Q型烟粉虱对20个烟草品种的选择性

为了明确不同烟草品种对Q型烟粉虱的抗性及其与叶背茸毛密度的相关性,研究了Q型烟粉虱对20个烟草品种的选择性及其生长发育和存活情况,并分析了烟草抗虫性与叶背茸毛密度的关系。结果表明,Q型烟粉虱成虫对烟草品种的选择性、产卵趋性及卵-成虫的存活率在不同烟草品种间差异显著。在20个供试烟草品种中,抗虫性较弱的品种有‘闽烟9号’、‘闽烟57号’;抗虫性较强的品种有‘云烟97’、‘V2’、‘云烟100’、‘长脖黄’,这4个品种在生产上可优先安排种植。烟草叶背茸毛密度与成虫量和着卵量均呈极显著正相关,即烟草叶背茸毛密度越高,烟草抗虫性越弱。因此,选育茸毛较少的烟草品种,可以提高烟草对Q型烟粉虱的抗性。     

日光温室番茄褪绿病毒病的发生规律及其与Q型烟粉虱种群动态关系

为有效控制日光温室番茄褪绿病毒病,于2014—2015年通过RT-PCR检测方法研究了济南市日光温室番茄褪绿病毒(Tomato chlorosis virus,ToCV)的发生规律、其与Q型烟粉虱Bemisia tabaci种群动态的关系及防虫网对该病毒病的防控效果。结果表明,春季日光温室番茄植株上Q型烟粉虱成虫数量呈增长趋势,5月下旬最高达到0.10头/叶,秋季日光温室番茄植株上Q型烟粉虱成虫数量9月上旬达最高7.42头/叶,后逐渐下降;日光温室Q型烟粉虱带毒率随着定植时间的延长而逐渐上升,之后维持相对稳定状态,即春季为20.00%~24.14%,秋季为30.00%~40.00%。日光温室ToCV发生与Q型烟粉虱成虫数量和带毒率密切相关,春季番茄最高发病率为12.00%;秋季番茄植株最高发病率为93.02%。番茄育苗和生长期用100目防虫网隔离可显著降低番茄植株带毒率。因此,秋季是日光温室ToCV防控关键期,覆盖防虫网阻隔烟粉虱可有效防治ToCV,推荐在日光温室使用。     

内蒙古和贵州地区粉虱发生对番茄褪绿病毒流行的影响

番茄褪绿病毒Tomato chlorosis virus(ToCV)对我国番茄种植业破坏极大,而粉虱类昆虫是其主要传播介体。本研究调查了我国内蒙古自治区赤峰市和贵州省贵阳市的番茄褪绿病毒病发生情况,发现赤峰市的发病率为73.3%,贵阳市的发病率为53.3%。两个地区均存在Q型烟粉虱和温室白粉虱,赤峰市的Q型烟粉虱和温室白粉虱分别占75.9%和24.1%;贵阳市的Q型烟粉虱和温室白粉虱分别占39.8%和60.2%。对两个地区的两种粉虱种群在室内进行传毒特性研究,结果发现,经过48 h获毒后Q型烟粉虱和温室白粉虱的获毒量没有明显差异,但无论1头或10头粉虱,Q型烟粉虱的传毒量都高于温室白粉虱。结果说明,近年来随着Q型烟粉虱发生的日益严重,番茄褪绿病毒通过Q型烟粉虱的传播值得人们重视和进一步研究。     

Q型烟粉虱成虫传播番茄褪绿病毒的能力

为明确Q型烟粉虱Bemisia tabaci成虫对番茄褪绿病毒(Tomato chlorosis virus,ToCV)的传毒特征,应用RT-PCR技术检测了ToCV在Q型烟粉虱成虫体内的存留时间、Q型烟粉虱成虫对ToCV的获毒效率及传毒效率。结果表明,Q型烟粉虱成虫离开带毒番茄植株后,其带毒率随时间的延长逐渐降低,最初为85.73%,96 h后仅为17.14%。在相同温度下,Q型烟粉虱成虫的获毒率先随着取食时间的延长而提高,而后处于相对稳定状态,当温度为21、26、31℃时,Q型烟粉虱成虫获毒率达到峰值的时间分别为72、48、6 h,最高获毒率分别为56.52%、54.17%和61.64%。当温度为26℃时,Q型烟粉虱成虫的传毒效率随着取食时间的延长而提高,取食时间为0.5 h时,番茄植株带毒率为25.00%,取食时间为48 h时,番茄植株带毒率达91.67%;温度对Q型烟粉虱成虫的传毒效率有极显著影响,取食48 h后,在21~31℃条件下番茄植株带毒率为83.33%~91.67%,在16℃条件下仅为16.67%。表明Q型烟粉虱成虫对ToCV具有较强的获毒和传毒能力,对其进行有效控制可以防止ToCV的扩散和蔓延。     

