基于AHP-熵权法的生鲜农产品冷链物流安全评价

为提高生鲜农产品质量和优化资源配置,本文以生鲜农产品冷链物流为研究客体,构建了考虑仓储、运输、包装、配送、搬运的生鲜农产品冷链物流安全评价指标体系;并采用AHP法与熵权法相结合的综合赋权法,对综合评价指标的权重进行确定;在此基础上运用模糊物元法对生鲜农产品物流安全进行综合评价;同时选择常州某市场的4家冷链物流商为研究对象进行实证分析。结果表明,在该评价指标体系中,权重较高的评价指标排名对综合排名有重要影响,冷链物流商家应重点关注权重较高的指标并提高其相应能力。     

生鲜农产品冷链物流车辆配送路径优化研究

针对生鲜农产品易变质、易腐蚀的特性,探索冷链物流配送路径的优化方法。首先通过对固定成本、运输成本、货损成本、惩罚成本和能耗成本的研究,建立了以总成本最小为目标函数的农产品冷链物流车辆配送路径优化模型,然后采用改进的蚁群算法对模型进行设计,最后通过实例分析,运用MATLAB软件编写算法程序,求解结果验证了设计的模型的合理性和可行性。     

服务供应链视角下生鲜农产品品质不确定性因素研究

从服务供应链视角构建生鲜农产品服务供应链,将其作为农产品供应链的子链,利用系统分析的方法得出在服务供应链中影响生鲜农产品品质的不确定性因素,根据管理决策行为能否抑制不确定性因素对生鲜农产品的消极影响,将不确定性因素划分为可控不确定性因素和不可控不确定性因素。利用灰色关联分析得出影响生鲜农产品品质的关键可控不确定性因素,并从生鲜农产品流通渠道、冷链设施设备的投入、物流标准化、政府对质量的监管力度等方面提出控制策略,保障生鲜农产品质量安全。     

生鲜农产品冷链物流效率评价研究

以我国31个省区市为研究对象,使用2012—2019年面板数据,运用三阶段DEA模型测算我国生鲜农产品冷链物流效率。结果表明:我国生鲜农产品冷链物流效率呈逐年上升趋势,大部分地区生鲜农产品冷链物流产业处于规模效率递增阶段;信息化水平、基础设施建设水平、对外开放程度,以及创新发展水平对投入指标的松弛变量产生了显著的影响;华中、华东、华北和华南地区的生鲜农产品冷链物流效率高于全国平均水平,东北、西南和西北低于全国平均水平;规模效率是制约生鲜农产品冷链物流效率提高的最主要因素。针对上述结果提出了相应的对策建议,可为国家或地方政府制定冷链物流产业发展政策提供决策依据与参考。     

不同保鲜模式对生鲜农产品供应链系统利润的影响分析

针对消费者对生鲜农产品保鲜要求高但企业保鲜意识不足的问题,研究了不同保鲜模式对生鲜农产品供应链系统利润的影响。采用迭代关系表示生鲜农产品新鲜度,依据成员是否保鲜将保鲜模式分为8类,构建不同保鲜模式下的生鲜农产品供应链系统利润模型,并求解不同保鲜模式下生鲜农产品供应链系统的最优决策参数和利润,分析影响供应链系统利润的因素,最后通过数值算例验证模型结论。研究表明,供应链系统三者(生产商、分销商、零售商)均保鲜时利润最大,降低成本或者降低运输时间均可使供应链系统的订货量和利润上升。     

基于DEA的我国生鲜农产品冷链物流空间效率测度及提升策略研究

通过测度我国生鲜农产品冷链物流空间效率,对全国31省市生鲜农产品冷链效率差异进行分析,对提升农产品冷链物流效率提出对策建议。以全国31个省市为分析对象,采集2017—2021年面板数据,利用DEA 3.0从静态和动态两个维度对我国各省市农产品冷链物流空间效率进行测度,构建CCR模型和BCC模型分析静态效率,利用Malmquist指数分析动态效率。结果表明：我国整体冷链物流效率水平较高,但距离DEA效率前沿面还存在一定差距,各地区冷链物流效率呈现出空间差异性,技术进步变化对全要素生产力有显著推动作用。提出要提升农产品冷链物流效率各地区需结合实际情况,加大政府规划指引,促进冷链物流技术革新,培养冷链物流技术人才,提高冷链物流管理水平,促进我国农产品冷链物流协调发展。     

