贵妃鸡鲜蛋蛋品质的测定和相关分析

为了解贵妃鸡蛋品质性状和营养成分含量,本试验对300日龄贵妃鸡所产的31枚新鲜鸡蛋进行蛋品质、营养成分测定和相关性分析。结果表明：贵妃鸡300日龄平均蛋重为44．63±3．52g,蛋形指数为136．07±6．98、蛋比重为1．08±0．01、哈氏单位为75．03±7．41、蛋壳厚度为0．31±0．05cm、蛋壳强度为3．36±0．54kg／cm^2、蛋黄色泽为6．40±0．99、蛋黄比率为34．27±0．02％。相关性分析表明：蛋重与蛋清重、蛋黄重呈极显著正相关（P〈0．01）,与蛋黄色泽呈极显著负相关（P〈0．01）;蛋比重与蛋壳厚度、蛋壳强度呈极显著正相关（P〈0．01）;蛋黄色泽与蛋清重、蛋黄重呈极显著负相关（P〈0．01）。营养成分分析表明：贵妃鸡鸡蛋中粗脂肪含量平均为8．46±0．036％,粗蛋白平均为11．01±0．034％．磷脂含量为8．15±0．221％、胆固醇含量为1026．24±110．9mg／100g。     

茉莉花香型贵妃母鸡肌肉中氨基酸含量的分析

本试验是对在日粮中添加茉莉花的贵妃母鸡肌肉中氨基酸含量的分析。选用120日龄贵妃母鸡120只,随机分为4组,每组30只母鸡。在基础日粮中添加茉莉花添加剂,按添加量的不同分为I(0%空白对照组)、II(1%)、III(2%)、IV(4%)4个组,进行为期45d的试验饲养。试验末期对4组贵妃鸡肌肉中氨基酸含量进行测定并作分析。结果表明:添加一定量的茉莉花添加剂能够提高贵妃母鸡胸、腿肌肉中各种氨基酸的含量,但是差异不显著(P0.05)。从胸肌测定结果看,胸肌氨基酸总量从大到小依次是IV(22.90g/100g)III(22.23g/100g)II(22.09g/100g)I(21.42g/100g);胸肌中必需氨基酸总量从大到小依次是IV(9.32g/100g)III(9.29g/100g)II(8.88g/100g)I(8.69g/100g);胸肌中鲜味氨基酸总量从大到小依次是III(8.50g/100g)IV(8.47g/100g)II(8.30g/100g)I(8.18g/100g)。从腿肌测定结果可知,腿肌氨基酸总量从大到小依次是II(21.13g/100g)III(20.91g/100g)IV(20.72g/100g)I(20.68g/100g);腿肌中必需氨基酸总量从大到小依次是II(8.70g/100g)III(8.42g/100g)IV(8.33g/100g)I(8.29g/100g);腿肌鲜味氨基酸总量从大到小依次是III(8.31g/100g)II(8.17g/100g)IV(8.11g/100g)I(8.05g/100g)。说明日粮中添加茉莉花对贵妃母鸡胸、腿肌肉氨基酸含量有所增加。     

血红素铁对鸡蛋铁沉积及蛋品质的影响

选取240日龄健康如皋黄鸡80只,随机分成4组,每组设5个重复,每个重复4只对照组基础日粮添加60 mg/kg铁(硫酸亚铁),3个试验组分别再添加血红素铁4、8、12 mg/kg,试验期21 d,研究日粮中不同血红素铁水平对蛋黄铁量、蛋品质、蛋鸡生产性能的影响.结果表明,试验组与对照组相比,饲喂3周,蛋黄中铁的含量分别提高93.20%、72.84%和95.95%(P<0.05);试验组和对照组产蛋性能和蛋品质差异不显著(P>0.05);试验组蛋黄色泽、新城疫、H5和H9亚型禽流感抗体水平都有不同程度的提高.     

储存时间对鸡蛋蛋品质的影响

本实验对储存时间不同的三个品种的鸡蛋进行了蛋品质的测定。结果显示,三种新鲜和陈旧鸡蛋的蛋品质在蛋重、蛋白高度和哈氏单位3项指标中差异显著,其中新旧笨鸡蛋的蛋重、蛋黄重、蛋黄比、蛋白高度、哈氏单位均表现出显著差异(p0.05);新旧红丹达鸡蛋的蛋重、蛋壳强度、蛋白高度出现显著明显(p0.05),哈氏单位出现了极显著差异(p0.01);新旧金皇后鸡蛋的蛋重、蛋黄颜色、蛋白高度、哈氏单位出现明显差异(p0.05)。可见,鸡蛋品质各指标与存放时间呈明显的相关性。尤其表现在蛋重、蛋白高度以及哈氏单位这3项指标。     

