鹿特异性复合麻醉剂对大鼠脑区NOS活性及NO/cGMP信号转导系统的影响

研究鹿特异性复合麻醉剂麻醉下大鼠不同脑区NOS活性、NO和c GMP浓度的变化,探讨鹿特异性复合麻醉剂的中枢作用机理。将24只SD大鼠随机分成4组,分别为对照组、诱导期、麻醉期和催醒期,于不同时期采集大鼠大脑皮质、小脑、脑干、海马和丘脑。采用比色法测定各脑区NOS活性和NO含量,酶联免疫吸附法测定各脑区c GMP浓度。结果表明,腹腔注射鹿特异性复合麻醉剂30 mg/kg体重后,麻醉期各脑区一氧化氮合酶(NOS)活性显著降低(P0.05或P0.01);NO产量与对照组比较降低极显著(P0.01);鸟甘酸环化酶(c GMP)浓度降低显著(P0.05或P0.01)。结果提示,鹿特异性复合麻醉剂抑制大鼠各脑区NOS活性,阻断NO/c GMP信号转导可能是其产生全麻作用的重要机理之一。     

强痛宁对大鼠中枢脑区Ca~(2+)、Mg~(2+)-ATP酶活性影响

通过测定强痛宁作用下大鼠中枢脑区Ca~(2+),Mg~(2+)-ATP酶活性变化,探讨其麻醉镇痛作用与中枢脑区Ca~(2+),Mg~(2+)-ATP酶相关性。将24只纯种SD大鼠随机分成对照组、诱导组、麻醉组和催醒组,于各时间点冰上采集大鼠各脑区,采用比色法测定Ca~(2+),Mg~(2+)-ATP酶活性。结果表明:药物作用引起诱导期及麻醉期大鼠大脑皮质、小脑、海马、丘脑及脑干区Ca~(2+),Mg~(2+)-ATP酶活性降低,与对照组比较差异显著(P0.01或P0.05);催醒期各脑区Ca~(2+),Mg~(2+)-ATP酶活性恢复到麻前水平。结果提示,强痛宁作用下引起大鼠各脑区Ca~(2+),Mg~(2+)-ATP酶活性降低,阻碍了神经细胞对痛觉刺激信息传导,产生麻醉镇痛作用。     

强痛宁对大鼠中枢脑区Na~+-K~+-ATP酶活性的影响

为了探讨强痛宁麻醉镇痛作用与中枢脑区Na~+-K~+-ATP酶的相关性,试验选取24只纯种SD大鼠随机分成对照组、诱导组、麻醉组和催醒组,于各时间点冰上采集大鼠各脑区,采用比色法测定Na~+-K~+-ATP酶活性。结果表明:药物作用后诱导期及麻醉期大鼠大脑皮质、小脑内Na~+-K~+-ATP酶活性显著低于对照组(P0.01),海马、丘脑及脑干区Na~+-K~+-ATP酶活性与对照组比较极显著降低(P0.01),催醒期各脑区Na~+-K~+-ATP酶活性恢复到麻醉前水平。说明强痛宁可引起大鼠各脑区Na~+-K~+-ATP酶活性降低,阻碍神经细胞对痛觉刺激信息的传导,产生了麻醉镇痛作用。     

噻环乙胺对大鼠不同脑区NOS活性及NO产量和cGMP含量的影响

动态观察噻环乙胺对大鼠不同脑区NOS活性、NO产量、cGMP含量的影响,以探讨NO／cGMP信号转导系统对噻环乙胺全麻分子机理的调控。SD大鼠168只,随机分为对照组和高、低剂量组（腹腔注射60、30mg／kg噻环乙胺）,每个剂量组又分为麻醉组、恢复Ⅰ组和恢复Ⅱ组3个亚组。用分光光度法测定脑NOS活性和NO产量,放射免疫法测定脑cGMP含量。在两个剂量的麻醉组,不但大脑皮层、海马和丘脑的NOS活性受到明显抑制,而且显著减少上述脑区NO产量和cGMP含量（与对照组相比,P〈0．05）。在高、低剂量的恢复Ⅰ组上述3个脑区的NOS活性、NO产量、cGMP含量均有不同程度的恢复,在恢复Ⅱ组除丘脑cGMP含量明显低于对照组（P〈0．05）外,其余指标均显著恢复（与对照组相比,P〉0．05）。两个剂量组脑干、小脑的NOS活性、NO产量和cGMP含量均无明显的改变。噻环乙胺的麻醉作用可能与抑制大脑皮层、海马和丘脑等脑区NO／cGMP信号转导系统相关。     

