四川省马铃薯种质资源材料引进、评价及利用

引进国内外不同基因类型种质资源材料117套家系实生种籽、试管苗、早代无性系及品种材料等,经过多年培育从中直接筛出新品种3个和一批不同基因类型的主要亲本材料,创新培育2个新品种及一批新的无性系,以供育种和四川省生产应用,有的已成为四川省主栽品种。经筛选出的资源材料其基因类型丰富,具有属高抗晚疫病、病毒病以及抗其它病害,丰产性强,食口及加工品质好,耐贮、休眠性浅等不同特性,有相当利用价值,可进一步探索和应用。     

贵州引进稻种资源的评价、保存与利用

稻种资泺的引进是作物种质资源工作的重要组成部分，对于扩大遗传多样性，促进水稻品种改良的可持续发展具有战略意义。自20世纪80年代以来，相继从各产稻国和地区引进稻种遗传资源近1500余份，经过初步整理和性状评价，筛选出一批适宜于贵州稻作生态，具有较大利用价值的矮秆、大粒、优质、抗病虫、耐逆境等优异种质。这些稻种资源已繁种、保存于贵州省农业科学院作物种质库中，供省内外科研与教学机构进行种质创新和育种利用研究。概述了贵州引进稻种资源的保存、评价和利用现状，并就今后工作重点与方向提出了建议。     

国外马铃薯品种资源的引进与筛选鉴定

为了丰富中国马铃薯种质资源和进一步明确从国外引进材料的各种主要性状在中国的表现．分早熟、晚熟、高淀粉3组,采用对比法对引进不同国家和地区的57份马铃薯品种（系）资源的形态学特征、生物学特性进行了系统鉴定。试验结果表明：有24份材料的熟期比早熟对照品种克新4号早．熟期与晚熟对照品种克新2号相当的材料有33份,其中田间高抗早疫病材料的有4份,淀粉含量高于对照品种克新12号的材料有10份。对外引试验材料进行了系统的分类和详细的阐述．为以后针对不同用途利用这些材料提供了有价值的参考依据。     

Ecuador, 1991 potato germplasm collecting expedition: taxonomy and new germplasm resources

Summary We conducted a joint Ecuador/Colombia/United States wild potato (Solanum sect. Petota) germplasm collecting expedition in Ecuador from April 13–July 1, 1991. The goals of the expedition were to collect germplasm and study the species boundaries of all of the 25 Ecuadorian taxa accepted by current taxonomists. We made 126 collections of 24 of these 25 taxa, 113 as germplasm samples, 13 only as herbarium collections. We synonymize six of these 25 names (S. baezense Ochoa, S. cyanophyllum Correll, S. pichinchense Bitter & Sodiro, S. serratoris Ochoa, S. suffrutescens Correll as synonyms of S. andreanum Baker; S. correllii Ochoa as a synonym of S. regularifolium Correll). Four other names (S. chomatophilum f. angustifoliolum Correll, S. moscopanum Hawkes, S. solisii Hawkes, S. tundalomense Ochoa) could not be consistently distinguished from S. colombianum Dunal in the field. We are currently investigating them to determine their species status.     

Bolivia potato germplasm collecting expeditions 1993, 1994: Taxonomy and new germplasm resources

Summary We conducted joint Bolivia/The Netherlands/United States wild potato (Solanum sect. Petota Dumort.) germplasm collecting expeditions in Bolivia from February 1-April 15, 1993, and January 1-February 26, 1994. The goals of the expeditions were to collect germplasm and gather data for continuing taxonomic studies of the approximately 43 taxa of Bolivian wild potatoes accepted by current taxonomists. We made 223 collections, 135 as true seed collections, 54 as tubers, 19 only as herbarium collections. Two recent taxonomic treatments of Bolivian wild and cultivated potatoes have clarified the taxonomy and distribution of these plants, but there are continuing disagreements between treatments regarding species boundaries and interrelationships. These disagreements, and the variability we observed in natural populations, present problems for identifications. We summarize the state of germplasm collections for Bolivia, provide our field data regarding the taxonomy of Bolivian wild potatoes, provide recommendations for future collecting, and provide new chromosome counts for S. hoopesii, S. ugentii, and S. yungasense.     