不同品种绿壳鸡蛋蛋品质、胆固醇含量及蛋壳色素比较分析

为研究不同品种绿壳鸡蛋的差异,以长顺绿壳蛋鸡、赤水乌骨鸡和乌蒙乌鸡为试验材料,对其蛋品质、蛋黄胆固醇、脂肪和蛋白质含量以及蛋壳色素含量进行测定。结果显示：赤水乌骨鸡的蛋重显著高于长顺绿壳蛋鸡和乌蒙乌鸡（P<0.05）,乌蒙乌鸡的蛋黄脂肪含量显著高于其他两个品种（P<0.05）,赤水乌骨鸡的蛋黄胆固醇含量显著小于其他两个品种（P<0.05）。三种蛋壳中,胆绿素的含量均高于原卟啉含量,赤水乌骨鸡蛋壳的原卟啉含量显著小于长顺绿壳蛋鸡和乌蒙乌鸡（P<0.05）,长顺绿壳蛋鸡蛋壳的胆绿素含量显著高于其他两个品种（P<0.05）。蛋黄脂肪、胆固醇含量与蛋品质相关分析显示,3个品种的蛋黄脂肪含量与蛋黄颜色和蛋壳厚度呈极显著正相关（P<0.01）,蛋黄胆固醇含量与蛋黄重、蛋黄颜色和蛋黄比率均呈极显著正相关（P<0.01）。长顺绿壳蛋鸡蛋重与蛋黄脂肪含量、蛋黄比率与蛋黄胆固醇含量呈显著正相关（P<0.05）;赤水乌骨鸡蛋黄颜色与蛋黄胆固醇含量呈显著负相关（P<0.05）。研究表明,三种绿壳鸡蛋的蛋品质、蛋黄胆固醇、脂肪含量各有不同,赤水乌骨鸡鸡蛋的蛋...     

锰调控鸡蛋蛋品质的研究进展

锰是动物必需的一种微量元素,对鸡蛋蛋品质有重要影响。蛋鸡日粮中锰缺乏会导致蛋壳变薄、易碎、表面粗糙,甚至出现无壳蛋等现象,造成蛋品质下降。目前生产中多以无机锰形式补充锰,但是家禽对无机锰的利用率低,大量锰通过粪便排入环境。锰与氨基酸、蛋白质等螯合后具有吸收率高、生物学效价高等优点,可以替代日粮中的无机锰,减轻环境污染。文章综述了锰的来源与分类、吸收代谢过程、锰对蛋品质的影响及调控机制等,以期为锰在蛋鸡生产中合理有效利用提供理论基础。     

贵妃鸡肉质性状研究

以贵妃鸡为试验素材,在常规饲养条件下饲养至13周龄,测定胸部肌肉嫩度、水分、粗蛋白、粗脂肪及氨基酸含量。结果显示:贵妃鸡嫩度平均为1.490,水分、粗蛋白、粗脂肪和粗灰分的含量分别为73.357%、23.132%、1.466%和1.788%。贵妃鸡胸肌氨基酸含量丰富,共检测到16种氨基酸,其中7种为人体必需氨基酸,占氨基酸总量的39.59%。     

贵妃鸡蛋重和繁殖率关系探讨

选２８￣２９周龄贵妃鸡新产种蛋，按蛋重分４组作蛋重和繁殖率关系试验。结果表明，蛋重４１￣４５克组受精率，孵化率和健雏率分别达９８．１１％，９４．２３％和９７．９６％，极显著高于蛋重３０克和３１￣３５克组，４５克内蛋重与三率呈强正相关，小于３０克重组三率极显著低于其它组（Ｐ〈０．０１），试验说明贵刀鸡种蛋最佳蛋重为４１￣４５克，小于３０克的蛋不宜作种用。     

市售鸡蛋蛋品质的调查研究

蛋品质直接影响蛋的营养成分、食用价值,进而影响蛋的市场售价,同时对鸡蛋的保存时间、种蛋孵化率、破损率等有一定的影响。我国民间一直盛传土鸡蛋比商品鸡蛋好且偏爱食之,本调查根据这一现状购买了三种有代表性的鸡蛋,从蛋重、蛋黄比率、蛋形指数、蛋壳强度、蛋壳厚度、蛋白高度、哈氏单位等指标来对高产蛋鸡的蛋品质和土种蛋鸡的蛋品质进行对比研究,为鸡蛋消费者和鸡蛋生产者提供直接依据,为以后鸡蛋的加工利用以及进一步的开展禽类品质改良和提高蛋品质等方面提供理论基础。     