小型猪特异性麻醉颉颃剂对大鼠脑NO/cGMP信号转导系统的动态影响

为探讨NO/cGMP信号转导系统对小型猪特异性麻醉颉颃剂催醒分子机理的调控,144只Wistar大鼠随机分为对照组和试验组,对照组和试验组再分为早期催醒组、中期催醒组和晚期催醒组。用分光光度法测定脑NOS活性和NO产量,ELISA测定脑cGMP含量。结果显示,小型猪特异性麻醉颉颃剂能明显地激活大鼠相关脑区的NOS活性和NO及cGMP产量,并且大鼠不同脑区NOS活性、NO产量和cGMP含量的变化趋势不仅与大鼠行为学变化相平行,还与不同时期表现出的催醒效果基本吻合。这表明小型猪特异性麻醉颉颃剂的催醒可能与激活特定脑区的NO/cGMP信号转导系统相关。     

替来他明及小型猪复方麻醉剂对大鼠不同脑区一氧化氮及一氧化氮合酶的影响

目的-研究一氧化氮(NO)、一氧化氮合酶(NOS)在替来他明及小型猪复方麻醉剂(XFM)全麻分子机理中可能的作用.方法-SD大鼠96只,先随机均分替来他明组和XFM组,每组又随机均分为对照组、麻醉组、恢复Ⅰ组和恢复Ⅱ组.用比色法分别测定各脑区的NO产量和NOS活性.结果-ip替来他明30 mg/kg后,在麻醉组大脑皮层、海马及丘脑的NOS活性受到明显抑制,且使NO产量显著减少(与对照组相比,P<0.05).在恢复Ⅰ组上述脑区NO产量、NOS活性呈现不同程度恢复,到恢复Ⅱ组时明显恢复(与对照组相比,P＞0.05).在替来他明麻醉全过程中小脑和脑干NOS活性无明显变化.大鼠ip XFM 0.5 mL/100g后,在麻醉组大脑皮层、小脑和丘脑的NOS活性明显受到抑制,且使NO产量显著减少(与对照组相比,P<0.01).而在恢复Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组上述3个脑区的NO产量、NOS活性明显恢复(与对照组相比,P＞0.05).在XFM麻醉全过程中海马和脑干NOS活性无明显变化.结论-NO、NOS参与了替来他明及XFM全麻作用产生的分子学机理的调控.替来他明全麻作用可能与抑制大脑皮层、海马和丘脑等脑区的NO产量、NOS活性相关.而XFM全麻作用可能与抑制大脑皮层、小脑和丘脑等脑区的NO产量、NOS活性相关.     

赛拉唑对大鼠不同脑区NO-NOS-cGMP信号转导系统的影响

观察赛拉唑对大鼠不同脑区NOS活性、NO和cGMP含量的影响,以探讨NO-NOS-cGMP信号转导系统对赛拉唑全麻分子机理的调控.Wistar纯种大鼠84只,随机选取12只为生理盐水对照组,其余随机均分为低剂量赛拉唑用药组和高剂量赛拉唑用药组,每个剂量组又分为麻醉期、翻正反射恢复期和苏醒期3个亚组(各12只).用分光光度法测定大鼠不同脑区NOS活性和NO产量,放射免疫法测定脑cGMP含量.结果表明,赛拉唑能明显地抑制大鼠大脑皮质、小脑、海马和脑干NOS活性、NO和cGMP含量.并且NOS活性、NO含量的抑制作用呈现荆量依赖性增加趋势,这种变化与大鼠赛拉唑麻醉后行为学变化相吻合.结果提示,NO-NOS-cGMP信号传递系统参与了赛拉唑全麻作用产生的分子学机制的调控.     

