芬苯达唑微晶体临床药效学试验

本试验以家兔为试验动物,观察芬苯达唑微晶体对动物肠道寄生虫的影响。50只人工感染猪蛔虫的家兔随机分成5组,每组10只,第Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组按体重5 mg/kg、10mg/kg不同剂量的芬苯达唑微晶体对家兔口服饲喂驱虫,同时第Ⅲ组、Ⅳ组按体重10mg/kg芬苯达唑及0.2 mg/kg伊维菌素口服给药作药效对照,并设空白组,分别于用药前3d和用药后5d取粪便进行虫卵计数。结果表明,各剂量组药物对肠道蛔虫虫卵减少率分别为99.6%,100%,98.8%,99.7%,虫卵转阴率分别为100%、100%、90%、90%,芬苯达唑微晶体组对兔肠道寄生虫驱除作用要优于其他用药各组,10 mg/kg体重最佳,表明芬苯达唑微晶体能提高芬苯达唑的驱虫效果,提高其生物利用度。     

芬苯哒唑长效控释丸在山羊体内的药物动力学研究

本试验用反相高效液相法测定芬苯哒唑长效控释丸在山羊体内的药物动力学。在血浆中测到芬苯哒唑代谢产物亚砜和砜，其平均浓度分别为７．１７±１．５４ｍｇ／ｍｌ和３．８６±１．０３ｎｇ／ｍｌ，但未测出原药浓度。在瘤胃液中测出的芬苯哒唑平均浓度为２１９．００±１３０．８３ｎｇ／ｍｌ。结果表明芬苯哒唑长效控释九可以在山羊体内恒定释放药物１１０天以上。     

芬苯达唑驱除野生动物寄生蠕虫试验

芬苯达唑（Fenbendazole）是一种广谱驱蠕虫药[1]。叶明忠等对绵、山羊做过驱除寄生线虫比较试验[2]，沈杰等亦做过驱除鸭、鸡寄生蠕虫试验［’］，驱虫结果，虫卵减少率和转阴率分别为98．19％～100％。为了考核该药对华南虎、云豹、金丝猴、北极熊、马鹿等珍稀野生动物的驱虫效果，作者分别对上述13种21只动物作了驱虫试验，亦显示其效果。材料和方法试验用动物上海动物园展览区和繁殖场分完饲养经连续二次粪检虫卵阳性的一二类动物。试验用药物芬苯达哇片剂，为供出口原材料，经中国农科院上海家畜寄研所改制成的片剂，每片100mg，加工…     

芬苯达唑驱除绵羊消化道线虫试验

芬苯达唑驱除绵羊消化道线虫试验徐德纯，王喜民，张庆伟，敖恩（内蒙古兴安盟牧业科学研究所，１３７４００）高云峰，徐福录（内蒙古兴安盟索伦牧场）陈昌，郑贤育（中国预防医学科学院寄生虫病研究所）自１９８７年中国预防医学科学院寄生虫病研究所于国内首次合成了芬...     

芬苯达唑驱除羊消化道线虫试验

湖北省长阳县火烧坪草畜示范场，现有从新疆、内蒙引进的中国美利奴细毛羊400只，另有本地山羊近百只。尽管该场每两月用丙硫咪唑按常规剂量给绵羊、山羊投服1次，但从1991年11月开始对该场羊寄生虫调查，结果仍相当严重，主要是消化道线虫。为此，我们于1992年8月用蠕虫清(芬苯达唑)进行了驱除羊消化道线虫的疗效试验。     

阿苯达唑对猪体内囊尾蚴能量代谢酶活性的影响

测定了在阿苯达唑作用下猪体内囊尾蚴磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧激酶(PEPCK)、丙酮酸激酶(PK)、延胡索酸还原酶(FR)、异柠檬酸脱氢酶(ICD)、苹果酸脱氢酶(ME)活性的变化。结果表明，阿苯达唑可显著改变未成熟期及成熟期猪囊尾蚴的能量代谢。提示，阿苯达唑的作用机理可能是通过干扰虫体能量代谢，阻断能量的产生导致虫体死亡的。     

芬苯达唑片剂驱除鸭,鸡寄生蠕虫的试验

芬苯达唑片剂驱除鸭、鸡寄生蠕虫的试验沈杰，陈永军，叶明忠，曹杰，徐慧斌，何国声（中国农业科学院上海家畜寄生虫病研究所）廖圣法，王建林，马元山，张景伦，金笑敏（安徽农业大学畜牧水产学院生物中心）（上海市畜牧局）芬苯达唑是一种广谱驱蠕虫药［１］，我们用自...     

