皖南红壤丘陵茶园土壤养分与根际微生物活动的关系

通过对皖南红壤丘陵茶园200多个土样分析,结果表明,土壤养分含量的高低与茶树生长及产量呈正相关,根际微生物区系组成和数量与茶园土壤养分关系极为密切。茶园铺草后,根际土壤微生物丰富,土壤养分提高,0—20厘米耕作层根际与根外的肥力差异缩小,因而有明显改善土壤供肥状况的效果。通过合理的茶园管理措施,达到气候——微生物——茶园生态环境条件的相对稳定,土壤养分才有保证,提高茶叶产量和品质才有物质基础。     

高山生态茶园建设技术的实践与探讨

高山生态茶园建设应遵循茶叶的生产特点与生态间的相关性,尽可能的营造适宜于茶叶生长的环境条件。从建园做起,合理规划,标准建园,加强基础设施建设,营造防护林、套种绿肥,增施有机肥,优化病虫害防治技术,改善茶园生态环境,减少水土流失,提高茶叶品质,提高茶产业效益,取得显著成效。     

有机茶生产必须十分重视茶园绿肥

茶园绿肥是我国传统有机农业中茶叶生产的重要措施。它所具有的优点,如提高土壤养分,活化土壤,增加土壤有机质,提高土壤肥力,增加茶园生物多样性,改善茶园生态环境,防止水土流失,抑止杂草生长等,是化肥、普通农家肥、商品性有机肥及各种生物菌肥都无法相比的。因此,国家对茶园绿肥十分重视,农业部颁布的无公害茶、绿色食品茶及有机茶生产标准中都把发展茶园绿肥作为解决山区肥源不足和提高土壤肥力的重要措施。     

茶园土壤管理技术：谈谈优质高产茶园的土壤条件

“土地是财富之母”。土壤是茶叶高产优质的物质基础。通常讲茶树营养主要是指茶树根部营养,而与根部营养密切相关的则是茶园土壤环境,“好土产好茶”。日本研究认为土壤全氮、腐殖质高的茶园,茶叶品质好;对土壤物理性质较差的茶园,用鼓风机送风和埋设多孔管的暗沟排水,以改善土壤的通气性和排水性,能提高茶叶品质。湖     

三种茶园绿肥的生产试验

正茶园间作绿肥是茶叶生产的重要措施,它具有提高土壤养分和有机质含量,增加茶园生物多样性,改善茶园生态环境,防止水土流失,抑制杂草生长等优点。普洱市现有茶园143.66万亩,正大力建设生态茶园,种植茶园绿肥对普洱市生态茶园建设有重要意义。为了向广大茶农提供优良的绿肥品种和种植技术,2011年在云南普洱茶树良种场的幼龄茶园中进行绿肥种植试验,现将结果总结如下。一、绿肥品种及试验方法2011年选取大叶千斤拔、光萼猪屎豆、望江南三个绿肥     

生态茶园植物对铅污染土壤修复的潜力

生态茶园是目前茶树种植的新模式。它的优势是实现茶树种植与生态环境之间的平衡,不仅能够改善土壤性能,还能够提升茶叶产量与茶叶的营养价值。近些年来,生态茶园的相关研究更加深入,生态茶园植物对土壤的修复能力也逐渐成为了业内研究的重点。借助生态茶园的优势和作用,恢复铅污染土壤,提升土壤肥力,推动土壤资源的优化配置。本文针对生态茶园植物对铅污染土的修复潜力进行几方面分析。     

"三炬"生物有机肥在有机茶园肥效试验初探

在有机茶园茶龄4年茗科1号(金观音)茶园开展生物有机肥的肥效比较试验,3种施肥方式为套种绿肥圆叶决明、施鸡粪和三炬生物有机肥.结果显示:施用三炬生物有机肥的茶树秋茶新稍比套种圆叶决明的增长6.36%,比施用鸡粪增长2.22%,每亩的产量172.3 kg,高于套种圆叶决明和施用鸡粪的产量分别为129、160 kg,3个处理亩产量差异不显著;在茶叶的3个理化品质即水浸出物、粗纤维和茶多酚方面,施用三炬生物有机肥的秋茶的水浸出物含量为39.6%、茶多酚含量为15.5%,低于施用鸡粪的42.9%和16.8%,位居第二,粗纤维含量为8.8%最小,低于施用鸡粪的含量9.6%和套种绿肥的含量15.8%.试验结果表明施用三炬生物有机肥有利于茶树生长,提高茶叶产量和理化品质,可供有机茶园施肥选择施用.     

