;平均加样回收率分别为100.0%、99.2%,回收率的RSD分别为1.0%、0.6%(n=6)。本方法操作简便、准确,可用于芩黄颗粒中黄芩苷和甘草酸含量的同时测定。     

HPLC法同时测定茵栀解毒颗粒中3种有效成分的研究

为了建立同时测定中兽药茵栀解毒颗粒中绿原酸、栀子苷和黄芩苷的方法，研究采用高效液相色谱法，选用C₁₈色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm, 5μm),乙腈和0.05%磷酸溶液为流动相，流速1.0 mL/min,进样量10μL,柱温为30℃,检测波长为230 nm。结果表明，栀子苷在3.110～155.5μg/mL、黄芩苷在1.897～94.86μg/mL、绿原酸在2.478～123.9μg/mL浓度范围内线性关系良好，相关系数均大于0.999,平均加样回收率分别为97.1%、96.2%和95.3%。该试验操作简便、快捷、定性、定量准确，能满足中兽药茵栀解毒颗粒中3种有效成分同时检测的需要。     

鱼腥草芩蓝口服液质量控制方法研究

为建立鱼腥草芩蓝口服液的质量控制方法,采用TLC法对鱼腥草芩蓝口服液中的鱼腥草、黄芩、连翘和金银花进行鉴别;采用HPLC法测定黄芩苷和绿原酸的含量。在薄层色谱鉴别中均能检出鱼腥草、黄芩、连翘和金银花的特征性斑点;黄芩苷进样量在0.1057～2.6413μg范围内与峰面积有良好的线性关系,回归方程为:Y=33.42325X-214.6128,r=0.9997,平均回收率为98.74%;绿原酸进样量在0.041～2.051μg/m L范围内与峰面积有良好的线性关系,其回归方程为:Y=-86.78088+27.5937X,相关系数r=0.9995,回归显著,平均回收率为99.1%,建立的黄芩苷和绿原酸含量测定方法,耐受性良好、灵敏度高、重现性好、专属性强,可以有效控制产品的质量。建立的方法能准确、可靠地对鱼腥草芩蓝口服液中黄芩苷和绿原酸含量进行测定,可作为该制剂的质量控制方法。     

对中国兽药典中黄芩含量测定方法的改进

采用反相高效液相色谱法测定黄芩中黄芩苷的含量.色谱柱为luna C18柱(5μm,250mm×4.60 mm);流动相为乙腈-水-磷酸(30:70:0.1,V/V);流速为1.0 mL/min;检测波长为280 nm;柱温为35℃.黄芩苷浓度在29.4～102.9μg/mL范围内,峰面积与浓度间有良好的线性关系(r=0.999 7),平均回收率为98.6%,RSD为0.60%.     

RP-HPLC法测定普抗合剂中黄芩苷的含量

建立了测定普抗合剂中黄芩苷含量的反相高效液相色谱法。采用Symmetry C18分析柱(150 mm×4.6 mm,5μm);流动相为甲醇-0.006%磷酸(50∶50);流速1.0 mL/m in;色谱柱温度25℃;检测波长278 nm;进样体积10μL;外标法计算含量。结果表明,黄芩苷进样量在0.412~4.12μg范围内,其色谱峰面积与进样量间有良好的线性关系,r=0.999 5,n=5,回收率为99.48%,RSD=1.07%(n=5)。该方法可用于控制普抗合剂中黄芩苷含量。     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法检测双黄连口服液中3种有效成分

应用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱技术,建立了同时测定双黄连口服液中3种有效成分(黄芩苷、绿原酸、连翘苷)的检测方法。采用BEH C18色谱柱,以0.2%甲酸-乙腈作为流动相进行梯度洗脱。在ESI负离子模式下,通过多反应监测模式进行测定。黄芩苷、绿原酸、连翘苷的线性范围分别为0.02~10μg/m L(r=0.9991)、0.02~10μg/m L(r=0.9998)、0.025~10μg/m L(r=0.9996)。定量限分别为0.02 mg/kg、0.02 mg/kg、0.025 mg/kg。3种成分的回收率为98%~101.7%,相对标准偏差均小于2.5%。该法快捷、准确、重复性好,可用于双黄连口服液中的3种有效成分含量的同时测定。     