生鲜农产品冷链流通的保鲜原理及发展意义

从低温对微生物的生长发育、生鲜农产品在流通过程中的呼吸代谢及高温与低温伤害的控制作用等方面,介绍了生鲜农产品冷链流通的保鲜原理。并从产品质量与安全及环境污染问题的改善、提高我国生鲜农产品的国内外市场竞争力等方面分析了我国发展生鲜农产品冷链流通的意义。     

冷链中生鲜农产品物流的现状及其策略

生鲜农产品是人们生活中重要的食物来源,而冷链生鲜农产品物流作为一个庞大的系统工程,需要更高的组织协调性。文章针对目前我国生鲜农产品物流发展水平不高,存在着个体农户分散生产和加工能力低、装备落后、物流成本高等问题,提出了促进我国冷链中生鲜农产品物流的发展策略。     

基于GM(1,1)回归模型的生鲜农产品市场需求预测研究

为实现对生鲜农产品市场需求的精确预测,本文分析了国民经济、政策投资、物流行业及市场消费等影响生鲜农产品市场需求的因素,构建了影响生鲜农产品市场需求的关键指标体系,建立了基于GM(1,1)回归的预测优化模型,并以天津市为例进行实证研究,最后得到未来十年天津市生鲜农产品产量预测值,以期为未来生鲜农产品市场科学合理化决策提供参考。     

生鲜农产品减压冷藏链新模式的探讨

现行的生鲜农产品冷藏链是以冷为线,主要将预冷、贮藏、运输、货架等技术设备串接在一起、加上信息化技术形成的链条。随着社会的发展和人们对生鲜农产品品质期望值的提升,现有的冷链面临完善与更新的挑战。减压冷藏技术是近半个世纪发展起来的高新技术,其对生鲜农产品的保鲜效果远远优于现行单纯的冷藏技术。本文探讨将减压冷藏技术应用于现代冷链物流的可行性、必要性与可实现性,并提出生鲜农产品减压冷藏链的新模式。     

Biological Activity and Quantification of Suspected Allelochemicals from Alfalfa Plant Parts

Autotoxicity restricts reseeding of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) after alfalfa until autotoxic chemical(s) breaks down or is dispersed into external environments. A series of aqueous extracts from leaves, stems, roots and seeds of alfalfa ‘Vernal’ were bioassayed against alfalfa seedlings of the same cultivar to determine their autotoxicity. The highest inhibition was found in the extracts from the leaves. Extracts at 40 g dry tissue l^?1 from alfalfa leaves were 15.4, 17.5 and 28.7 times more toxic to alfalfa root growth than were those from roots, stems and seeds, respectively. A high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis with nine standard compounds showed that the concentrations and compositions of allelopathic compounds depended on the plant parts. In leaf extracts that showed the most inhibitory effect on root growth, the highest amounts of allelochemicals were detected. Among nine phenolic compounds assayed for their phytotoxicity on root growth of alfalfa, coumarin, trans‐cinnamic acid and o‐coumaric acid at 10^?3 m were most inhibitory. The type and amount of causative allelochemicals found in alfalfa plant parts were highly correlated with the results of the bioassay, indicating that the autotoxic effects of alfalfa plant parts significantly differed.     