世界蛋品日，您吃鸡蛋了吗？

为促进世界蛋品业的发展,世界蛋品协会于1999年决定每年十月第二个周五为“世界蛋品日”（World egg day）。     

大恒优质肉鸡S01和S05品系的蛋品质测定与分析

本试验选取大恒肉鸡S01和S05品系在相同条件下饲养,300日龄时分别随机抽取新鲜种蛋100枚进行蛋品质测定。测定结果如下:S01品系蛋重为57.1g,蛋形指数为1.39,蛋壳强度为3.6kg/cm2,蛋壳厚度为0.37mm,哈氏单位为78.7;S05品系蛋重为58.6g,蛋形指数为1.34,蛋壳强度为3.7kg/cm2,蛋壳厚度为0.37mm,哈氏单位为82.6。结果表明S05品系的蛋品质优于S01品系,两品系种蛋的各项蛋品质指标均在正常范围内。     

Parental diet effects on egg component weights and shell quality

An experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of feeding laying hens a low protein and energy diet (LPE), a high protein and energy diet (HPE), and a commercial protein and energy diet (control) on whole egg components, egg weight, and shell quality. The hens were fed their respective diets from 15 to 30 wk of age. At 30 wk of age, egg component weight and percentages were measured along with eggshell quality. The results demonstrated that birds fed the LPE diet had significantly lower albumen, yolk, and total egg weights that the control and HPE groups. The LPE group had significantly lower levels of total albumen protein than the control group. The HPE hens had significantly lower shell thickness and pore concentration than the LPE group, demonstrating that dietary levels of CP and ME can alter not only shell quality component but also albumen protein levels.     

微卫星标记与鸡蛋品质性状关系的研究

本试验分别对60周龄文昌鸡和新扬州鸡进行了蛋品质的测定,测定了8个性状为:蛋重、蛋壳重、蛋壳厚度、蛋壳强度、哈氏单位、蛋形指数、蛋黄重、蛋黄颜色。通过统计软件,对各蛋品质性状进行了相关分析,并通过选用20对微卫星标记,筛选出了与哈氏单位、蛋重有关的分子遗传标记。结果表明:与60周龄新扬州鸡的哈氏单位有关的标记为2号染色体上MCW239和4号染色体上的ADL260,与60周龄新扬州鸡的蛋重有关的标记为2号染色体上的ADL176和MCW239,与60周龄新扬州鸡蛋壳强度有关的标记Z染色体上的LEI229;而与60周龄文昌鸡哈氏单位相关的有2号染色体的的ADL176、MCW239和4号染色体的MCW240,与60周龄文昌鸡蛋重相关的是4号染色体上的标记LEI119,与60周龄蛋壳强度相关的标记为Z染色体上的MCW246和LEI229。     

贵妃鸡、怀乡鸡和北京油鸡肌纤维特性与肉品质相关性分析

试验对120日龄贵妃鸡、怀乡鸡和北京油鸡公鸡的腿肌肉品质、肌纤维特性进行测定,并对其相关性进行分析。结果表明,北京油鸡肉色大于贵妃鸡,贵妃鸡大于怀乡鸡,分别相差1.66和2.54,差异显著(P<0.05),pH差异不显著(P>0.05);贵妃鸡和怀乡鸡肌肉滴水损失大于北京油鸡,分别高出2.16%和2.59%,差异显著(P<0.05);北京油鸡肌纤维特性优于贵妃鸡,贵妃鸡优于怀乡鸡,直径分别相差0.68和 0.59 μm,密度分别相差373.67和142.07 根/mm²,差异显著(P<0.05)。3种鸡肌纤维直径与密度呈负相关关系,与肉色、pH和滴水损失呈正相关关系,相关性不显著(P>0.05)。     

Comparison of the effects of dietary supplementation of flavonoids on laying hen performance,egg quality and egg nutrient profile

1. The aim of this experiment was to compare the effects of dietary supplementation of hesperidin, naringin and quercetin on laying hen performance, egg quality and egg yolk lipid and protein profiles.

2. A total of 96 Lohmann White laying hens weighing an average of 1500 g at 28 weeks of age were randomly assigned to a basal diet and the basal diet supplemented (0.5 g/kg) with either hesperidin, naringin or quercetin. Each treatment was replicated in 6 cages in an 8-week experimental period. Data were analysed using one-way analysis of variance.

3. None of the dietary flavonoids affected laying performance and eggshell quality. Hesperidin and quercetin supplementations decreased albumen and yolk indexes.

4. As compared to the control group, egg yolk cholesterol content decreased and egg yolk protein content increased in response to dietary hesperidin and quercetin supplementation. The mean egg yolk cholesterol (mg/g) and protein (g/100 g) contents were 10.08/14.28, 16.12/14.08, 14.75/15.04 and 15.15/14.85 for the control group and groups supplemented with naringin, hesperidin and quercetin, respectively.

5. Egg yolk lipid and protein profiles were variable.

6. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of hesperidin or quercetin could be used in the diets during the early laying period to reduce egg yolk cholesterol and increase egg yolk protein, which may be attractive to consumers.     

