高粱——苏丹草杂交种的选育利用和问题

高粱和苏丹草之间的杂种优势十分明显,在生长状况,株高、叶长、叶宽、单株鲜重、分蘖等产量性状方面,Ｆ１均高于双亲平均值,甚至高于或接近于高亲。经多年试验,高粱－苏丹草杂交种的单位面积产量可显著高于苏丹草,适应范围出很广。经分析,它的营养品系与苏丹草相近,在适口性方面甚至优于苏丹草。但由于高粱－苏丹草杂交种目前尚处试验阶段,因此一些试点失败了,但大多属栽培管理不当所致,而不是“品种”本身所造成。因此可     

高粱×苏丹草杂交种品种选育与饲用价值CSCD

高粱×苏丹草杂交种(Sorghum bicolor×S.sudanense)是以收获地上营养体(茎、叶)为主要目标的一类高粱属饲用作物,其饲草品质好、抗性强、生产潜力大。本文综述了高粱野生近缘种的利用及高粱×苏丹草杂交种品种的选育现状与饲用价值,指出高粱野生近缘种在选育饲草高粱方面具有重要利用价值;利用高粱细胞质雄性不育系与苏丹草种间杂交是选育高粱×苏丹草杂交种的主要途径;我国开展高粱×苏丹草杂交种育种研究起步虽晚,但成果显著,已选育出众多品质优良品种;褐色中脉(brown midrib)高粱×苏丹草杂交种木质素含量低、饲用消化率高,但如何解决木质素引起的产量降低是褐色中脉品种选育需要解决的问题;高粱×苏丹草杂交种青饲与青贮后饲喂都具有很高的饲用价值。     

高粱—苏丹草杂交种的应用可行性研究及其选育

利用生产上推广的６个粒用高粱杂交种和４个高粱杂交种为对照,与随机组配的１５个高粱－苏丹草杂交种进行比较。结果表明,高粱－苏丹草杂交种做饲用生产能力上仅次于甜高粱杂交种,但在早熟优质等若干特性上优于甜高粱,有些组合还高于甜高粱杂交种的生产能力。该类型杂交种干物质及绿色体的日生产能力高于甜杂２号２１．１％和４１．２％,原因是杂最高。     

新型饲草高梁--晋草1号

晋草1号为禾本科饲草,是由山西省农业科学院高粱研究所利用高粱A3细胞质雄性不育系为母本,苏丹草为父本,组配而成的高粱与苏丹草杂交种。晋草1号属高光效作物,它的再生力强,生物产量高,抗逆性强,适应范围广。在我国高粱春播早熟区、中晚熟区、夏播区均可种植。在江淮流域种植一     

北京中种草业有限公司牧草品种介绍 饲用高粱苏丹草杂交种——标兵(Pace Maker)

饲用高粱 (Sorghumbicolor(L.)moench )和苏丹草(SorghumSudanese(Piper)Stapf.)均属于禾本科高粱属 ,但却是两个不同的种类 ,它们都是非常重要的暖季型一年生牧草 ,在世界各国广泛种植。其中 ,苏丹草是渔业生产中用量最大的夏季饲草之一 ,被称为“养鱼青饲料之王”。二者在亲缘关系上虽有一定距离 ,但却没有明显的生殖隔离 ,所以能够自由授粉 ,并且能产生发育正常的杂交后代。标兵就是饲用高粱和苏丹草的杂交种 ,有机地结合了二者的优点 ,鲜草产量远高于苏丹草 ,再生和分蘖能力又大大高于饲用高粱 ,分枝较多 ,可进行多次刈割或放牧利用 …     

高粱-苏丹草杂交种研究与利用前景

高粱、苏丹草杂种优势非常明显，杂交种产量高、品质好、抗逆性强、具有较好的适应性、在畜牧、水产养殖业及资源利用与环境保护上有着广阔的开发利用前景，大力发展高粱－苏丹草杂交种生产顺序经济发展大趋势，对21世纪我国农业的可持续发展具有深远的意义。     

高粱属及狼尾草属饲草杂交种引种试验

通过对高粱属及狼尾草属10个牧草杂交种,分高丹草Sorghum bicolor×S.sundanense,苏丹草S.sudanense和狼尾草Pennisetum alopecuroides 3个组进行鲜草产量试验和各项性状测定,初步筛选出鲜草产量高,综合性状好的4个品种.     