Changes in Seed Yield and Quality with Maturity in Onion (Allium cepa L., cv. 'Early Cream Gold')

Development of onion (Allium cepa L., cv. ‘Early Cream Gold’) seed under cool climate conditions in Tasmania, Australia occurred over a longer duration than previously reported, but similar patterns of change in yield components were recorded. In contrast to previous studies, umbel moisture content declined from 85 to 67 % over 57 days while seed moisture content decreased from 85 to 31 %. Seed yield continued to increase over the duration of crop development, with increasing seed weight compensating for seed loss resulting from capsule dehiscence in the later stages of maturation. Germination percentage was high and did not vary significantly from 53 to 77 days after full bloom (DAF), but mean germination time declined and uniformity of germination increased significantly over the same time period. The percentage abnormal seedlings declined with later harvest date, resulting in highest seed quality at 77 DAF. The results of this study suggest that the decision to harvest cool climate onion seed crops before capsule dehiscence will result in a loss of potential seed yield and quality.     

Location of a high-lysine gene and the DDT-resistance gene on barley chromosome 7

Summary The high-lysine gene in Risø mutant 1508 conditions an increased lysine content in the endosperm via a changed protein composition, a decreased seed size, and several other characters of the seed. The designation lys3a, lys3b, and lys3c, is proposed for the allelic high-lysine genes in three Risø mutants, nos 1508, 18, and 19. Linkage studies with translocations locate the lys3 locus in the centromere region of chromosome 7. A linkage study involving the loci lys3 and ddt (resistance to DDT) together with the marker loci fs (fragile stem), s (short rachilla hairs), and r (smooth awn) show that the order of the five loci on chromosome 7 from the long to the short chromosome arm is r, s, fs, lys3, ddt. The distance from locus r to locus ddt is about 100 centimorgans.     

Simultaneous Determination of Four Phenolic Acids in Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae Formula Granules by QAMS

[Objectives]This study aimed to establish a QAMS(quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker)method for simultaneous determination of four phenol...     

Pollen and pollination experiments. III. The viability of apple and pear pollen as affected by irradiation and storage

Summary Apple and pear pollen was irradiated with doses of 0, 50, 100, 250 and 500 krad (gamma rays) and stored at 4°C and 0–10% r.h. From the in-vitro germination percentages an average LD 50 dose of about 220 krad was estimated. For both irradiated and untreated pollen a close and corresponding lineair relationship existed between germination percentage and pollen tube growth.Irradiated pollen was much more sensitive to dry storage conditions than untreated pollen, resulting in less germination and more bursting. Apparently, irradiation caused the pollen cell membrane to lose its flexibility faster than normal. Rehydration of dry-stored, irradiated pollen in water-saturated air restored germination percentages up to their initial levels. The importance of this procedure in germination trials is stressed.     

Water Extraction Process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning

[Objectives]To optimize the water extraction process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning and establish a method for its extraction and content determination...     

Present status and future strategy in breeding faba beans (Vicia Faba L.) for resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses

Progress is being made, mainly by ICARDA but also elsewhere, in breeding for resistance to Botrytis, AScochyta, Uromyces, and Orobanche; and some lines have resistance to more than one pathogen. The strategy is to extend multiple resistance but also to seek new and durable forms of resistance. Internationally coordinated programs are needed to maintain the momentum of this work.Tolerance of abiotic stresses leads to types suited to dry or cold environments rather than broad adaptability, but in this cross-pollinated species, the more hybrid vigor expressed by a cultivar, the more it is likely to tolerate various stresses.     

Optimization of Extraction Technology and Determination of Content of Total Phenols of Leaves in Acanthopanax giraldii Harms

[Objectives] To determine the optimum extraction technology for total phenols of leaves in Acanthopanax giraldii Harms.[Methods]The single factor test and ortho...     

