醋酸铅对妊娠小鼠雄性后代生殖毒性的研究

将妊娠母鼠随机分为高剂量(1／10LD50)、中剂量(1／50 LD50)、低剂量(1／250LD50)和溶剂对照组。高、中、低剂量染毒组和对照组母鼠分别于妊娠的9,11,13,15 d和17 d腹腔注射1.2,0.24,0.048 g／L的醋酸铅[Pb(CH3COO)2·3H20]溶液和灭茼蒸馏水0.01 mL／g。研究醋酸铅对妊娠小鼠雄性后代的生长发育和生殖能力的影响。试验结果表明:①高剂量染毒母鼠带仔行为受到醋酸铅的显著影响;②各试验组后代公鼠体重增长变化无统计学差异(P>0.05);③各试验组公鼠的睾丸、附睾湿重及其与体重的比值均无明显差异(P>0.05);④各染毒组后代公鼠精子相对密度显著低于对照组(P<0.01);⑤各染毒组后代公鼠精子活力与对照组之间无统计学差异(P>0.05);⑥高剂量和中剂量组后代公鼠精子畸形比率显著高于对照组(P<0.05),低剂量组则与对照组无统计学差异(P>0.05);⑦备染毒组后代公鼠精子顶体形态异常率与对照组之间无统计学差异(P>0.05)。     

醋酸铅对妊娠小鼠雌性后代受精和胚胎发育毒性研究

将妊娠小鼠随机分为高剂量 (1 / 1 0LD50 )、中剂量 (1 / 50LD50 )、低剂量 (1 / 2 50LD50 )和溶剂对照组。高、中、低剂量染毒组和对照组小鼠分别于妊娠的 9,1 1 ,1 3,1 5d和 1 7d腹腔注射 1 .2 g/mL ,0 .2 4g/mL和 0 .0 48g/mL的醋酸铅 [Pb(CH3COO) 2 ·3H2 O]溶液和灭菌蒸馏水 ,注射量 0 .0 1mL/ g。研究醋酸铅对染毒妊娠小鼠雌性后代生长发育和卵母细胞受精、受精卵卵裂及早期胚胎发育的影响。试验结果表明 :①各组后代母鼠断奶后体重变化规律类似 ,试验结束时各组小鼠平均体重无统计学差异(P >0 .0 5) ;②各染毒组后代母鼠受精卵比率极显著低于对照组 (P <0 .0 1 ) ;③染毒组后代母鼠早期胚胎发育受到显著影响 ,主要表现为回收胚胎中正常发育为囊胚的比例显著降低(P <0 .0 1 ) ,同时发育延迟胚及退化变性胚的综合比例显著升高 (P <0 .0 1 )。     

蛋鸡磷缺乏症治疗措施的研究

试验一,选择75羽1日龄健康的罗曼商品蛋鸡,随机分成2个组,第一组20羽,第二组55羽,每个组设2个重复,分别饲喂含有0.4%和0.11%有效磷的日粮.试验至30d,低磷组受试鸡胸骨弯曲发生率达52%,增重显著降低(P＜0.05),确认为雏鸡患有磷缺乏症.试验二,选48羽患磷缺乏症的商品蛋鸡,随机分成4个组,分别饲喂含0.11%有效磷、0.4%有效磷、0.4%有效磷+500IU/kg维生素D3、0.6%有效磷的日粮.试验20d,结果显示:第一组增重、耗料量显著低于第二、三、四组(P＜0.05);第一组胸骨弯曲、胸部囊肿发生率显著高于第二、三、四组(P＜0.05);第一组血浆、全血、胫骨钙、磷显著低于第二、三、四组(P＜0.05).3个治疗组之间没有明显的差别,表明当雏鸡患有磷缺乏症时,日粮中添加有效磷至0.4%,即可获得良好的疗效.     