介绍“皖草2号”高粱——苏丹草杂交种

高粱和苏丹草之间存在强大的杂种优势,二者之间不存在遗传障碍,因此少数科学技术比较发达的国家,早在70年代就已开始在生产上加以利用。我们从80年代初开始进行这方面的研究,几经周折,终于在1998年育成了“皖草2号”高粱——苏丹草杂交种,并通过了国家牧草品种审定委员会的审定。它具有下列特点:     

42份高粱与苏丹草及其2个杂交种DNA指纹图谱的构建

选用100个RAPD引物和95对SSR引物进行PCR扩增,旨在构建42份高粱和苏丹草品种资源及2份国审品种高粱-苏丹草杂交种的DNA指纹图谱。结果表明,从100个RAPD引物中筛选到9个多态性高、重复性好的引物,多态性条带比率为64.06%,利用4个核心RAPD引物可以为每份品种构建1张特定的数字指纹,并通过其中1个引物F-01构建了1张能鉴别2个杂交种的RAPD指纹图谱,不过该图谱不能区别皖草3号与其父本Sa。从95对SSR引物中筛选出多态性丰富的引物73对,多态性条带比率为86.06%,通过3对核心SSR引物就可以构建42份高粱和苏丹草的SSR数字指纹,同时利用其中1对SSR引物txp18,寻找到2个杂交种的互补带,从而构建了2个高粱-苏丹草杂交种的SSR指纹图谱,这张SSR指纹图谱不仅能鉴别皖草2号和3号,还可以把杂交种与其亲本区别开来。     

苏丹草高产种植技术

苏丹草为禾本科高粱属多年生牧草,因不耐霜冻,一般作为一年生牧草种植。苏丹草适应性强,耐干旱,分蘖多,再生迅速,产量高,一般亩产10000公斤以上;它喜热,易栽种,宜与黑麦草轮种;它营养价值高,饲喂草食性鱼类,20～25公斤可长鱼1公斤,被渔农称为“渔用饲草之王”,其种植面积占渔用饲草种植面积的70%左右。下面简介其高产种植技术。苏丹草对土壤的要求不高,砂土、粘土均可栽种,但以肥沃的粘质黑土种植产量最高,贫瘠过瘦的土壤与沼泽地不宜种植。苏丹草的根系发达,整个生长期间要从土壤中吸取大量的养分。种植苏丹草要深翻土,细整地,     

