甘蓝型杂交油菜主花序长度与植株性状的相关分析

为研究甘蓝型杂交油菜主花序长度与植株性状间的相关关系,以649 个甘蓝型杂交油菜组合进行田间试验、室内考种及相关分析。结果表明：甘蓝型杂交油菜主花序长度平均为45.67 cm,变幅范围为(28.00~66.65 cm),且长主花序材料很少;主花序长度的变异系数较小,遗传力较高,不易受坏境条件的影响,适合早代选择;主花序长度与株高(r=0.8262)、主花序角果数(r=0.7804)、单株角果数(r=0.7466)、一次分枝数(r=0.4680)、主花序角果长度(r=0.3164)、角粒数(r=0.2322)均呈极显著正相关,主花序长度与有效分枝位及千粒重呈不显著正相关,单株产量与单株角果数、主花序角果数、主花序长度、株高、一次分枝数均呈极显著正相关,主花序角果长度与角粒数、千粒重呈极显著正相关;利用相关性分析可知,选育长主花序的材料,能有效提高株高、主花序角果数、单株角果数、一次分枝数、主花序角果长度、角粒数,从而达到提高油菜产量的目的。结合当前直播或机播油菜高密植生产要求,应当选育主序长、主花 序角果数多、角果较长、单株产量高的材料。     

甘蓝型杂交油菜收获指数与植株性状的相关分析

[目的]为了研究收获指数与植株性状的相关关系及回归关系,[方法]通过测定649个甘蓝型杂交油菜新组合的收获指数、单株产量、株高、千粒重、角粒数、主花序角果长度、单株角果数、有效分枝位、一次分枝数、主序长度。[结果]不同甘蓝型杂交油菜新组收获指数差异较大,变幅为(0.1292-0.3358),平均为22.47%,收获指数在0.30以上的组合仅占0.31%;收获指数与单株产量、角粒数、单株角果数、一次分枝数、主序长度、株高均呈极显著正相关;回归分析表明,株高、单株角果数、主花序角果长度、千粒重、角粒数5个性状对收获指数的影响较大。利用性状间的相关性,选育长角果和主花序长的材料,来提高育成材料的角粒数和千粒重;选育植株相对较高、主花序较长、一次分枝数较多的个体,来提高育成材料的单株角果数,最终育成单株产量较高的组合(或品种)。[结论]协调产量构成三要素,提高单株产量,协调好高产与高收获指数间的关系,育成收获指数较高的组合(或品种)。     

双低油菜主要农艺性状的通径分析

用35个双低油菜品种,进行株高、角果长、分枝高度等主要农艺性状与籽粒产量的遗传相关和通径分析.结果表明,株高、一次有效分枝、单株角果数、每角粒数和千粒重与单株产量呈正相关,其中得与千粒重达极显著正相关(r=0.548 9**);而角果长、分枝高度和二次有效分枝与单株产量呈负相关.株高、单株角果数、每角粒数和千粒重与籽粒产量的直接通径系数均为正值,其中千粒重与籽粒产量的直接通径系数最大(0.679 0),其次是每角粒数(0.396 6)、单株角果数(0.377 3)和株高(0.309 5),而角果长等其它4个农艺性状的直接通径系数均为负值.因此,在油菜高产育种中,应加强对这些主要农艺性状的选择,特别应注重对千粒重、角粒数、单株角果数和株高的选择.     

灰色关联度分析在西藏河谷农区甘蓝型油菜育种中的应用

为研究西藏河谷农区甘蓝型油菜多个农艺性状与产量的主次关系,应用灰色关联度分析方法对8个甘蓝型油菜21个农艺性状和单株籽粒产量进行了分析,结果表明:西藏河谷农区甘蓝型油菜不同农艺性状与单株籽粒产量的关联度由高到低的排序为:主花序有效角果数>主花序有效长度>每角粒数>一次有效分枝长度>单株有效角果数>二次有效分枝长度>角果籽粒密度>千粒重>始角高度>株高>花期生长天数>一次有效分枝数>生育期>苗期生长天数>二次有效分枝数>有效分枝总数>分枝部位高度>结角密度>分支角度>角果表面积>角果长度。在西藏河谷农区甘蓝型春油菜品种改良和选育的过程中,应重点观察与单株籽粒重关联密切且表现稳定的农艺性状,如主花序性状因子(主花序有效角果数、主花序有效长度)、产量三因素构成因子(单株有效角果数、每角粒数、千粒重)、植株形态因子(一次有效分枝长度、二次有效分枝长度、始角高度、株高)、生育阶段因子(苗期、花期、生育期)。     

