犬猫弓形虫抗体检测及临床治疗

正刚地弓形虫是一种猫科动物的肠道球虫,最初由法国学者发现,因其外形非常像"弓",故命名为"刚地弓形虫"。我国学者首次于1957年从动物体内分离得到,并通过不断研究,于1970年证实猫为其最终宿主。通常寄生在人、犬、猫等有核细胞内,为人畜共患病。1弓形虫生活史弓形虫的发育经历5个阶段:滋养体(速殖子、缓殖子)、包囊、裂殖体、配子体和卵囊。很多哺乳动物为其中间宿主,猫及猫科动物是其     

弓形虫速殖子与弓形虫缓殖子相互转换的研究进展

弓形虫速殖子与缓殖子的相互转换,在弓形虫病的研究中具有重要的作用。本文阐述了弓形虫缓殖子及包囊的形成因素,速殖子与缓殖子的差异、缓殖子特异性蛋白,并就IFN-γ与弓形虫速殖子和缓殖子相互转换的关系、在速殖子与缓殖子相互转换中可能存在的信号途径、在速殖子与缓殖子之间是否存在中间体等方面的研究进展加以综述。     

弓形虫不同发育时期棒状体颈部蛋白5基因的表达研究

为探究不同发育时期弓形虫棒状体颈部蛋白5（Toxoplasma gondii rhoptry neck protein 5,TgRON5）基因的表达情况与其毒力的相关性,本试验以Ⅱ型弓形虫PRU虫株作为研究对象,以弓形虫管家基因ACT1作为内参基因,分别对目的基因和内参基因设计特异性引物,通过对各基因建立标准曲线,确定二者扩增效率的一致性后,采用实时荧光定量PCR相对定量法对弓形虫4个不同发育时期（速殖子、缓殖子、未孢子化卵囊及孢子化卵囊）中TgRON5基因的表达情况进行检测与分析。结果显示,TgRON5基因在弓形虫各发育时期均有表达,其中,孢子化卵囊表达水平最高,未孢子化卵囊次之,速殖子较低,缓殖子最低,表明RON5蛋白的合成与分泌与虫体入侵宿主细胞的侵袭力有着密切的关系。本研究结果为阐明TgRON5蛋白参与弓形虫入侵的机理奠定了基础。     

弓形体原虫滋养体、包囊、卵囊的快速镜检法

弓形体(Toxoplasma gondii)是一种专性的细胞内寄生虫,为双宿主生活周期,在其终末宿主——猫或猫科动物体内,具有与普通球虫生活史相同的有性等孢子繁殖和无性裂体繁殖世代交替(见弓形体生活史图解)。有性繁殖期为局部感染,主要在猫科动物肠粘膜上皮细胞内发育,形成卵囊随粪便排出体外。无性繁殖期为全身感染,速殖体在细胞内增殖,缓殖体则长期保留在组织内,并能广泛的危害人类和各种畜禽等动物。为了便于确诊弓形体     

猪弓形虫病的临床症状及鉴别诊断

弓形虫又名弓形体、弓浆虫、毒浆虫,是单细胞寄生原虫,只能在活的有核细胞内生长繁殖。当有感染力的卵囊、包囊或假包囊被动物吞食后均能感染发病。本文就猪弓形虫病的临床易混淆的几种疾病的区别简单阐述。1病原猫为终末宿主,也可以为中间宿主,弓形虫发育阶段分五个期,即速殖子假包囊内外,缓殖子在组织包囊内,子孢子卵囊内,裂殖体包含裂殖子,配子体有雌（大）配子和雄（小）配子体。     

弓形虫速殖子表膜蛋白的研究进展

弓形虫的生活史可分为有性生殖和无性生殖2个阶段,无性生殖阶段又有缓殖子和速殖子2个阶段,其中速殖子阶段的危害最为严重。作者就速殖子表膜蛋白的相关性、在速殖子和缓殖子转换中的作用、表膜蛋白基团GP1的锚定作用以及表膜蛋白生物工程疫苗方面的研究综述如下。1弓形虫速殖子的表膜蛋白弓形虫速殖子的表膜蛋白大约有1000多种,其中主要的有5种,包括SAG1(P30)、SAG2(P22)、P23、P35和P43。SAG1是速殖子中含量最丰富的蛋白,仅在弓形虫的速殖子期表达。SAG1基因为单拷贝基因,无内含子,弓形虫没有在SAG1基因的转录启动子TATA,在SA…     

弓形虫能量代谢及营养物质的来源概述

弓形虫病是由弓形虫感染引起的严重人兽共患寄生虫病,对人类健康及畜牧业发展造成巨大威胁.弓形虫通过独特的代谢途径从宿主细胞获得营养物质进而满足其在细胞内增殖及存活.虫体自身的糖酵解及三羧酸循环途径对于其正常生长至关重要,糖酵解关键酶被抑制可促进缓殖子的形成,明确糖酵解及营养物质存储在缓殖子阶段的作用,将有助于揭示包囊形成...     