Q型烟粉虱对不同烟草品种及其挥发物的行为反应

为明确烟草不同品种对Q型烟粉虱[Bemisia tabaci(Gennadius)]抗性水平的差异,在(25±1)℃、RH=80%、L∥D=16h∥8h条件下,研究了Q型烟粉虱成虫对20个烟草品种的取食和产卵选择性。结果表明,接虫72h,‘YY203’和‘K326’两个烟草品种的成虫数和产卵量最少,平均每株有成虫分别为8.25、9.25头,卵分别为31.50、40.75粒,但两个品种间成虫数和产卵量差异均不显著;‘CF226’品种的成虫数和产卵量最多,平均每株有成虫41.25头,卵406.48粒。进一步利用Y形嗅觉仪,测定了Q型烟粉虱对3个品种(‘YY203’、‘K326’和‘CF226’)烟草叶片气味及其提取物的嗅觉行为反应,结果表明,‘CF226’叶片及相应的挥发物提取物对烟粉虱成虫均具有显著的引诱作用,而‘YY203’和‘K326’叶片和挥发物提取物的引诱作用均不明显;Q型烟粉虱成虫对烟草挥发物提取物的趋向性比单纯的寄主植物叶片的趋向性强,但总的反应趋势相似。‘YY203’和‘K326’两个品种烟草对Q型烟粉虱有明显抗性。     

温度对B型、Q型烟粉虱生长发育、存活和繁殖的影响

烟粉虱Bemisia tabaci(Gennadius)包括多种生物型,其中危害最大的B型和Q型烟粉虱已经先后入侵我国,并在一些混合发生地区出现了Q型烟粉虱取代B型烟粉虱成为优势害虫的现象.温度是影响昆虫种群发展和种间竞争的重要因素之一,为了探讨温度对B型和Q型烟粉虱种群发展及种间竞争的影响,作者对两者在不同温度条件下的发育历期、存活率和产卵量进行了研究.     

寄主植物对B型烟粉虱个体发育和种群繁殖的影响

同一原始种群B型烟粉虱[Bemisia tabaci(Gennadius)],分别在甘蓝、一品红、棉花、番茄和黄瓜连续隔离饲养大约20代后形成5种对应的烟粉虱种群,研究其在甘蓝上各虫态大小、存活率、发育历期、成虫寿命和平均产卵量等生物学参数。在(25±1)℃条件下,一品红种群烟粉虱的1、2、3龄若虫体长和宽均显著低于其他4个种群烟粉虱;发育时间以甘蓝和一品红种群烟粉虱(20.44、19.69d)显著高于番茄种群烟粉虱(19.13d);雌虫寿命以甘蓝种群烟粉虱显著低于一品红、棉花、番茄和黄瓜种群烟粉虱;平均单雌产卵量以一品红种群烟粉虱(169.30粒)显著高于其他4个种群烟粉虱;5个种群烟粉虱在甘蓝上的总存活率均无显著差异。     