甘蓝型油菜抗倒伏性及农艺性状研究

以5个高产优质甘蓝型油菜品种为材料,分析了不同密度下根系及茎秆生物学特性、株型结构、农艺性状及这些性状与抗倒伏性的关系。结果表明,在不同密度下中双9号抗倒伏性强;密度与抗倒伏指数呈极显著负相关(r=-0.944),与倒伏系数呈极显著正相关(r=0.842)。茎秆拉力、根颈粗、根鲜(干)重、茎秆鲜(干)重、重心高度/株高、抗折力、茎壁厚、一次有效分枝数、单株角果数、每角粒数、千粒重、单株产量与抗倒伏指数呈极显著正相关,茎秆拉力、根茎粗、根鲜(干)重、茎秆鲜(干)重、抗折力、一次分枝长度、单株角果数、每角粒数、单株产量等与倒伏系数呈极显著负相关。应将根颈粗、茎秆鲜(干)重、抗折力、重心高度/株高、分枝部位、抗倒伏指数等作为评价油菜品种抗倒伏性的主要指标。     

甘蓝型杂交油菜主要农艺性状灰色关联度分析

试用灰色系统理论关联度法对贵州省农科所油料所近年来选育的11个甘蓝型杂交油菜新组合进行单位面积的油菜籽产量等7个主要农艺性状的灰色关联度分析。分析结果表明：不同的杂交油菜组合同一性状与产量的关联度不同；同一组合内的不同农艺性状与产量的关联度也不同。其关联度顺序为：单株产量（r1=09067）＞株高（r2=0．8398）＞林有效分枝数（r3=0.7892）＞用粒数（r5=0．7237）＞林有效角果数（r4=0．4276）＞千粒重（r6=0．3767）。在甘蓝型杂交油菜的组合选育过程中，应注重选择单株生产力高、株高适度、单株有效分枝多的组合，同时要求所选择的组会角粒数，株有效角果数多。千粒重对同一组合材料是相对稳定的，变化幅度小，在育种过程中对千粒重的选择效果不明显。     

油菜高产群体各农艺性状对产量的影响

为研究油菜高产群体各农艺性状对产量的影响,按照常规田间试验方法种植了15个甘蓝型油菜品种(系),每个品种(系)设15万、30万、45万、60万和75万株/hm²等5个密度。试验结果表明,油菜群体高产的最佳密度在30万~60万株/hm²。采用灰色关联梯度分析方法就油菜14个农艺性状对产量影响的相对重要性进行分析,其重要性表现为:一次有效分枝数>主花序长>分枝角果数>株高>每角粒数>分枝子拉千拉重>单角果子粒重>一次分枝高度>单位面积花序数>分枝单株产量>密度>主花序角果数>主花序子拉千粒重>主花序单株产量。对高产群体中的角果数、每角拉数及千粒重3个产量构成因素的相关性进行分析,结果表明:油菜每角拉数分别与分枝子粒千粒重和主花序子拉千粒重极显著负相关,但与主花序单株产量和分枝单株产量相关性不显著;分枝子粒千粒重和主花序子拉千拉重均与主花序单株产量极显著正相关,而与分枝单株产量相关性不显著。因此,油菜群体获得高产主要依靠较多的分枝数和角果数,同时兼靠单角果子粒重。研究结果可为油菜高产育种提供理论指导,可减少油菜高产...     