草种组合套种对山地茶园土壤性状及茶叶品质的影响

通过田间试验,以不套种处理作为对照,研究组合套种平托花生与百喜草,单独套种平托花生对山地茶园土壤性状和茶叶品质的影响.结果表明:山地茶园组合套种平托花生与百喜草有效降低土壤温度、保持旱季土壤容重和自然含水量、提高土壤综合肥力、增加土壤微生物群落数量、改善鲜叶品质和提高毛茶感官审评品质.组合套种较对照明显降低0～20 cm土层温度达20％以上;显著(p＜0.05)提高0～20 cm土层中PH、有机质、全氮、碱解氮、速效钾;显著提高20～40 cm土层的有机质、全氮;有效增加土壤细菌159.64倍、真菌5.63倍、放线菌1.76倍、固氮菌37.10倍;新稍长度和百芽重极显著(p＜0.01)提高.鲜叶品质和绿茶毛茶感官审评得分得到提升.因此,山地茶园组合套种平托花生和百喜草对改善茶园土壤性状和茶叶品质效果相对更佳,值得在生产上推广.     

套种圆叶决明改善茶园生态环境促进茶树生长

针对福建丘陵山地茶园普遍面临的土壤退化,季节性干旱严重、生态组分简单、生态环境恶化等生态问题,结合目前茶园管理模式,以常规清耕茶园(定期锄草)为对照,研究行间套种豆科绿肥闽引圆叶决明(Chamaecrista rotundifolia ‘minyin’)对茶园温湿度、土壤理化性状、茶树生长等的影响。结果表明:与清耕茶园相比,套种圆叶决明显著提高茶园土壤有机质、速效氮、速效磷含量(P<0.05),其中土壤速效氮含量增加57.78 mg/kg;在夏季高温干旱时期,套种圆叶决明茶园土壤含水量(0~20 cm土层)显著提高(P<0.05),达21.84%,空气温度日变化幅度降低5.1℃,空气湿度日均值显著提高3.9%;同时显著提高夏茶氨基酸及茶水浸出物含量(P<0.05)。茶园套种圆叶决明能有效改善茶园土壤质量及光、温、湿等小气候条件,表明该品种是一种适宜山地茶园推广利用的优良绿肥。     

茶肥1号埋青对茶园土壤的生态效应研究

茶肥1号是生长量大,含N量高的绿肥,施用茶肥1号可以改良茶园土壤的理化性质,改善土壤生态环境,有利于茶园土壤固C和茶树根系的生长。     

豫北优质大豆产业发展策略

针对豫北地区的大豆生产现状，从气候、土壤、品种、生态因素及市场需求等方面提出了优质大豆的发展策略与途径。     

湖南沅陵4种绿茶品质成分分析

以长沙县高桥相同嫩度茶鲜叶原料采用卷曲形毛尖茶加工工艺制绿茶为对照,分别对沅陵县齐眉翠峰、凤娇碣滩茶、干发茶和军大坪茶4种绿茶的主要生化成分与感官品质进行初步分析。结果表明,沅陵4种绿茶的茶多酚总量28.76%~30.34%,游离氨基酸总量2.35%~3.22%,咖啡碱含量3.00%~3.63%,水浸出物含量37.26%~40.07%,可溶性糖总量5.46%~5.65%,可溶性蛋白含量1.50%~1.74%,类黄酮化合物总量1.16%~1.79%,叶绿素总量1.36%~2.01%,儿茶素总量13.53%~16.20%。与对照相比,4种绿茶的茶多酚、可溶性糖和儿茶素总量均高于对照,除齐眉翠峰外其余3种茶样水浸出物和叶绿素总量均高于对照,除干发茶外其余3种茶样类黄酮化合物总量均高于对照。     

Analysis of nutritional components of eight famine foods of the Republic of Niger

In the western Sahel, indigenous plants become important staples when cereal harvests are inadequate to support populations inhabiting that region of Africa. The purpose of this study was to assess the nutrient content of several of these edible wild plants. The leaves of the following seven plant foods were analyzed: Ziziphus mauritiana, Cerathotheca sesamoides, Moringa oleifera, Leptadenia hastata, Hibiscus sabdarifa, Amaranthus viridi, and Adansonia digitata. The fatty acid, vitamin E, carotenoid, selected mineral and amino acid contents of these plant foods were determined. These same analyses were performed on the fruit of the Adansonia digitata. In quantitative and qualitative terms, Amaranthus viridis was found to be an excellent source of protein. Its amino acid composition compared favorably to that of a World Health Organization (WHO) protein standard. It also contained considerable amounts of the two fatty acids that are essential in humans (linoleic and -linolenic) and a number of minerals including iron, magnesium, calcium and zinc. The leaves of Hibiscus sabdarifa contained an appreciable quantity of protein the composition of which was comparable to the WHO standard. The mineral content of the leaves of this plant was also exceptionally high; noteworthy was its high zinc content. H. sabdarifa also contained significant quantities of the two essential fatty acids. Ziziphus mauritiana was an excellent source of the essential fatty acid linoleic acid and several of the metals including iron, calcium, magnesium and zinc. Its content of other essential nutrients, however, was rather low. In general, Adansonia digitata leaves were nutritionally superior to the fruit of the tree; however, the fruit did contain useful quantities of potassium, phosphorus, zinc and -linolenic acid. The Leptadenia hastata leaves were an especially good source of lutein and -carotene. These data should be useful to the people who inhabit the western Sahel in helping them devise healthy diets during times when cereal staples are in short supply.     