Analysis of variation and interrelationships in potato germplasm

Summary As the exploitation of economic characters in potato is reaching a plateau, use of exotic germplasm offers an ideal opportunity for further improvement. Fifty-five accessions from eleven countries were studied under long and short day conditions. Wide variation was noticed for a number of phenological, morphological and tuber characters. Analysis of variation and correlations has demonstrated possibilities for using this diverse germplasm in various potato improvement programs.Abbreviations APC - Andean Primitive Cultivars - AUDPC - Area Under Disease Progress Curve - CCBL - Commerical Cultivars and Breeding Lines - LD - Long Days - SD - Short Days     

小麦种质资源的引进创新和利用

小麦是山东省种植历史悠久、播种面积最大、总产量最多、商品率最高的重要粮食作物,小麦产量的丰歉与全省国民经济的发展、社会稳定、人民生活的改善息息相关。1种质资源的引进和改造利用作物种质资源是育种的基础,引进、筛选、鉴定、改造、评价、利用作物品种资源是重要的基础性工作。30多年来我所共引入国外小麦种质材料3000余份,每年对所有材料按早熟、晚熟、茎秆质量、高、矮、抗病、大穗、大粒、多穗、优质、丰产、后期熟相等分别种植,以利于观察。对引进、收集和创新材料,在田间详细观察、鉴定的基础上,对筛选出的优异种质早代遗传力…     

Chilean potato germplasm with resistance to potato viruses Y and S

Summary Four clones of the Chilota Potato Collection from the germplasm bank of the Universidad Austral de Chile, with potential combined resistance to PVX, PVY and PVS, were mechanically inoculated with these viruses in order to demonstrate wether they were truly resistant or not. Virus coat protein in the inoculated clones was determined by means of NCM-ELISA, DAS-ELISA, Western Blot and NASH.Two of the four inoculated clones were resistant to both PVY and PVS. This information will allow the utilization of these two clones in plant breeding programs.Abbreviations NCM-ELISA Nitrocellulose membrane enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay - DAS-ELISA double antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay - NASH nucleic acid spot hybridization     

优异小麦新种质的创造与利用

小麦种质资源创造是小麦育种的物质基础,而理化诱变是创造小麦新种质的有效途径之一.理化诱变与传统的杂交育种相结合可以显著提高小麦诱发突变的效果.本课题组多年来坚持小麦辐射诱变与杂交育种相结合.现将九五期间育成的新品系介绍如下:     

木薯种质资源的收集、引进和利用研究

木薯（Manihot Esculenta Crantz）是世界三大薯类作物之一,综合利用价值很高,其根、茎、叶均可利用,块根含有丰富的淀粉,叶片含有丰富的蛋白质和维生素．不仅是禽畜、鱼类的优质饲料．同时也是优良的工业原料。木薯可以加工生产出淀粉糖类、淀粉类、酒精类、有机化学品类、精细化学品类等五大系列2000多个品种的产品,可广泛应用于食品、医药、酒精、纺织、造纸、制糖和涂料等各个行业中。     

马铃薯种质资源档案研究进展

随着马铃薯资源研究不断深入,档案工作也有新的内容,根据我国马铃薯种质资源档案工作的具体内容,介绍了马铃薯种质资源档案工作的建设与进展。     

中国农作物种质资源保护与利用现状

亲代传递给子代的遗传物质称种质,携带各类种质的材料称种质资源,又称遗传资源或基因资源,俗称品种资源.     

我国野生狗牙根种质资源的开发利用

狗牙根俗称绊根草、铁线草、爬地草、百慕大草,禾本科狗牙根属植物。在世界的热带、亚热带和暖温带大量栽培,或作草坪草,或作牧草,对城市绿化、环境保护以及国土治理具有重要意义。欧