甘蓝型油菜数量性状的聚类和通径分析

通过对8个甘蓝型油菜品种的7个主要经济性状的相关、聚类和通径分析表明:油菜性状的表现主要受基因型制约,各性状之间都存在着一定的相关性,它们是1个有机整体,其中角果数、角粒数、千粒重3个因素的产量作用大,且1次有效分枝位,角果数与单株产量呈较大的正相关;而角果数则仅与一次有效分枝数成正相关。因此,油菜的选择育种和高产栽培,应在兼顾各性状相互协调的同时,主改单株有效角果数、千粒重、角粒数及单株一次有效分枝数。研究油菜数量性状间的相关性及其对产量的作用。并用统计学语言对之进行科学分类,可为科研和生产提供参考信息。     

甘蓝型油菜二系杂交种在不同生态区遗传效应及优势表现

为了探索在不同生态条件下,二系法甘蓝型油菜杂交组合的遗传效应及杂种优势表现。本研究选用6个核背景不同的甘蓝型油菜恢复系作为亲本,根据NCⅡ遗传交配设计配置了36个杂交组合,分别在大荔和张掖两个不同生态区种植,在成熟期对其进行性状调查,采用朱军的ADE模型进行数据分析。结果表明,产量性状不同程度都受到基因的加性、显性、及其与环境互作效应的影响,其中单株角果数和千粒重主要受到加性效应的影响,单株产量和角粒数主要受到显性效应影响;在与环境互作中,单株产量、单株角果数和千粒重的各遗传效应都与环境互作达到了显著性,而角粒数的遗传性相对稳定;农艺性状在基因型与环境互作中有效分枝部位和一次有效分枝数受到环境效应影响较大;在遗传相关性中,单株产量与单株角果数、角粒数和千粒重的表现型相关系数和基因型相关系数均达到了极显著性水平;杂交组合的杂种优势总体表现出F1代优于F2代。此研究结果对二系杂交组合选配有一定的指导意义。     

甘蓝型油菜主要农艺性状相关及聚类分析

为拓宽油菜育种配制杂交组合用种质资源,筛选优异基因资源。对近年收集和自育的50份油菜材料进行田间鉴定和农艺性状相关、回归和聚类分析,结果表明,不同油菜材料农艺性状差异显著,单株产量与株高、每角粒数呈极显著正相关,与主花序长呈显著正相关,与主花序角果、千粒重呈负相关。回归分析显示每角粒数和株高是影响单株产量的主要因子。聚类分析将50份油菜材料分为3个类群,为育种中亲本选配提供参考依据。     

晋北绿豆主要农艺性状变异及对产量构成的影响

研究绿豆新品种（系）主要农艺性状的变异及其在产量构成中的作用,为绿豆高产体系的建立提供科学依据。以国家食用豆产业技术体系绿豆新品种（系）联合鉴定试验（2016-2017年）的25份绿豆新品种（系）为试验材料,对其株高、主茎节数、单株荚数等8个农艺性状进行了变异、相关及通径分析。结果表明,荚粒数变异系数最小,仅7.30%（2017年）,产量变异最广泛,变异系数为35.86%（2016年）;产量除与荚长（r=0.609）、荚粒数（r=0.679）呈极显著正相关外,与其他性状相关不显著;通径分析结果表明,对产量的直接通径系数荚长>株高>荚粒数>单株荚数>百粒重>主茎分枝数>主茎节数,并且株高、单株荚数、荚粒数、荚长和百粒重对产量的直接作用为正值,主茎节数、主茎分枝数对产量的直接作用为负值;综合分析表明,在绿豆高产育种中,荚粒数受外界环境影响较小,与产量的相关性最大,且直接与间接效应均表现优良,应作为主要研究对象。荚长和百粒重的直接效应和间接效应均为正值,也应作为主要筛选对象,同时还要兼顾其他性状的相互影响与均衡发展,充分挖掘种质资源潜力。     