人畜共患弓形虫病的防治

正弓形虫病是由龚地弓形虫(或刚第弓形虫)寄生于多种哺乳动物和人的多种有核细胞中引起的一种寄生虫病。一、病原及生活史弓形虫为细胞内寄生虫,根据其发育阶段不同,可分为速殖子和假包囊、慢殖子和包囊、裂殖体和裂殖子、配子体和卵囊五个阶段,各阶段形态不一。在弓形虫的生活史中,猫是唯一的终末宿主,也是中间宿主之一。人、猪、牛、羊、鼠和禽类等都可作为中间宿主。如带有脑包囊的小鼠被猫捕获,包囊被猫吞食后,囊壁即在胃和     

水貂弓形虫病的诊治

弓形虫病是一种分布广泛的由龚地弓形虫引起的人畜共患原虫病.水貂吞食弓形虫的感染性卵囊或含有弓形虫速殖子或包囊的中间宿主的肉、内脏、渗出物、排泄物或乳汁而被感染后,子孢子或滋养体在体内有核细胞中进行弓形虫发育,形成包囊,停留在一些组织中,怀孕母貂还可经过胎盘使胎儿遭受感染.     

猪弓形虫病的预防与治疗

正弓形虫病是人畜共患的原虫病,在人畜及野生动物中广泛传播,感染率很高,因此本病给人类健康和畜牧业发展带来很大的危害和威胁,病原体是龚地弓形虫,弓形虫根据不同发育阶段,其状态亦不一样,速殖子和包囊出现在中间宿主(人、畜、野生动物)体内;卵囊只出现在终宿主—猫体内。速殖子呈桔瓣状,一端尖,另一端圆,4-7微米,在中央附近有一个大核;卵囊见于猫粪内呈卵圆形,随粪排至外界发育成每个卵囊内形成     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1984

In late December 1984, 1853 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1984 and 35% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 97,794 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1417 dogs (1.45% of those tested) were found with heartworm. Another 34 dogs were amicrofilaremic, but were diagnosed as having heartworm disease, to give the total number diagnosed in 1984 as 1451 (1.48%). Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island and Newfoundland but most (1310) of the cases were in Ontario. In Quebec, 126 cases were reported mostly from west of Montreal.

Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 27% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 72% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1983

In late December 1983, 2 800 veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of heartworm disease in Canada in 1983 and 26% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 59 504 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 771 dogs (1.30% of those tested) were found with Dirofilaria immitis. Heartworm disease was diagnosed in all provinces except New Brunswick and Newfoundland but most (733) of the cases were in Ontario.

Heartworm disease was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 31% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 64% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continues to be the focus of the infection and most of the dogs there had not left the province previously.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1991

In late November 1991, 1883 clinics in Canada were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in dogs in 1991 and there was a 60.0% response. There were 344,031 dogs tested for heart-worm (HW), 627 were found infected and the prevalence of HW infection was 0.18%. There were 417 dogs with HW in Ontario, 116 in Manitoba, 38 in Quebec, 53 in British Columbia, three in Alberta, and one in Nova Scotia. In British Columbia, all of the infected dogs but one were from the Okanagan valley which, as from 1991, is a new focus of infection in Canada. Most dogs with HW had not been on preventive medication in 1990, and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 0.59%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Companion dogs, over three years of age and maintained primarily outdoors in rural areas, were most frequently infected. One cat was diagnosed with D. immitis and 33 dogs had Dipetalonema reconditium.     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1985

In late December 1985, 1485 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1985 and 44% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 137,300 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1210 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 36 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number diagnosed in 1985 as 1247 (0.91%).

Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island, Newfoundland and Saskatchewan but most (1126) of the cases were in Ontario. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. From Quebec, 91 cases were reported mostly from and around Montreal. From Manitoba, 19 cases were reported from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 28% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 78% had a history of not having left Canada.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1988

In late November 1988, 1581 small and mixed animal clinics and institutional veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1988, and 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 181,577 dogs were blood-tested for heartworm disease and 367 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 60 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1988 as 441 (0.24%).     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1989

In late November 1989, 1732 clinics and institutional veterinarians were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis, and 51.7% responded. Of 247,716 dogs tested, 394 had D. immitis microfilariae and 51 were amicrofilaremic for a total of 445 cases and heartworm prevalence of 0.17%. Most (408) of these dogs had no preventive medication and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 1.01%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Thirty-seven dogs with heartworm had preventive medication. Heartworm was most frequent in companion dogs over three years of age maintained outdoors in rural areas. About 75% of the cases had never left Canada, 26% had clinical signs and 125 were not treated.

Heartworm was reported from British Columbia, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia and Newfoundland, but 383 cases were in Ontario. South-western Ontario was the primary focus of infection. There were 33 cases in Quebec and 24 in Manitoba, mainly found in and around Metropolitan Montreal and Winnipeg respectively.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1987

In late November 1987, 1246 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1987, and 50% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 165,428 dogs were blood tested for heartworm disease and 511 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 78 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1987 as 589 (0.35%).     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1986

In late December 1986, 1224 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1986; 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 150,989 dogs were blood-tested for microfilariae and 869 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 65 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease and one was found with heartworm at necropsy to give the total number diagnosed in 1986 as 935 (0.62%).

Heartworm was reported from Manitoba, New Brunswick, Ontario and Quebec, but most (810) of the cases were from Ontario. South-western Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. There were 103 cases reported from Quebec, mostly from and around Montreal, and 21 cases from Manitoba, from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 33% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 81% had a history of not having left Canada.