The influence of transient phenomena on the biodegradation of nitrilotriacetic acid in the activated sludge process II. Variations in influent metal and NTA concentrations

A BASIC microcomputer program is described which calculates the median lethal dosage (LD₅₀), the probit transformation, 95% confidence limits and a chi-square test for goodness of fit quantal response data. The program could also be modified for use on other microcomputers, making it an extremely useful program in environmental toxicology research.     

A personal computer program for calculation of soil bulk density coefficient of linear extensibility,and linear shrinkage

Abstract

A computer program was developed to calculate bulk density(BD), coefficient of linear extenslbility(COLE), linear extensibility(LE), and linear shrinkage(LS) in the presence or absence of coarse fragments (>2mm). When coarse fragments are present in a soil clod, COLE and linear extensibility calculations become more complex, requiring additional equations and correction factors. The calculation of linear shrinkage is not sensitive to coarse fragments, thus requiring a single equation. This BASIC computer language program is accommodating to various parameter imputs and correction factors for fast calculation of BD, COLE, LE and LS in soil clods with and without coarse fragments.     

非饱和土壤水一维流动的数值计算

非饱和土壤水的流动是指土壤中水分未充满全部孔隙时的水分移动而言的,是多孔介质中流体运动的一种重要形式。由于它在土壤科学、水文学、农田灌溉和排水、水资源评价等方面甚为重要,所以愈为人们所重视。     

Quantitative multiresidue analyses for volatile organics in water and milk, using a fused silica open-tubular wide-bore capillary column and automated headspace gas chromatography

A modified multiresidue capillary gas chromatographic (GC) procedure has been developed using automated headspace sampling and a wide-bore fused silica open-tubular (FSOT) capillary column for the determination of volatiles in water and milk. Compounds are quantitated by the method of standard additions. An IBM System 9000 computer with the CAPMC3 chromatographic applications package and a BASIC linear regression program are used for data reduction. Data are presented for solutions prepared by fortifying water and milk with volatile solvents such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, benzene, methylene chloride, and chloroform, which are commonly used in the manufacture of packaging materials and adhesives. The wide-bore FSOT capillary columns showed dramatically improved detection for certain compounds, compared with normal-bore capillary GC columns. Data presented for various chemicals demonstrate the improved limits of detection from the use of automated headspace gas chromatography with wide-bore capillary columns and flame ionization detection.     

Computerized gas-liquid chromatographic method for content uniformity analysis of dicyclomine hydrochloride capsules and tablets

An automated, computerized method is presented for the content uniformity determination of dicyclomine hydrochloride capsules and tablets, using up to 4 automatic sampler-equipped gas chromatographs interfaced with a minicomputer. A 3% OV-17 column is used with anthracene as an internal standard. Five sample injections are bracketed by standard mixtures containing about 90 and 110% of the labeled dicyclomine hydrochloride. Data are taken on-line simultaneously from each gas chromatograph and a computer-generated report is produced. Calculations use a BASIC program with linear fit of the 90 and 110% standard mixture. Individual tablet or capsule results are printed in milligrams and per cent declared, including summary calculations of average, high, low, standard deviation, and coefficient of variation. The GLC results are comparable (within 1%) to those obtained using the USP procedure.     

20万只蛋鸡场计算机辅助管理系统的研制(一)

在IBM-PC/XT机上,利用XPL-450绘图仪,M1724打印机,汉化dBASE-Ⅲ软件,以及汉化FoxBASE-PLUS软件建成机械化蛋鸡生产关系型数据库,实现微机对蛋鸡生产的管理。除用编译BASIC语言和C语言编制若干应用软件外,还引进、消化、吸收国外软件,采用PCNONLIN非线性参数软件包与自编程序相结合方法,运用于蛋鸡生产。提供了与数据库配套的最佳饲料配方筛选,蛋鸡夏季日粮蛋白质水平、冬季日粮能—蛋水平研究的统计分析,用模拟模型技术绘制彩色产蛋曲线图,生产统计处理,生产计划管理和饲料库存管理等若干子系统。     