氟对蛋鸡红细胞免疫功能影响的研究

为了探讨氟对鸡红细胞免疫功能的影响,采用人工复制病例的方法,测定了不同剂量和不同时间氟中毒鸡红细胞免疫功能,结果表明,鸡氟中毒时,红细胞免疫功能下降,并且有剂量、时间效应。     

Clinicomorphological Studies in Chicks Fed Ochratoxin A While Simultaneously Developing Coccidiosis

The progression of coccidiosis and the resultant mortality were followed in chicks fed a OTA-contaminated diet. More complex and rapid progress of coccidiosis occurred in OTA-treated chicks than in chicks fed a OTA-free diet. The concentration of total protein in the serum was significantly decreased in the chicks in the OTA-treated group, whereas this was significantly increased in chicks infected with Eimeria tenella, irrespective of additional treatment with OTA. The serum glucose concentration was significantly increased in all the chicks exposed to OTA and/or suffering from coccidiosis, as was serum retention of uric acid in all groups, most notably in those consuming OTA. OTA induced degenerative changes in, and an increase in the weight of the kidneys, liver, heart and ventriculum; there was depletion of lymphoid tissue and a decrease in the lymphoid organs' weight and body weight. Coccidiosis induced only a slight growth depression and a slight increase in the relative weight of the kidneys and liver. The intensity of the clinical signs, the impairment of kidney function, macroscopic and histopathological changes, deviations in the weight of some organs and general depression in growth were greater when chicks infected with E. tenella were also given OTA.     

Studies with Radioactive Endotoxin I. Clearance of 51Cr-Labelled Endotoxin from the Blood of Calves

The clearance of ⁵¹Cr-labelled Pseudomonas endotoxin from the blood was studied in calves in a nontolerant and in an endotoxin-tolerant state. Calves were rendered tolerant to the toxic effects of the endotoxin by four daily intravenous injections of endotoxin at the dose rate of 5 µg/kg body weight.

Clearance of a small amount of ⁵¹Cr-endotoxin from the blood of nontolerant calves was almost complete within three minutes of injection and was not significantly faster in tolerant calves. The lungs and liver were the major organs involved in clearance of endotoxin from the blood. The ⁵¹Cr label was slowly excreted by the kidneys. Neither platelets nor leukocytes were demonstrated to participate in endotoxin clearance in calves. ⁵¹CrCl₃ was injected into control calves. Relative to the distribution and loss of labelled endotoxin, the ⁵¹CrCl₃ was cleared slowly from the blood, was distributed uniformly throughout the body and was excreted rapidly.

     

Studies with Radioactive Endotoxin II. Clearance of 3H-Labelled Endotoxin from the Blood of Calves

The clearance of ³H-labelled Pseudomonas endotoxin from the blood was studied in a nontolerant and in an endotoxin tolerant state. Calves were rendered tolerant to the toxic effects of the endotoxin by four daily intravenous injections of endotoxin at the dose rate of 5 µg/kg body weight.

Clearance of ³H-endotoxin from the blood of nontolerant calves occurred more slowly than did clearance of ⁵¹Cr-endotoxin and was not significantly (P<0.05) affected by the development of tolerance. The lungs and liver were the major organs involved in the clearance of ³H-endotoxin from the blood of calves. Leukocytes and erythrocytes, but not platelets, were shown to participate in endotoxin clearance in calves. ³H₂O, the control substance used in calves, was not concentrated within any particular organ but rapidly equilibrated with total body water and was slowly excreted.

     

不同锌源对肉用仔鸡的饲养效果

主要研究以不同锌源对内仔鸡的生产性能和血液锌、胰脏锌,胫骨锌含量的影响,以验证固相合成蛋氨酸锌对肉用仔鸡的饲养效果.结果表明:相对于无机的硫酸锌,日粮中添加蛋氨酸锌能有效提高肉鸡的生产性能,提高胫骨中的锌含量;同时也表明液相合成蛋氨酸锌与固相合成蛋氨酸锌饲养效果相当.     

日粮镁对蛋雏鸡胫骨发育的影响

蛋雏鸡采用玉米 豆饼日粮 ,添加过量镁 (MgO) ,结果胫骨中镁含量增加 ,钙的含量降低 ,胫骨中钙 镁、磷 镁、钙 磷的比值减小 ,X光摄影 ,骨质疏松。电子显微镜检验 ,骨组织增生。机械力学法检测其鲜骨的最大抗压能力 ,胫骨抗压能力降低     