静松灵对小型猪脑区NO-cGMP信号转导系统的影响

以巴马小型猪为研究对象,探究静松灵对小型猪主要脑区中NO-cGMP信号系统的影响。将20头小型猪随机分为2组,生理盐水对照组5头,其余为静松灵(T1=15 min、T2=45 min、 T3=75 min)试验组各5头。收集不同脑区组织后测定NO含量、NOS活性与cGMP含量。结果显示,注射静松灵后会使小型猪不同脑区中NO含量、NOS活性与cGMP含量均下降。在大脑皮质、丘脑、海马和脑干4个脑区内NOS活性均下降,而在海马和丘脑内NO含量与大脑皮质和脑干内cGMP含量会出现显著降低。结果表明,静松灵的麻醉作用可以显著抑制NO-cGMP信号转导系统。     

乳化异氟醚全凭静脉麻醉对大鼠中枢NO/cGMP信号通路的影响

为探讨乳化异氟醚对大鼠不同脑区中枢神经NO-NOS-cGMP信号通路的影响,将36只Wistar大鼠分为对照组、麻醉组和麻醉恢复组,大鼠经尾静脉注射乳化异氟醚麻醉,采用比色和ELISA法检测各组不同脑区中枢神经一氧化氮(NO)产量、一氧化氮合酶(NOS)活性和环鸟苷酸(cGMP)含量。结果显示,大鼠在注射乳化异氟醚前后大脑皮质和海马中NO产量、NOS酶活性和cGMP含量变化与麻醉深度呈相关性,表明大脑皮质和海马中NO/cGMP信号转导系统参与了麻醉调控过程,大脑皮质和海马可能是乳化异氟醚产生麻醉效应的作用靶位。     

鹿特异性复合麻醉剂对大鼠不同脑区GLU和ASP含量的影响

为了研究鹿特异性复合麻醉剂麻醉下大鼠不同脑区兴奋性氨基酸类神经递质含量的变化,探讨鹿特异性复合麻醉剂的中枢作用的可能机理。将32只SD大鼠随机分成对照组、诱导组、麻醉组、苏醒组,采用反向高效液相色谱法测定各脑区GLU和ASP的含量。结果显示,腹腔注射鹿特异性复合麻醉剂30 mg/kg体重后,诱导组大鼠大脑、小脑、脑干和海马GLU和ASP含量与对照组比较降低显著(P0.05或P0.01);麻醉组大脑、小脑、脑干和海马GLU和ASP含量显著低于对照组(P0.01);苏醒组小脑和脑干GLU和海马中的ASP与对照组比较差异仍显著(P0.05)。麻醉全程,丘脑内GLU含量与对照组比较差异不显著(P0.05)。表明鹿特异性复合麻醉剂的中枢作用,可能与降低大脑、小脑、脑干和海马内的GLU、ASP和丘脑内的ASP含量有关。     

国内生态恢复研究进展

本文介绍了生态恢复的研究进展,从生态恢复的定义、退化生态系统的指标等方面进行阐述,重点对国内在恢复生态学方面的进展做了介绍.对当前的人工草地、草地农业的研究情况做了一些概述.     

国内生态恢复研究进展

本文介绍了生态恢复的研究进展,从生态恢复的定义、退化生态系统的指标等方面进行阐述,重点对国内在恢复生态学方面的进展做了介绍。对当前的人工草地、草地农业的研究情况做了一些概述。     

Veterinary pathology in Europe in the light of the congresses of the European Society of Veterinary Pathology in the last decade

This paper presents the main trends in the activity of European veterinary pathologists in the context of their oral presentations (plenary lectures and short presentations) and posters provided during annual meetings of the European Society of Veterinary Pathology (ESVP), in the decade 1997-2006. It was found that the issue that was most often brought up in the meetings was organ pathology (566 presentations). Infectious and parasitical diseases were only slightly less frequent (548 presentations). Oncology was another common issue (404 presentations). During this decade, 52 plenary lectures were presented, 765 oral presentations and 1 072 posters. Altogether, 1 889 presentations were made, which is between 127 and 238 per year. Research by Polish scientists accounted for 3.16% of all presentations. Additionally, the subject matter discussed at the annual meetings is analysed, and the trends in the development of veterinary diagnostic pathology and broad pathology education are indicated. It is shown that veterinary pathology enhances knowledge in the field of veterinary medicine by fulfilling a cognitive and diagnostic role.     

Application of the log-linear model in the prediction of the antinuclear antibody test in the dog

To find possible associations between antinuclear antibody (ANA) pattern, ANA titer, and certain clinical changes and clinical laboratory test results in dogs, the veterinary medical records of 111 ANA-positive and 126 ANA-negative dogs were examined. Variables could not be found that had significant associations with ANA pattern (unlike the results in persons), because of the predominance of 2 patterns. A log-linear model for ANA titer adequately fit the observed frequency and included 2-way interactions between titer and polyarthritis, titer and hematologic disorders, and polyarthritis and lymphadenopathy.     