狗牙根诱变后代抗寒性评价

通过电解质外渗法和匍匐茎恢复试验对‘阳江’狗牙根及其12个通过形态鉴定选出的坪用价值高且花序密度低的诱变后代进行抗寒性鉴定。电解质外渗法结果表明:诱变后代间的抗寒性具有较大差异,其叶片半致死温度(LT₅₀)的变异范围为-7.6～-0.2℃(最低值与最大值相差7.4℃);参试材料抗寒性由强到弱依次为M18>M4>M26>M28> M22>阳江>M29>M31>M10>M37>M16>M1>M25,其中,有5个诱变后代抗寒性优于亲本,分别是M18、M4、M26、M28、M22。匍匐茎恢复实验结果表明:诱变后代M1、M22、M26、M31、M25在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫后的恢复生长率都高于亲本,恢复能力均优于亲本;M10、M37、M28在-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长能力低于亲本,抗寒性相对较弱,M16和M4在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长率都低于亲本,抗寒性明显弱于亲本。综合2种方法鉴定结果显示:诱变后代M1、M25的恢复能力较强;M4、M28的叶片抗寒性较好,青绿期较长;M22、M18、M26的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较强;M29,M31的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力与亲本相似;M10、M16、M37的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较弱,整体抗寒性较弱。     

吉林省平安农业科学院大豆所大豆研究工作报告

1　吉林省平安农业科学院大豆研究工作简介吉林省平安农业科学院大豆研究所 ,设在吉林省长春市西安大路种子大厦内。现有科技人员 6人 ,其中研究员 2人 ,农艺师 2人 ,技术员 2人 ,定向培养研究生 2人。大豆研究所的主要任务是选育稳产、高产、优质及抗病虫大豆新品种 ;同时密切     

Comparisons of methods of scheduling irrigations of potatoes

Irrigation of Netted Gem potatoes was scheduled during three growing seasons by three methods: (a) when plants displayed first visual symptoms of moisture stress, (b) when indicated by a soil moisture budget involving estimated evapotranspiration, and (c) on the basis of tensiometer readings of soil moisture suction. When the tensiometer method of scheduling was used, the mean yields of tubers were 55.0 and 25.8 cwt/acre (6160 and 2890 kg/ha) higher than those obtained with the other two scheduling methods. Methods did not affect the specific gravity of potatoes. Method (a) scheduled irrigations least frequently. Scheduling by the budget method was not always adequate because it was based on the assumption that the crop extracted water from a constant 4 ft (1.2 m) profile from planting to full vegetative growth. In one year the budget method scheduled the first irrigation earlier than necessary and delayed the second irrigation during a critical period of crop growth. From full vegetative cover to harvest the irrigation schedules were alike for both the budget and tensiometer methods.     

Comparison of two methods of PCNB application for control of Rhizoctonia infection of potatoes

A broadcast application of PCNB (Terraclor) resulted in a reasonably uniform distribution of the chemical in the soil with the concentration decreasing in a linear fashion with increasing depth in the soil profile. A banded application resuluted in a considerably higher chemical concentration at the 4–6 inch depth than at the 0–2 or the 2–4 inch depths. The problem of the lack of uniformity of chemical distribution could probably be solved by altering nozzle placement and size and allow use of the band method of application to minimize grower cost. More complete disking in the case of the broadcast treatment would probably result in a relatively uniform distribution of the chemical but at higher cost to the grower. PCNB application rates of 10, 15 and 25 lbs per acre broadcast and 71/2, 10 and 121/2 lbs per acre in a band significantly reduced the severity ofRhizoctonia infection of Russet Burbank potatoes but did not increase potato yields significantly.     

Prediction of the digestibility of the diet of horses: evaluation of faecal indices

Data from in vivo digestibility trial with four to six horses fed twenty-seven forage-based diets are used to calculate prediction equations for the digestibility of dry and organic matter, based on the crude ash (CA), crude protein (CP) and crude fibre (CF) contents of diets and faeces. The most precise prediction of dry-matter digestibility (r.s.d. = 0.032, R²= 0.80) was derived from a multiple regression including faecal (CP, CF) and dietary parameters (CF). Among faecal parameters, CP was the best single predictor of both digestibility (r.s.d) = 0.040, r²= 0.63) and dietary CP content (r.s.d = 0.028, r²= 0.59). For biological reasons we propose a non-linear model that allows prediction of dry- and organic-matter digestibility from faecal CP Content with reasonable Precision (r.s.d = 0.038, 0.036, r²= 0.65, 0.74, respectively). This will be adequate for many studies, especially for free-living animals in rangelands.     

橡胶树丛枝病病原的抗血清制备与应用

以感染橡胶树丛枝病病原的长春花为材料,制备得到橡胶丛枝病病原菌抽提液,以抽提液为抗原免疫家兔,制备抗血清,经微量沉淀测定,抗血清效价为１：２０４８。应用橡胶丛枝病抗血清检测橡胶褐皮病,无症苗木检出率达３０％－３７％,可疑的褐皮病树检出率达８５．７％。