芬苯达唑驱除藏系绵羊肝片吸虫效果试验

分别以10 mg/kg、15 mg/kg、20 mg/kg三种剂量的芬苯达唑给藏系绵羊驱除自然感染的肝片吸虫,投药1周后,虫卵转阴率分别为20%、40%、40%,减卵率分别为93.42%、90.08%、95.70%.     

芬苯达唑的药理作用及其在动物生产中应用的研究进展

芬苯达唑是广谱、高效、低毒的苯并咪唑类驱虫药,对其理化性质、作用机理、药代动力学、毒理学、残留检测、耐药性和生产中的应用做简要综述,并对其今后的研究方向作出了展望,以期为芬苯达唑的合理使用提供参考。     

Effects of Diet and Species on the Pharmacokinetics of Fenbendazole in Cattle

Knox, M.R. and Steel, J.W., 1997. Effects of diet and species on the pharmacokinetics of fenbendazole in cattle. Veterinary Research Communications, 21 (1), 37-43.The plasma concentration profiles of fenbendazole (FBZ), FBZ-sulphoxide (OFZ) and FBZ-sulphone were measured following intraruminal administration of FBZ at 7.5 mg/kg bodyweight in Bos taurus and B. indicus cattle offered three different diets: 100% wheaten chaff, 100% lucerne, and a 50:50 mix of these two diets. No differences between the species were apparent except for a longer time to peak plasma concentration for OFZ in the B. taurus steers fed 100% wheaten chaff. Cattle fed wheaten chaff alone gave greater areas under the concentration-time curve and longer persistence for all metabolites than when the same cattle were fed the other diets. It is concluded that the reduced rate of passage of digesta on lower-quality fibrous diets allows greater time for absorption of FBZ and its metabolites from the gut, thereby increasing systemic availability.     

氟苯尼考纳米晶在鸡体内的药动学

氟苯尼考(florfenicol, FFC)是新型动物广谱抗菌剂,抗菌效果好,广泛应用于牛、羊、猪、水产及禽类等动物细菌性疾病的防制。本试验旨在研究FFC和氟苯尼考纳米晶(florfenicol nanocrystal, FFC-NC)在鸡体内的生物利用度。采用交叉试验法,鸡用药后,在不同时间点翅下静脉采血,利用高效液相色谱法(high performance liquid chromatography, HPLC)测定血浆中FFC含量。结果显示,此试验所建立的HPLC色谱图基线平稳,血浆峰与FFC峰完全分离。回收率和精密度均符合测定要求,重复性好,适用于鸡血浆FFC含量测定。药动学参数结果显示,与FFC组相比,FFC-NC组的达峰时间t_max为(0.875±0.137) h,峰时缩短,药时曲线下面积AUC₍(0-∞))和峰浓度C_max分别为(23.957±2.338) mg/(L·h)和(8.249±0.713) mg/L,FFC-NC组的相对生物利用度是FFC组的3.6倍。结果表明,FFC-NC的药动学特征较FFC均...     

Pharmacokinetics of ampicillin in pigs

Na-ampicillin was administered by the intravenous or intramuscular route to pigs. Blood concentrations during 4–6 h after administration and tissue distribution were measured. Pharmacokinetic parameters indicated a two-compartment open model. The biological half-life was found to be 60 min and four intramuscular injections per day of 10mg/kg B.W. of Na-ampicillin were required to maintain a minimum plasma concentration of 0.4 μg/ml. Higher levels were found in both the urinary and digestive tract.     