不同季节运输时间对雏鸡质量的影响

研究旨在通过对比不同季节运输时间长短对雏鸡7日龄伤亡率的影响,确定最适雏鸡运输时间,为孵化场管理提供参考。通过对80群40万只雏鸡的跟踪观察,发现雏鸡7日龄伤亡率由低到高的运输时间段排序为30~39.9 h、10~19.9 h、20~29.9 h、9.9 h内,运输时间30~39.9 h伤亡率显著低于9.9 h以内(P0.05);雏鸡7日龄伤亡率由低到高的季节排序为夏、秋、春、冬,夏季伤亡率显著低于冬季(P0.05);不同运输时间条件下,鸡1周龄体重、18周龄体重、0~18周龄平均死淘率、25周龄只鸡日耗料、25周龄只鸡产蛋等指标差异均不显著(P0.05)。     

黄芪多糖对雏鸡黏膜sIgA含量的影响研究

为研究黄芪多糖(APS)对雏鸡黏膜分泌型IgA(sIgA)分泌的影响,将240只7日龄雏鸡随机分为4组:Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ和C组,其中,Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组雏鸡于7日龄以灌服方式分别给予80 mg/mL、40 mg/mL、20 mg/mL APS液各0.2 mL,1次/d,连续5d,C组雏鸡以相同方式给予相同剂量的生理盐水,于14日龄采取滴口方式进行鸡传染性法氏囊病活疫苗免疫,在首次给药后1、3、5、7d以及疫苗免疫后7、14、21、28、35、42、49 d,每组随机抽取5只雏鸡,收集泪液后,心脏采血处死,快速收集气管液、肠液,采用间接ELISA检测sIgA含量结果显示,Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组雏鸡sIgA含量与C组差异显著(P＜0.05或P＜0.01),泪液中sIgA含量Ⅰ组雏鸡相对较高,气管液、肠液中sIgA含量Ⅲ组雏鸡相对较高,提示APS对雏鸡黏膜sIgA分泌有显著的促进作用.     

绵羊铅镉联合中毒的研究

研究了白银矿区周围绵羊以消瘦和贫血为主要特征的疾病。通过检测食物链系统及绵羊全血、被毛和组织器官中１３种矿物元素（Ｐｂ、Ｃｄ、Ｚｎ、Ｆｅ、Ｍｎ、Ｍｏ、Ｃｕ、Ｆ、Ａｓ、Ｓｅ、Ａｌ、Ｃａ、Ｐ）的含量，分析血液生理生化指标的变化，揭示出现地牧草中Ｐｂ、Ｃｄ的含量高，分别为（１１１．２±９８．４）μｇ／ｇ和（１２．０±１．２）μｇ／ｇ；动物体内的Ｐｂ、Ｃｄ沉积量亦极显著高于允许值（Ｐ＜０．０１）；动物呈低色素小细胞性贫血，血清ＬＤＨ、ＡＬＴ活性和Ｔ３含量显著升高（Ｐ＜０．０１），血清蛋白含量降低（Ｐ＜０．０１），以及实质器官变性、坏死，肾小管上皮细胞核包涵体等病理学特点。确认该病系工业环境污染所致的绵羊铅镉联合中毒     

雏鸡vAMV感染后淋巴细胞化学发光的变化

采用化学发光（ＣＬ）法测定雏鸡禽成髓细胞性白血病强毒（ｖＡＭＶ）感染后免疫器官淋巴细胞自由基产生水平的动态变化,结果表明雏鸡ｖＡＭＶ感染后淋巴细胞化学发光的变化不同于健康对照雏鸡,与ｖＡＭＶ致病过程直接相关。     

微生态制剂对AA肉仔鸡生长性能的影响

在3 000只刚出壳AA肉仔鸡的日粮中添加微生态制剂,观察其对肉鸡生长性能的影响。试验分为2组,每组1 500羽,对照组用添加抗生素的饲料饲养,试验组添加0.04%的微生态制剂,试验期均为7周。结果表明:试验组肉仔鸡21 d前白痢发生率明显低于对照组,成活率较对照组高6.10%;试验组肉仔鸡全期平均日增重、49 d平均体重均高于对照组,料重比、死淘率低于对照组;试验组上市肉鸡经检测,肉鸡胴体及内脏中无任何抗生素药物残留。     