Evidence for the non-involvement of the uterus in the lifespan of the corpus luteum in the cyclic dog

Progesterone levels in peripheral blood of dogs were analysed during the cycle in which hysterectomy (n = 5) or sham surgery (n = 3) was performed as well as during the cycle of dogs (n = 5) hysterectomized at least one year prior to this study; the data were compared with the findings in control dogs (n = 3). The averages of the duration of the luteal period observed in the three experimental groups were not significantly different from those of control dogs. Immediately after surgery, the progesterone level decreased from 25 to 50% of the presurgical level, but returned to presurgical level in about four days. Prolactin levels were elevated for about 30 h after surgery. Nevertheless, the averages of the mean prolactin levels for each animal during the luteal period of the experimental groups were not significantly different from those of control dogs. It is concluded that in the dog, the uterus is not involved in the lifespan of the cyclic corpus luteum.     

Disturbance in the growth of the radius in dogs

In a 4-year period nine dogs have been met in which there was incomplete growth of the radius. The condition was unilateral in eight dogs and bilateral in one. Two were littermates. The defect is due to premature cessation of growth of the distal growth plate of the radius but the cause of this is not precisely known. It is recognized by characteristic radiographic changes in radius length, elbow joint space and premature closure of the distal growth plate of the radius. A method of surgical treatment has been devised and has proved beneficial in five dogs. Zusammenfassung. In einer Vierjahresperiode wurden neun Hunde beobachtet, bei denen ein unvollständiges Wachstum des Radius vorlag. Bei acht Hunden war der Zustand nur auf einer Seite zu finden, bei einem Hund auf beiden Seiten. Zwei der Hunde gehörten zum gleichen Wurf. Der Mangel ist auf verfrühte Wachstumseinstellung der distalen Wachstumsplatte des Radius zurückzuführen, jedoch ist die Ursache davon nicht genau bekannt. Er wird an charakteristischen radiographischen Veränderungen der Radiuslänge, des Ellbogengelenkzwischenraums und vorzeitigem Abschluss der distalen Wachstumsplatte des Radius erkannt. Es wurde eine chirurgische Behandlungsmethode entwickelt, die sich bei fünf Hunden als nutzlich erwies. Résumé. Au cows d'une période de 4 ans on a observé 9 cas de croissance incomplète du radius chez des chiens; l'anomalie était unilatérale dans 8 cas et bilatérale dans un cas; deux chiens appartenaient à la même portée. L'anomalie est due à l'arrêt prématuré de croissance de la plaque de croissance distale du radius, mais la cause n'en est pas encore connue d'une manière précise. Le diagnostic se fait par les signes radiologiques caractéristiques, modifications de la longueur du radius, de l'articulation du coude et soudure prématurée de la plaque de croissance du radius. On a élaboré une méthode de traitement chirurgical, qui s'est montrée favorable chez 5 chiens.     

Modelling the transmission of Echinococcus granulosus in dogs in the northwest and in the southwest of Morocco

Echinococcus granulosus (E. granulosus) infection was studied in 151 dogs in two regions of Morocco: 68 dogs in the northwest (Loukkos) and 83 dogs in the southwest (Tiznit). The mean prevalence rates of echinococcosis in dogs were 58.82% (46.23-70.63%) in Loukkos and 55.42% (44.10-66.34%) in Tiznit and the mean abundances of E. granulosus per dog were 75 (59-93) and 547 (504-595), respectively. The mean abundance of E. granulosus in dogs was fitted to a negative binomial distribution by the maximum likelihood techniques to define parameters. E. granulosus was aggregated in dogs in the two regions. The prevalence of infection and the abundance of E. granulosus in dogs were fitted to mathematical models in order to determine if the parasite population is partly regulated by definitive host immunity. The best fit was obtained with the models assuming the presence of immunity. The mean time of exposure to infection was similar in the two regions and ranged from 8 months to about 2 years. The infection pressures (number of E. granulosus) obtained per dog each year were 65 (8-294) in Loukkos and 476 (316-886) in Tiznit. The proportion of dogs susceptible to infection was still high along the life of the dogs in Loukkos, while it was not different from zero in old dogs of Tiznit.