Q型烟粉虱对20个茄子品种的选择性

为明确茄子不同品种对Q型烟粉虱抗性水平的差异,在室内条件下即温度为（26±1）℃、相对湿度60%~80%、光周期L∥D= 14 h∥10 h,研究了Q型烟粉虱对不同品种茄子的选择性及不同品种对其生长发育和存活率的影响。结果表明,茄子品种对Q型烟粉虱成虫选择性、产卵趋性及卵成虫的发育历期、存活率影响显著。在供试的20个茄子品种中,Q型烟粉虱成虫的选择性和产卵趋性均以‘增丰巨茄’、‘引茄1号’、‘原种紫长茄’最强,‘淄博长茄’、‘海南野茄’、‘紫罐茄王’最弱。卵成虫的发育历期以‘海南野茄’和‘阳春三月茄’上较长,显著长于‘紫红长茄’、‘快圆茄’、‘原种紫长茄’。卵成虫存活率以‘海南野茄’、‘原种紫长茄’、‘紫罐茄王’较低,显著低于‘增丰巨茄’、‘三月茄’、‘引茄一号’、‘特早紫圆茄’。综合分析,从20个茄子品种中筛选出对Q型烟粉虱存在抗性差异的品种为：‘海南野茄’、‘淄博长茄’、‘紫罐茄王’、‘阳春三月茄’为抗性品种,其中‘海南野茄’抗性最强,‘增丰巨茄’、‘引茄一号’、‘原种紫长茄’、‘紫红长茄’、‘快圆茄’、‘三月茄’、‘特早紫圆茄’为敏感品种,其中‘增丰巨茄’敏感性最强。     

Q型烟粉虱芳香基硫酸酯酶B基因的克隆及表达分析

为明确烟粉虱Bemisia tabaci取食感染番茄黄化曲叶病毒(Tomato yellow leaf curl virus,TYLCV)的番茄植株后,其体内的芳香基硫酸酯酶B基因(arylsulfatase B,ARSB)是否能够做出应答反应,基于Q型烟粉虱基因组数据克隆得到ARSB基因cDNA全长,采用生物信息学方法分析其序列特征,并通过实时荧光定量PCR技术测定ARSB基因在Q型烟粉虱不同发育阶段、不同组织及携带TYLCV前后的表达量变化情况。结果显示:Q型烟粉虱ARSB基因的cDNA全长为1 731 bp,编码576个氨基酸,分子量为64.89 kD,具有ARSB的保守结构域。ARSB基因在Q型烟粉虱不同发育阶段均有表达,在卵期表达量最高,成虫期表达量最低;该基因在Q型烟粉虱头胸部的表达量显著高于腹部;Q型烟粉虱获取TYLCV 72 h后其体内ARSB基因表达量显著提高。表明ARSB基因在Q型烟粉虱不同龄期、不同组织内存在差异表达,并可能参与Q型烟粉虱对TYLCV的响应和传毒过程。     

烟粉虱嗅觉行为反应在抗烟粉虱豇豆种质筛选中的应用

为明确24种豇豆种质对Q型烟粉虱的抗性差异,以便更好地筛选抗性种质资源,采用昆虫嗅觉行为反应测定法,结合盆栽试验与豇豆形态特征调查,研究了Q型烟粉虱对不同豇豆的趋性选择、72 h内产卵量以及趋性与豇豆形态特征的关系。结果表明,Q型烟粉虱对不同豇豆的趋性选择差异显著,在参试豇豆材料中,夏豇1号对Q型烟粉虱的引诱作用显著高于其他种质,而金富翠柳的驱避作用显著高于其他种质,后者可作为豇豆抗Q型烟粉虱育种的亲本或栽培品种。参试豇豆种质的蔓性、荚型、荚色等形态特征对Q型烟粉虱趋性选择的影响不大。     

山东寿光地区Q型烟粉虱对番茄褪绿病毒的传播

为明确山东寿光地区Q型烟粉虱对番茄褪绿病毒(Tomato chlorosis virus,To CV)感病流行的影响及其传毒特性,于2014年调查了该地区设施番茄上烟粉虱种群动态与To CV发病情况,利用特异引物对烟粉虱体内To CV进行了RT-PCR检测;并在室内测定了带毒Q型烟粉虱取食时间和种群数量对To CV感病株率的影响。结果表明,在番茄发病植株上采集的烟粉虱种群体内可检测到To CV;春茬番茄To CV发病株率随烟粉虱种群数量增加而逐渐升高,4—6月是To CV发生高峰期,6月22日发病株率达100%;秋茬番茄烟粉虱种群数量从10月下旬明显下降,而To CV发病株率升高,11月12日发病株率达100%;室内试验表明,To CV感病株率随着带毒Q型烟粉虱数量与取食时间的增加而明显升高。研究表明,Q型烟粉虱能有效传播To CV,且其种群数量对To CV发病株率存在显著影响,可通过防控烟粉虱以控制To CV的危害。     