单诺沙星对鸡败血支原体与大肠杆菌合并感染的药效学研究

采用试管二倍稀释法测得单诺沙星及其对照药物恩诺沙星、泰乐菌素对鸡败血支原体（MG）的最低抑菌浓度分别为0．0625、0.125、0.5mg/L。试验鸡每只左右气囊分别接种MG S6株菌液0.75ml、滴鼻约0.3ml，同时腹腔注射大肠杆菌菌液0.3ml,人工诱发鸡败血支原体与大肠杆菌合并感染的疾病模型。25、50、100mg/L的单诺沙星、500mg／L的恩诺沙星和500mg/L的泰乐菌素连续饮水5d给药，对人工合并感染鸡败血支原体与大肠杆菌病的治愈率分别为93.3%、96.6%、96.6%、93.3%、86.6%，而感染对照组的死亡率为23.3％。单诺沙星及其对照药物组的增重率显著高于感染对照组，并能极显著的降低感染鸡的死亡率、抗体反应阳性率、气囊损伤率及病原再分离率。     

Studies with Radioactive Endotoxin III. Localization of 3H-Labelled Endotoxin in the Formed Elements of the Blood and Detection of Endotoxin in Calf Blood with the Limulus Amebocyte Lysate

³H-labelled Pseudomonas endotoxin was incubated in vitro with blood from nontolerant and endotoxin tolerant calves. Formed elements were separated from serial samples of the incubated mixtures.

The labelled endotoxin became associated with neutrophils, monocytes, lymphocytes, platelets and erythrocytes. Association of ³H-endotoxin with formed elements of the blood occurred during the first five minutes of incubation and did not significantly change over the course of a three hour incubation period. Tolerance did not result in increased uptake of ³H-endotoxin by formed elements of the blood. Tolerance of calves to endotoxin is apparently not due to increased uptake of endotoxin by formed elements of the blood.

The Limulus amebocyte lysate assay was unreliable for the detection of endotoxin which was present in calf blood in vitro and requires further modification.

     

日粮中添加柠檬酸对肉鸡生产性能的影响

将36只21日龄的艾维茵仔鸡,随机分成6组(第一组为对照组),试验采用玉米-豆饼型基础日粮,各组日粮柠檬酸添加水平分别是0、0.15%、0.25%、0.5%、1%、2%,试验期5周,研究了日粮柠檬酸水平对肉仔鸡生产性能的影响.结果表明,日粮中添加0.25%的柠檬酸,鸡增重最快;添加2%柠檬酸,可显著降低肉鸡增重;添加0.15%、0.25%柠檬酸.鸡的饲料报酬最高.添加柠檬酸对日粮有机物质的消化率有显著影响,其中添加0.25%柠檬酸鸡的蛋白质消化率最高.因此认为,日粮添加0.25%柠檬酸为适宜添加量,添加2%柠檬酸为其最大耐受量.     

西咪替丁对鸡新城疫疫苗免疫效果的影响

进行了两个实验:实验一观察药物对鸡ND疫苗初次免疫的影响,结果显示7日龄高母源抗体(9.36log2)雏鸡免疫ND活疫苗前用药,10mg/kg西咪替丁用药鸡免疫后7～14d、100mg/kg西咪替丁用药鸡免疫后7～28d,抗体滴度明显升高;10mg/kg左旋咪唑用药鸡免疫后7～21d,抗体滴度与未用药对照组无明显差别,但28d抗体滴度明显高于未用药对照组。免疫后用药,10mg/kg西咪替丁用药后7d,抗体滴度明显高于空白对照组;用药后14d,各用药组抗体滴度与空白对照组无明显差别;用药后21d,10、100mg/kg西咪替丁和10mg/kg左旋咪唑用药鸡抗体滴度均明显高于空白对照组。实验二观察药物对ND疫苗二次免疫的影响,结果显示10、100mg/kg西咪替丁用药ND疫苗二次免疫后7～28d,鸡血清抗NDV抗体滴度明显高于未用药对照组。10mg/kg左旋咪唑用药组,疫苗二次免疫后7～28d,抗体滴度也明显升高。     

内毒素血症对大鼠肠黏膜杯状细胞的影响

本研究选用39只140~150g SPF级SD大鼠作为动物内毒素血症模型,运用组织学常规HE染色和PAS染色技术,采取定性、定位和定量相结合的方法,通过观察不同试验组大鼠肠黏膜杯状细胞(GC)的数量和分布的动态变化来探讨内毒素(ET)对肠道黏膜免疫系统的影响。结果表明,ET能够破坏肠道黏膜的正常结构,影响肠黏膜的正常功能,同时能够在不同程度上降低GC数量,从而破坏肠道黏膜免疫系统。