HPLC波长切换法同时测定四黄止痢颗粒中5种成分的含量

为了建立和完善四黄止痢颗粒的质量标准,建立HPLC波长切换法同时测定四黄止痢颗粒中大黄素、大黄酸、黄芩苷、甘草酸铵、(R,S)-告依春5个成分的含量方法。采用WondaSil C_(18)(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm),以乙腈(A)-0.05%磷酸水溶液(B)为流动相,梯度洗脱,流速1 mL/min,变换波长检测[0～10 min,245 nm测定(R,S)-告依春;10～25 min,278 nm测定黄芩苷;25-45 min,254 nm测定甘草酸铵、大黄酸、大黄素]。各待测组分分离度良好;(R,S)-告依春、黄芩苷、甘草酸铵、大黄酸、大黄素5个成分的进样量分别在0.0475～0.475μg(r=0.999 3)、0. 067 8～0. 678μg(r=0.999 0)、0.229 0～2.290 0μg(r=0.999 4)、0.016 5～0.165 0μg(r=0.999 8)、0.015 2～0.152 0μg(r=0. 999 5)与峰面积呈良好的线性关系;加样回收率分别为98.2%(RSD=1.6%)、100.7%(RSD=1.0%)、99.5%(RSD=1.1%)、100.5%(RSD=0.8%)、99.3%(RSD=1.0%)。说明该方法可用于四黄止痢颗粒中多指标成分的质量控制。     

UPLC-PDA法测定杨树花口服液中非法添加物黄芩苷

为了建立超高效液相色谱-二极管阵列检测法(UPLC-PDA法)测定杨树花口服液中非法添加物黄芩苷,取适量黄芩苷对照品、杨树花口服液阴性样品、阳性添加样品、抽检样品经50%甲醇溶解,超声提取,滤液过滤并定量稀释后,作为供试品溶液,采用UPLC-PDA法检测。色谱分离采用ACQUITY UPLCTMHSS T3色谱柱为分离柱,柱温:35℃;流动相体系:A项为乙腈,B项为0.4%磷酸水溶液,进行梯度洗脱;流速:0.35 m L/min;进样量:10μL;选择二极管阵列检测器,检测波长为278 nm,上机测定。通过保留时间、光谱图、峰纯度等参数对黄芩苷进行定性定量检测。结果表明,黄芩苷在0.5~100μg/m L的范围内线性关系良好(R2=0.999);杨树花口服液中添加黄芩苷0.05 mg/m L,信噪比(S/N)3,确定为方法的检测限;添加0.1 mg/m L,信噪比(S/N)10,确定为方法的定量限;杨树花口服液在0.1、0.2、0.4、0.6 mg/m L黄芩苷添加水平的回收率为95%~105%,批内批间变异系数均小于10%,准确度和精密度良好,完全满足检测需求。而且峰纯度角与阈值符合要求。本方法经济快速、灵敏、重现性好,适用于杨树花口服液中非法添加黄芩苷的定性定量检测。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

Evaluation of serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism and results of radiography as indicators of severity of osteochondrosis in foals

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism can, in conjunction with radiographic evaluation, indicate severity of osteochondrosis in developing horses. ANIMALS: 43 Dutch Warmblood foals with varying severity of osteochondrosis. PROCEDURE: 24 foals were monitored for 5 months and 19 foals were monitored for 11 months. Monthly radiographs of femoropatellar-femorotibial and tibio-tarsal joints were graded for osteochondral abnormalities. Serial blood samples were assayed for 8 cartilage and bone biomarkers. At the end of the monitoring period, foals were examined for macroscopic osteochondrosis lesions. RESULTS: Temporal relationships were evident between certain serum biomarkers and osteochondrosis severity in foals during their first year. Biomarkers of collagen degradation (collagenase-generated neoepitopes of type-II collagen fragments, type-I and -II collagen fragments [COL2-3/4C(short)], and cross-linked telopeptide fragments of type-I collagen) and bone mineralization (osteocalcin) were positive indicators of osteochondrosis severity at 5 months of age. In foals with lesions at 11 months of age, osteochondrosis severity correlated negatively with COL2-3/4C(short) and osteocalcin and positively with C-propeptide of type-II procollagen (CPII), a collagen synthesis marker. Radiographic grading of osteochondrosis lesions significantly correlated with macroscopic osteochondrosis severity score at both ages and was strongest when combined with osteocalcin at 5 months and CPII at 11 months. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The ability of serum biomarkers to indicate osteochondrosis severity appears to depend on stage of disease and is strengthened with radiography. In older foals with more permanent lesions, osteochondrosis severity is significantly related to biomarker concentrations of decreased bone formation and increased cartilage synthesis.