Disease and destiny-mystery and mastery

When early people made their appearance, zoonotic infectious diseases were already waiting, but epidemic diseases did not appear in human history until people began to live in large numbers under conditions of close contact, mainly during the last 10,000 years. Disease has decimated urban populations, conquered armies, and disrupted society. The focus here is on (1) the plague of Athens and the Black Death; (2) smallpox, influenza, and rabies; (3) avian influenza prion diseases, and foot & mouth disease; and (4) emerging and re-emerging diseases. All have veterinary public health associations. In Athens, Greece, in 430 BC, when the Spartans ravaged the countryside, hordes crowded into Athens so that orderly movements, space in which to live, and adequate supplies of food became impossible. Crowding of any population fosters disease transmission; chaos and disorder enhance it all the more. Out of northern Egypt came a terrible plague from across the Mediterranean Sea. The identity of the plague of Athens remains unsure, but the well-considered conclusion is Rift Valley Fever, a mosquito borne, viral zoonosis. The Black Death, also called the Plague, raged in Asia for centuries. In 1347, the Black Death was brought by a ship out of Asia to Sicily. The scenes of devastation were repeated throughout Europe, with 90% or more of the people dying in city after city. Influenza, too, has been a cause of periodic human epidemics, but the great pandemic of influenza occurred in the last months of World War I. In the years of highest occurrence, more than half the world's population became clinically infected. If veterinary public health had been born earlier, it could have led to elucidating the epidemiology of influenza and the plagues of Athens, Europe, and Asia. In turn, smallpox had also caused continual tragedy. In 1796, Edward Jenner began to harvest pustules of cowpox from children or infected cows and inject them into susceptible children. In 1980, the World Health Organization declared that smallpox had been eliminated from the world. Rabies, though, still strikes terror. A number of animal diseases, broadly termed emerging and re-emerging diseases, need surveillance because they have the potential to impact human health. From late in 2003 to 2007, the highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza virus in poultry infected at least 121 people and caused 62 deaths in four countries. The prion diseases, too, all have very high numbers in concentrated contacts. To control these diseases, veterinary public health is essential, with diagnosis, epidemiological surveillance, clinical manifestations, and prevention as primary measures.     

Foot and mouth disease and bluetongue: differences and similarities

On 26th of july 2007 a new case of bluetongue was notified in the Netherlands and on 2nd of august 2007 foot-and-mouth disease was diagnosed in Surrey, England, which raised the threat of having both infections simultaniously in one area. Bluetongue and foot-and-mouth disease have a different pathogenesis, but symptoms may resemble each other at a later stage of infection. The pathogenesis and possible clinical symptoms of both infections are discussed and illustrated with pictures.     

德国荷兰畜禽产品质量安全交流与启示

2018年岁末,笔者有幸赴德国和荷兰,就畜产品质量安全控制及检测技术等进行了短期交流,收获颇丰,现具体介绍如下。一、交流情况德国面积35.73万平方千米,人口约8175.2万,是欧盟人口最多的国家,农业发达,机械化程度很高。德国的畜牧业以猪、牛、羊和禽类为主,畜牧业产值占农业生产总值的61%。德国虽然农业比重很小,但却是有机农业运动最早的发起国,也是目前世界上有机农产品生产与消费大国。     

奶牛肢蹄病及其防治

简介常见奶牛肢蹄病种类及其症状,从日粮营养、运动场地面结构、环境卫生、饲养管理、遗传育种、疾病管理等方面简析奶牛肢蹄病的病因,并提出相应的预防措施。     

畜禽物种多样性及其保护和利用

文章就我国畜禽物种多样性资源的现状、保护和利用等方面进行阐述,为生态脆弱的喀斯特地区畜牧业可持续发展提供参考。     

马的咽气癖及其防制措施研究进展

在动物的异常行为中以刻板行为最为常见,而咽气癖又是马最常见的口部刻板行为之一。作者就咽气癖在生理方面和心智方面对马体产生的影响、行为基础、诱因的研究进展及常见的防治措施进行综述。     

国内外蛋氨酸与赖氨酸市场分析与展望

近几年,世界饲用添加剂市场增长较快,预计今后将进一步增长,据世界粮农组织(FAO)首领会议的倡议,到2015年,将使世界营养不良的人口削减一半,其间,肉制品将会以每年2％的速度增长,特别是加快猪肉和禽肉增长。这将促进世界添加剂,尤其是蛋氨酸和赖氨酸需求量的增加。     

牛羊焦虫病诊断与防治技术

近几年来,辽宁省牛羊饲养业迅速发展,焦虫病的危害越来越明显,已成为危害牛羊的主要疾病之一。为了提高牛羊焦虫病的防治水平,保证我省牛羊饲养业的健康发展,笔者在参阅文献和同行们诊疗经验的基础上,结合自己的治疗实践,详细阐述了我省牛羊焦虫病近几年的流行特点和诊断防治方法。