L-阿拉伯糖对B型和Q型烟粉虱毒性及取食行为的影响

为明确L-阿拉伯糖对B型和Q型烟粉虱毒性及其取食行为的影响,调查了饲喂含有L-阿拉伯糖人工饲料后烟粉虱的死亡率,利用刺吸电位技术(EPG)记录其取食行为,并观察了饲喂后其在人工饲料膜上的刺孔数量及直径。结果表明,B型和Q型烟粉虱的校正死亡率均随L-阿拉伯糖浓度及饲喂时间的增加而升高;在3种浓度下,B型烟粉虱校正死亡率均显著高于Q型烟粉虱;在5%、10%浓度下,Q型烟粉虱校正死亡率分别在第5天和第3天达100%,B型烟粉虱分别在第3天和第2天达到100%;5%L-阿拉伯糖对B型烟粉虱取食行为影响比Q型大;在5%浓度下,B型和Q型烟粉虱在膜上的刺孔数量总体少于对照组。研究表明,L-阿拉伯糖对烟粉虱具有杀虫活性,且对B型和Q型烟粉虱的毒性效果不同。     

烟粉虱传播的番茄褪绿病毒和番茄黄化曲叶病毒对不同番茄品种的复合侵染

为明确烟粉虱传播的番茄褪绿病毒(Tomato chlorosis virus,ToCV)与番茄黄化曲叶病毒(Tomato yellow leaf curl virus,TYLCV)对不同番茄品种的复合侵染情况,于2015年11月在山东省寿光市温室内采集13个番茄品种共390份疑似发病植株叶片,对不同番茄品种的TYLCV抗性和2种病毒的复合侵染以及温室内发病番茄植株上烟粉虱成虫的带毒率进行检测。结果表明,采集的13个番茄品种经分子标记检测鉴定均为TYLCV杂合抗性;不同番茄品种ToCV与TYLCV的复合侵染率存在明显差异,大果番茄粉宴和贝瑞上复合侵染率最高可达73.3%,而樱桃番茄八喜上未检测到这2种病毒的复合侵染。此外,在发病番茄植株上采集的烟粉虱成虫体内可检测到2种病毒,其中烟粉虱ToCV带毒率为90.7%,TYLCV带毒率为80.0%,同时检测到ToCV与TYLCV的概率为71.3%。表明ToCV和TYLCV的复合侵染在山东省番茄生产中普遍发生,烟粉虱可同时携带这2种病毒并广泛传播。     

Induction effects of host plants on insecticide susceptibility and detoxification enzymes of Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae)

BACKGROUND: The polyphagous B‐biotype Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) has developed a high resistance to commonly used insecticides in China. To illustrate the induced changes by host plant, bioassay and biochemical research on five different host populations were investigated. RESULTS: Except for bifenthrin, all tested insecticides showed lower toxicity to the B. tabaci poinsettia population compared with other host populations. Moreover, four insecticides, the exceptions being abamectin and fipronil, showed highest toxicity towards the tomato population. The LC₅₀ values of the poinsettia population, particularly towards acetamiprid, were 14.8‐, 10.3‐ and 7.29‐fold higher than those of tomato, cucumber and cabbage respectively. The CarE activities of B. tabaci cabbage and cucumber populations were all significantly higher than those of poinsettia, cotton and tomato populations. The ratio of the cabbage population was 1.97‐, 1.79‐ and 1.30‐fold higher than that of poinsettia, cotton and tomato respectively. The frequency profiles for this activity also have obvious differences. The GST and P450 activities of the cucumber population were the lowest in the five host populations. CONCLUSION: Long‐term induction of host plants for B‐biotype B. tabaci could influence their susceptibilities to several insecticides. Rational selection and usage of insecticides for particular hosts will be helpful for resistance management and control of this species. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry     

关中地区温室越冬茬番茄黄化曲叶病毒病分子鉴定及流行规律

为了明确关中地区越冬茬番茄黄化曲叶病毒病发生和流行规律,通过分析该病发生与番茄品种、定植期及传播介体烟粉虱之间的关系,并采用PCR技术对田间病原进行分子鉴定。结果表明,番茄黄化曲叶病毒病在8月中下旬至11月上中旬开始侵染,翌年3月中下旬发生再侵染,秋季病情减轻;烟粉虱种群数量与病害发生程度呈线性正相关;不同番茄品种对番茄黄化曲叶病毒(Tomato yellow leaf curl virus,TYLCV)的抗性差异显著,其中大番茄品种布鲁尼1288和DRW7728,小番茄品种千禧和美红对该病表现为免疫;分子检测结果表明,4个样品中均扩增出543 bp的特异片段,与NCBI数据库Gen Bank的TYLCV序列(登录号为GU084381、KC138544.1、KC138543.1和JX456642.1)的相似性达99%。研究表明,关中地区番茄病毒病为番茄黄化曲叶病毒病,番茄品种、定植期及烟粉虱发生动态是影响该病发生的主要因素。     