Pharmacokinetics of lithium in pigs

Lithium was administered to young pigs in order to estimate its pharmacokinetic parameters in this species and a suitable dosage for chronic psychopharmacological experiments. Distribution time (10 h) and volume (1 l/kg), elimination half-life (10–20 h), toxic plasma levels (about 1.4 mEq/l) are closely similar to those reported in man. A chronic oral administration of 0.5 mEq/kg twice a day provides minimal plasma levels of 0.5 to 1.0 mEq/l, without toxic side effects.     

氟甲砜霉素（Florfenicol）在猪体内的药物动力学

健康猪6头,体重(24.7±1.0)kg,单剂量静注、肌注、内服氟甲砜霉素(Florfenicol)20mg/kg,用高效液相色谱法测定其血药浓度,实验所得的血药浓度-时间数据采用非房室模型统计矩原理分析处理.静注给药的主要药物动力学参数为AUC90.13mg/(L     

头孢喹肟在猪体内的药动学及生物利用度

10头健康杂种猪,随机交叉设计试验,头孢喹肟按1 mg/kg的剂量分别进行耳缘静脉和颈部肌肉单点注射给药,给药间隔时间为1周.采用反相高效液相色谱法测定血清中头孢喹肟的药物浓度,用药代动力学程序软件3P97处理血清中药物浓度-时间数据.结果表明,静脉注射给药后,猪血清中头孢喹肟的药时数据符合二室开放模型,其主要药动学参数为:t1,2α为0.16 h,t1/2β为1.34 h,V(c)为0.24 L·kg1,cl‘.)为0.26 L·kg-1·h-1,AUC为3.97 mg·L-1·h;颈部肌肉单点注射给药后,猪血清中头孢喹肟的药时数据符合一级吸收二室模型,其主要药动学参数为:t1/2ka为0.08 h,t1/2α为0.84 h,t1/2β日为2.76 h,t(max)为0.32 h,C(max)为1.80 mg·L-1Cl(s)为0.25 L·kg-1·h-1,AUC为4.12 mg·L-1·h,F为102.37%.     

Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of spiramycin in pigs.

The pharmacokinetics of spiramycin in pigs were investigated after intravenous and oral administration. The potential therapeutically effective blood level was established after a single administration and examined in a subsidiary five day study. The rapid intravenous injection of 25 mg spiramycin/kg bodyweight produced marked salivation in all the test animals. The elimination half-life (2.3 +/- 1.2 hours) was relatively short, in accordance with the total body clearance rate (27.3 +/- 10.1 ml/minute/kg). The high volume of distribution (5.2 +/- 2.2 litres/kg) was due to the accumulation of the drug in the body tissues. The maximum plasma concentration (4.1 +/- 1.7 micrograms/ml) after oral administration of 85 to 100 mg spiramycin/kg bodyweight was reached after 3.7 +/- 0.8 hours and the half-life of the elimination phase was 6.0 +/- 2.4 hours. The oral bioavailability was 45.4 +/- 23.4 per cent. Ad libitum feeding of a diet containing 2550 mg spiramycin/kg produced a steady state concentration of 0.96 +/- 0.27 micrograms/ml. This plasma concentration would provide a potentially therapeutically effective blood concentration against Mycoplasma species, Streptococcus species and Staphylococcus species.     

盐酸多西环素在猪体内的药物动力学及其残留

试验建立了反相高效液相色谱(RT-HPLC)法测定盐酸多西环素的浓度,探讨了盐酸多西环素在猪体内的药物动力学和残留特征。结果表明,盐酸多西环素以2.5mg/kg单剂量肌内注射给猪(n=6),药物动力学模型符合有吸收一室模型,药物动力学参数:吸收半衰期(t1/2ka)、消除半衰期(t1/2ke)为(0.400±0.312)h、(9.530±0.956)h,药时曲线下面积(AUC)为(44.414±4.123)mg·h·L-1,最大血药浓度(Cmax)为(2.811±0.136)mg/L,达峰时间(Tp)为(1.910±0.213)h。另外,以相同剂量肌内注射给猪(n=6),每天1次,连续给药4d后,在不同时间测定盐酸多西环素在猪的肌肉、肝脏、肾脏、皮肤和脂肪中的残留量。在给药后16d,盐酸多西环素在各组织均能检测到,且残留均低于残留限量。盐酸多西环素注射液在猪体内消除缓慢,残留期较长,建议休药期不低于16d。