甘蓝型油菜杂种优势和过氧化物酶的关系分析

对3个甘蓝型油菜杂交组合和亲本的农艺性状表现及其与过氧化物酶活性的关系进行了浅析,研究结果表明：杂种的产量性状,如单株粒重、单株有效角果数、有效分枝数、主花序有效角果数等,比其双亲有明显的优势;杂种花期的过氧化物酶活性高于双亲,与株高、有效分枝数、有效角果数、千粒重等性状具有显著的相关性;杂种的过氧化物酶同工酶谱表现为双亲的互补型。     

Plant character correlations and path analysis of pod yield in okra (Abelmoschus esculentus)

Summary Genotypic, phenotypic and environmental correlation coefficients were calculated for fifteen characters during two growing seasons. Correlation coefficients varie between seasons. Edible pod weight, edible pod length, edible pod width, number of seeds per plant, weight of 100 seeds, length of mature pods and number of branches per plant showed significant genotypic correlation with pod yield per plant; only number of branches per plant, edible pod length and weight of 100 seeds were phenotypically correlated with pod yield. Environmental correlation coefficients were generally low but edible pod length, final plant height and edible pod weight showed significant environmental correlation with pod yield during the two seasons.The genotypic correlation coefficients of selected eight characters with pod yield were partitioned into direct and indirect causes. In the early seasons, edible pod weight had the largest positive direct effect on pod yield with its largest indirect effect through reduction in edible pod width. Edible pod width which was highly correlated with pod yield had a negative direct effect on pod yield. In the late season, edible pod weight had the largest direct effect on pod yield, with large indirect effects through reduction in number of days to flowering and number of pods per plant. Number of days to flowering had a large direct effect on pod yield with its largest indirect effect through reduction in edible pod weight. The residual factors during the two seasons were negative. The study indicated that only number of branches per plant, edible pod length and weight of 100 seeds would be useful for indirect selection for pod yield. The path analysis indicated that edible pod weight was the most reliable and effective character to select for when high yield is the objective.     

Genetic analyses of agronomic and seed quality traits of doubled haploid population in Brassica napus through microspore culture

Summary The results showed that the F1 genotype from the cross (Brassica napus cv. Zheshuang 758 × cv. Z-4115) had good response to embryogenesis, and their embryo yield and rate of plant regeneration reached 69.8 embryo/bud and 46.9%, respectively. Characters from the doubled haploid (DH) populations in B. napus were analyzed and it was showed that the means of each agronomic trait were between their parents, but they were nearer to the paternal in 6 agronomic traits (plant height, branch position, number of pods in the main raceme, length of pod, number of pods/plant and number of seeds/pod). The number of genes controlling each agronomic trait was analyzed based on the DH populations. The results showed that the number of genes controlling number of pods in the main raceme was the highest (15.6), and the least number of genes was involved for stem width (only 7.9). According to estimated coefficients of skewness and kurtosis of the traits tested, gene interaction was found to be absent for stem width, plant height, length of main raceme, number of primary and secondary branches, pod density in the main raceme and seed weight/plant. Complementary interaction was also observed in five agronomic traits (number of pods in the main raceme, length of pod, number of pods/plant, number of seeds/pod and 1000-seed weight). A significantly positive correlation was observed between seed yield/plant and four agronomic traits (length of main raceme, length of pod, number of pods/plant and 1000-seed weight). The experiment also showed that the erucic acid, glucosinolate, oil and protein contents of DH populations were 34.23%, 87.09 μmol/g, 44.09% and 42.67%, respectively. The numbers of genes controlling each quality trait were 7.8, 9.7, 9.4 and 8.7, respectively. Partial correlations between the seed quality traits and the agronomic characters of DH populations were analyzed. In this experiment, the partial correlations among seed quality traits were also analyzed and it was found that the oil content had a negative correlation with the other three seed quality traits.     