Note:Bemisia tabaci biotype B associated with tomato yellow leaf curl disease epidemics on rhodes Island, Greece

In 2006 an outbreak of tomato yellow leaf curl disease occurred in tomato crops on Rhodes Island, Greece. Diseased plants were found to be infested with the B biotype of theBemisia tabaci (Gennadius) complex and greenhouse and open-field-grown tomato crops were infected withTomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) introduced from the Middle East. This is the first report of TYLCV and the B biotype ofB. tabaci on Rhodes Island in Greece. http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting Dec. 11, 2007.     

Lack of synergistic effects in tomato plants co-infected with tomato severe rugose virus and tomato chlorosis virus

The begomovirus Tomato severe rugose virus (ToSRV) and the crinivirus Tomato chlorosis virus (ToCV), in single and co-infections, are very common in tomato crops in Brazil. Both viruses are transmitted by the whitefly Bemisia tabaciMEAM1 (biotype B). The objective of this study was to analyse the interaction between ToSRV and ToCV in tomato plants of cultivars Santa Clara and Kada. Plants at 15, 30 and 45 days after emergence were inoculated with 30 viruliferous B. tabaci per plant. The following treatments were compared: plants inoculated with ToSRV, ToCV, ToSRV + ToCV, and healthy (control). The interaction between these viruses was analysed by measuring the virus titre by qPCR and the fresh and dry weights of the aerial parts of the tomato plants. Based on two independent assays, no significant effects for co-infection of ToSRV and ToCV on virus titres and plant development were observed compared to single infections. The dry weight of tomato plants of both cultivars infected with ToSRV, ToCV, or co-infected did not differ significantly. However, the dry weight of Santa Clara tomato plants infected with ToSRV, ToCV and ToSRV + ToCV showed mean reductions of 21.5%, 25.5% and 32%, respectively, compared to healthy plants, and mean reductions for Kada were 31.7%, 37.5% and 38%, respectively.     

Molecular phylogenetic analysis reveals at least five genetic races of<Emphasis Type="Italic">Bemisia tabaci</Emphasis> in China

Phylogenetic analysis using ITS1 and CO1 nucleotide sequences has revealed six major races ofBemisia tabaci in the world, including three major indigenous races in the Asia-Pacific region,viz., B. tabaci (Asia),B. tabaci (Bali) andB. tabaci (Australia), but the status of a large collection of genotypes in this region remains unresolved. The ITS1 sequences of representative whitefly samples collected from around China were determined in this study. These sequences and other homologous sequences retrieved from GenBank were then used to conduct a phylogenetic analysis. The results demonstrated that the whiteflies collected in China were split genetically into four groups, where at least five genetic races were revealed,i.e., B biotype (SDLe, XJEp, XJAt, HNNt, BJIb, GDEp, XJGh, GDHrs, XJSm and SHEp), Bali group (ZJGh), M biotype (Hainan1), G biotype (GXCm) and Asian H/K group (FJIb, GDCv), although the Asian H/K group with low bootstrap score remains unresolved. Of all genetic races, the B biotype is the most extensively distributed. In the dendogram, the J biotype, L biotype and Q biotype cluster together and form a sister clade to the B biotype. The data indicate that extensive migration ofB. tabaci has taken place in Asian countries. The populations ZJGh, FJIb, GDCv, GXCm and Hainanl collected in China might have originated there, but the possibility that they were introduced from elsewhere cannot be excluded at this point. Using PyR from Israel as a reference Q biotype, the random amplified polymorphic DNA banding patterns of SDLe, XJEp, XJAt and HNNt were shown to be consistent with that of the Q biotype, which indicated that the four local whitefly populations identified as the B biotype based on ITS1 sequences were closely related to the Q biotype. http//www.phytoparasitica.org posting Sept. 12, 2006.