中药饲料添加剂对蛋鸡产蛋性能和蛋品质影响

采用中草药饲料添加剂山楂散饲喂海兰蛋鸡,观察其对产蛋性能、蛋品质及鸡群健康状况的影响,探讨中药制剂的作用机理和应用剂量选择。结果表明,蛋鸡日粮中添加不同比例的山楂散能稳定蛋的色泽,提高蛋的品质,在高温天气条件下,保持较高的产蛋性能。蛋壳颜色正常率,试验A、B两组比对照组分别提高11.25%和12.35%,差异极显著（P〈0.01）;蛋壳颜色浅色率,试验A、B两组比对照组分别减少11.19%和12.02%,差异极显著（P〈0.01）;破蛋率,试验A组比对照组减少1.95%,差异显著（P〈0.05）;畸形率,试验A、B两组比对照组分别减少4.51%与4.14%,差异极显著（P〈0.01）;而对蛋形指数、平均蛋重、蛋白和蛋黄比3项指标影响不大。     

酵母硒对吉林芦花鸡蛋品质及生产性能的影响

为研究添加不同浓度的酵母硒对吉林芦花鸡生产性能、蛋硒含量、蛋品质、鸡蛋胆固醇含量的影响,试验选用健康的21周龄吉林芦花鸡96只,平均体重1622 g.随机分成4组,每组6个重复,每个重复4只鸡.对照组饲喂基础日粮,其他3组分别添加0.3、0.6、0.9 mg/kg的酵母硒.预试期5 d,正式期21 d.结果表明:各组间...     

Effects of non-feed removal molting methods on egg quality traits in commercial brown egg laying hens in Turkey

Non-feed removal molting programme in commercial brown laying hens and its influence on pre-molting, post-molting and end of cycle egg quality traits were investigated. Overall 54 birds were randomly divided into three treatment groups and each group was fed with one of the following diets during 10 days of molting period: (i) grain barley, (ii) alfalfa meal, or (iii) commercial layer ration (non-molted control group). Eggs obtained from groups in pre-molting, post-molting and end of cycle periods were examined for several quality performance traits such as egg weight, specific gravity, shape index, shell strength, shell thickness, eggshell weight, haugh unit, albumen index, yolk index and yolk color. Results indicated that non-feed removal molting programme based particularly on grain barley had positive effect on egg quality traits in laying hens. Notably, yolk color and haugh unit, which are considered as the most important quality parameters from the consumer point of view, were relatively improved in barley molted group.     

Effects of dietary supplementation of resveratrol on performance,egg quality,yolk cholesterol and antioxidant enzyme activity of laying hens

1. This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation of resveratrol on laying performance, egg quality, egg yolk cholesterol and antioxidant enzyme activities of laying hens.

2. A total of 360 Beijing PINK-1 laying hens (60 weeks old) were randomly distributed among five dietary treatments, each of which included 6 replicates of 12 hens. Dietary treatments were basal diet supplemented with 0 (control), 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 and 4.0 g/kg diet resveratrol. The study lasted for 9 weeks including 1 week of adaptation and 8 weeks of the main experimental period.

3. The results indicated that dietary resveratrol significantly improved feed conversion ratios during 5–8 weeks and 1–8 weeks of the trial. Increasing dietary concentrations of the resveratrol linearly improved Haugh unit and albumen height of eggs.

4. The content of total cholesterol (TC), total triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), very low density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C) in serum and cholesterol in yolk was significantly decreased by dietary resveratrol, and there were significant linear correlations between these indexes and resveratrol supplemental levels.

5. Dietary resveratrol supplementation significantly improved serum Glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) enzyme activity and decreased serum malondialdehyde (MDA) content in groups with 2.0 and 4.0 g/kg resveratrol as compared to the control, respectively. However, supplementation of resveratrol did not affect the activity of serum superoxide dismutase (SOD).

6. It is concluded that resveratrol supplementation has a positive effect on performance, lipid-related traits and antioxidant activity of laying hens.     

不同周龄和饲养方式对岭南黄鸡鸡蛋品质的影响研究

试验比较了20周龄笼养、30周龄笼养和30周龄放养三种饲养方式下的岭南黄鸡鸡蛋品质指标:蛋重、哈夫单位、全蛋胆固醇、蛋黄指数、蛋形指数、蛋壳相对重和蛋壳厚度。试验结果表明,三组蛋形指数无显著差异;笼养条件下岭南黄鸡随着产蛋周龄的增加,蛋重增加、其他指数下降;30周龄放养鸡鸡蛋的蛋重接近20周龄笼养鸡蛋,蛋壳显著增厚,全蛋胆固醇含量高于其他两组。