甘蓝型油菜裂角相关性状的遗传与相关分析

抗裂角性是非常重要的油菜性状, 但相关研究报道较少。本研究对11个甘蓝型油菜骨干亲本品系及由其配制的30个不完全双列杂交组合在2个环境下的抗裂角指数及其他7个角果相关性状进行了遗传分析。结果表明, 抗裂角指数遗传变异显著, 遗传上受少数主效基因控制, 效应以加性为主, 显性效应和环境效应影响较小。大部分杂交组合的抗裂角指数杂种优势不显著。抗裂角指数与角果长、果皮重、千粒重和种子直径呈极显著正相关, 与结角密度和角粒数呈极显著负相关。抗裂角性相关性状中, 角果长、千粒重、结角密度和种子直径变异主要由加性方差解释;果皮重和每角粒数主要由显性方差解释。亲本评价分析指出, 作为波里马细胞质雄性不育系统保持系的ZS11B和恢复系的R11其抗裂角性的一般配合力高, 是培育抗裂角杂交油菜品种的首选直接亲本。     

Einfluß eines Wachstumsregulators auf die 'Sink'-Kapazität von Raps (Brassica napus L.)

Influence of a Plant Growth Regulator on the 'Sink' Capacity of Oilseed Rape ( Brassica napus L. )
A pot experiment was carried out to examine the effect of the plant growth regulator Triapenthenol (RSW) on the apical dominance of oilseed rape and its corresponding effect on the plant's 'sink' capacity. RSW's influence on the number of flower primordia, flowers, pods, yield and yield structure of the whole plant and of different fractions of the plant (main shoot, lateral shoots 1–3, lateral shoots >3; 1st, 2nd and 3rd-order lateral shoots) and its effect on gibberellin content and shoot height was measured.
RSW diminished dominance of the main shoot and of 1st-order lateral shoots: the initiation of flower primordia was increased to about 34% and 116%, respectively, in fraction lateral shoots higher than 3 and 3rd-order lateral shoots. Buds developed in a more synchronized pattern leading to a significantly improved number of flowers and pods in fraction lateral shoots higher than 3. Despite an increased number of pods per plant, grain yield remained unchanged because of a decrease in the number of seeds per pod and an unaffected thousand-kernel weight.
A decreased content of gibberelhn A19 (GA19), GA20, GA1 and GA8 was evident after application of RSW, and a correlation between gibberellin-content and shoot height was found.
The results of this study suggest that high levels of such GAs, that primarily promote shoot elongation and strengthen the apical dominance within the plant, limit the plant's 'sink' capacity. These effects may be due to a gibberellin-promoted auxin-synthesis.     

密度对红豆草农艺性状和种子产量的影响

为了合理利用空间资源,提高红豆草种子产量,试验以奇台红豆草为材料,设置不同的种植密度,通过对株高、分枝数、荚果数、千粒重、种子产量等指标的测量,探寻密度与红豆草生殖格局的关系。试验结果表明,种植密度30 cm×25 cm时,单株花序数、荚果数、千粒重和种子产量最高,依次是81.1个、839.2个、23.8 g、1995.8 kg/hm²。通过相关性分析,种子产量与千粒重呈显著正相关,相关系数为0.631;种子产量与单株荚果数呈极显著正相关,相关系数高达0.998。     

适宜机械化栽培的甘蓝型油菜农艺性状与单株产量的相关性分析及耐密油菜育种探讨

分析适宜机械化栽培的甘蓝型油菜农艺性状与单株产量的相关性及耐密油菜育种探讨,为选育耐密种植,适合轻简化收获的油菜提供理论基础。对农艺性状与单株产量的灰色关联度、通径分析和因子分析进行研究。结果表明：单株有效角果数、每角粒数和分枝数的关联度最大,在相关性中,株高、单株有效角果数、每角粒数与单株产量呈现显著相关,而且性状内部也存在着相关性,对单株产量的直接作用大小为：单株有效角果数>主花序有效角果数>每角粒数>结角密度>千粒重>株高>分枝部位>主花序长>分枝数。因子分析表明：株高、分枝部位、主花序长、主花序角果数、单株有效角果数在农艺性状中累计贡献率占到了总体的74.99%,起到了主要作用。在选育中应加强主花序有效角果数和结角密度的选择,分枝部位要合适,减少无效分枝数,注重株型结构性状的选择,从而努力提高角粒数和千粒重,为有效提高单株产量打下基础。