Cytoplasmic male sterility,resistance to gall mite and mildew,and season of leafing out in black currants

Summary Cytoplasmic male sterility (cms) is described in the F₁ hybrids Ribes × carrierei (R. glutinosum albidum × R. nigrum) and R. sanguineum × R. nigrum. In backcrosses to R. nigrum, progenies with R. glutinosum cytoplasm were either all male sterile, or segregated for full male fertility (F) and complete (S) and partial (I) male sterility. Ratios of F:I+S suggested that two linked genes controlled cms, F plants being dominant for one (Rf ₁) and recessive for the other (Rf ₂).Segregation for cms in relation to three linded genes, Ce (resistance to the gall mite, Cecidophyopsis ribes), Sph ₃(resistance to American gooseberry mildew, Sphaerotheca mors-uvae) and Lf ₁(one of two dominant additive genes controlling early season leafing out) indicated that Rf ₁and Rf ₂were in this linkage group. The gene order and approximate crossover values appeared to be: % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+-% feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn% hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXafv3ySLgzGmvETj2BSbqef0uAJj3BZ9Mz0bYu% H52CGmvzYLMzaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqr1ngBPrgifHhDYfgasa% acOqpw0xe9v8qqaqFD0xXdHaVhbbf9v8qqaqFr0xc9pk0xbba9q8Wq% Ffea0-yr0RYxir-Jbba9q8aq0-yq-He9q8qqQ8frFve9Fve9Ff0dme% aabaqaciGacaGaamqadaabaeaafaaakeaacaWGdbGaamyzamaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGWaGaaiOlaiaacgdacaGG0aGaaiiiaiaacc% caaaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaamOuaiaadAgaliaaigdakmaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaaccdacaGGUaGaaiOmaiaacs% dacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaaaacaWGsbGaamOzaSGa% aGOmaOWaaWaaaeaacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacc% cacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccaaaGaamitaiaadAgaliaaigdakmaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacc% cacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaaaaiaadofacaWGWbGaamiAaSGa% aG4maaaa!6E4D!\[Ce\underline { 0.14 } Rf1\underline { 0.24 } Rf2\underline { } Lf1\underline { } Sph3\]. Crossover values of 0.36 for Ce-Lf ₁, and 0.15 for Lf ₁-Sph ₃were estimated from the relative mean differences in season of leafing out between seedlings dominant and recessive for Ce and Sph ₃.It is suggested that competitive disadvantage of lf ₁-carrying gametes and/or zygotes at low temperatures may be implicated in the almost invariable deficit of plants dominant for the closely linked mildew resistance allele Sph ₃. Poor performance of lf ₁- (and possibly lf ₂-) carrying gametes and young zygotes during periods of low temperature at flowering might also account for the liability of some late season cultivars and selections to premature fruit drop (running off).     

Screening techniques and sources of resistance to parasitic angiosperms

Parasitic angiosperms cause great losses in many important crops under different climatic conditions and soil types. The most widespread and important parasitic angiosperms belong to the genera Orobanche, Striga, and Cuscuta. The most important economical hosts belong to the Poaceae, Asteraceae, Solanaceae, Cucurbitaceae, and Fabaceae. Although some resistant cultivars have been identified in several crops, great gaps exist in our knowledge of the parasites and the genetic basis of the resistance, as well as the availability of in vitro screening techniques. Screening techniques are based on reactions of the host root or foliage. In vitro or greenhouse screening methods based on the reaction of root and/or foliar tissues are usually superior to field screenings and can be used with many species. To utilize them in plant breeding, it is necessary to demonstrate a strong correlation between in vitro and field data. The correlation should be calculated for every environment in which selection is practiced. Using biochemical analysis as a screening technique has had limited success. The reason seems to be the complex host-parasite interactions which lead to germination, rhizotropism, infection, and growth of the parasite. Germination results from chemicals produced by the host. Resistance is only available in a small group of crops. Resistance has been found in cultivated, primitive and wild forms, depending on the specific host-parasite system. An additional problem is the existence of pathotypes in the parasites. Inheritance of host resistance is usually polygenic and its transfer is slow and tedious. Molecular techniques have yet to be used to locate resistance to parasitic angiosperms. While intensifying the search for genes that control resistance to specific parasitic angiosperms, the best strategy to screen for resistance is to improve the already existing in vitro or greenhouse screening techniques.