Soil biogeochemical properties of Angren industrial area, Uzbekistan

Background, aim, and scope  The present study examined air pollution effects on soil health applying microbiological parameters. It was carried out near the Angren heavy industry complex in a semiarid region of Uzbekistan. This area was selected in order to establish a national monitoring program for assessing environmental condition of areas remote but downwind from greater emission sources. Moreover, little information exists about how air pollution affects microbiological functioning of soils in semiarid and arid regions of the world, and especially those of Central Asia. Materials and methods  Soil samples were collected in May 2005 along a 20-km NE–SW river valley transect downwind from the industrial complex. Soil chemical analyses included electrical conductivity, pH, water soluble Na, Ca, and K, total soluble nitrogen, and mineralizable nitrogen content upon a 1:2 digestion by deionized water. Major elements and heavy metal inventory in solids was measured by X-ray fluorescence and atomic absorption spectrometry. Microbiological ecosystem properties were assessed by biological indicators such as basal respiration (R _B), microbial biomass related C and N contents, and microbial community functioning coefficients like the metabolic quotient qCO₂. Results  There was a significant spatial dependence and differences for all soil chemical and microbiological parameters tested. The highest contents were found for the relatively volatile metals Zn (≤1,136 mg/kg) and Pb (≤373 mg/kg) in upper soil layers near the power station suggesting that the metal pollutants are derived from local stack emissions. Soil microflora was obviously affected by heavy metals. Significant positive correlations (p ≤ 0.001) were found between the metal content, R _B, and qCO₂, while a negative one was found for the mineralizable N and C _mic/C _org ratio. A high total number of nematodes was found only most distant from the industrial emission sources. Discussion  The results disclosed remarkable spatial dependence not only of the heavy metal impact onto the soil but also of microbiological soil properties in the study area. The latter suggests bioavailability of the anthropogenic metals in the soil affecting the soil microbial community. This is suggested by less biomass formation and higher qCO₂ values in heavy metal-contaminated compared to less-polluted soil plots. Conclusions  Knowledge of these spatial ecosystem functioning patterns and dependence could be very useful in determining and delineating specific land use and management programs that would be suited and feasible for the highly polluted area. Results of this study can be utilized to develop a monitoring program that may quantify harmful effects on the soil health and impact of any future remediation activities. Recommendations and perspectives  Studies on the relationship between soil biota and pollution levels have raised the question regarding the status of natural soil microbial health, stressing the importance of background data of environmental conditions, and elucidating the importance of this environmental monitoring approach even in semiarid and arid regions. Soil microbiological parameters, in particular the metabolic quotient qCO₂ as one of the most sensitive bioindicators identified for that region, should clearly become part of the national environmental monitoring program.     

Equivalence of microbiological and hydroxylamine methods of analysis for ampicillin dosage forms.

Ampicillin formulations were assayed by microbiological and hydroxylamine methods to determine whether thehydroxylamine analytical method is a suitable substitute for the microbiological method. Paired assay results by the 2 analytical methods were obtained on different strengths of tablet, capsule, and suspension, formulations containing ampicillin and ampicillin degradation compounds. Several statistical tests were used to assess the equivalence of the paired assay results. The data analyses indicate that the hydroxylamine method is a suitable substitute for the microbiological method for potency assays and stability studies of ampicillin formulations. The hydroxylamine method yielded slightly higher assay results than the microbiological method for severely degraded formulations.     

淤地坝系规划设计通用软件及其应用

用ＢＡＳＩＣ语言编程的坝系规划设计通用软件已被研制，它能用于坝高小于５０ｍ的淤地坝和小型水库的坝体，放水设施和溢洪道设计。该软件具有选择合理参数，运算速率快，精度高和通用性强的优点，为坝系设计提供了一个有效工具。     

Certification of B-group vitamins (B1, B2, B6, and B12) in four food reference materials

In 1989, the Community Bureau of Reference started a research program to improve the quality of vitamin analysis in food. To achieve this task, vitamin methodology was evaluated and tested by interlaboratory studies and the preparation of certified reference materials, which will be used for quality control of vitamin measurements. The main improvements in methodology were achieved by testing and standardizing the extraction condition and enzymatic hydrolysis procedures. Results for each individual material are derived from five replicate determinations using at least two independent methods: liquid chromatography (HPLC) and microbiological assay for vitamins B1, B2, and B6; and radioprotein binding and microbiological assays for vitamin B12. The certificate of analysis for four reference materials gives mass fraction values for water-soluble vitamins. These certified values were based on the acceptable statistical agreement of results from collaborating laboratories. Certified values with uncertainties (mg/kg dry matter) for each CRM are as follows: 4.63 (0.20) and 4.10 (0.51) for vitamins B1 and B6, respectively, in CRM 121 (wholemeal flour); 6.51 (0.24), 14.54 (0.3), 6.66 (0.43), and 0.034 (0.003) for vitamins B1, B2, B6, and B12, respectively, in CRM 421 (milk powder); 3.07 (0.17) and 4.80 (0.40) for vitamins B1 and B6, respectively, in CRM 485 (lyophilized mixed vegetables), and 8.58 (0.55), 106.8 (2.8), 19.3 1.5), and 1.12 (0.044) for vitamins B1. B2, B6, and B12, respectively, in CRM 487 (lyophilized pig liver).     

Semiautomated method for niacin and niacinamide in food products: collaborative study.

A collaborative study was conducted comparing a semiautomated colorimetric niacin method with a manual colorimetric and a microbiological method for 10 food products. Seven laboratories used the microbiological method, 7 laboratories used the manual colorimetric method, and 6 laboratories used the semiautomated method. The semiautomated method was more repeatable within a laboratory and more reproducible between laboratories than was either of the other methods. The semiautomated method results compared favorably with both the microbiological and manual colorimetric method results.     

森林群落信息管理系统的研究

运用 Fox BASE关系数据库和 BASIC语言 ,建立了森林群落信息管理系统 ,并以大明山植被退化生态系统群落信息数据试运行。结果表明 ,该系统结构合理 ,功能齐全 ,性能可靠 ,科学实用 ,便于推广。     

土壤微生物多样性研究方法的进展

对土壤微生物的4类研究方法即:传统微生物培养法、微生物标记物法、BIOLOGGN微平板法和微生物分子生物技术方法及其应用特点进行了简要的评述和分析,旨在通过比较寻求能够揭示土壤微生物群落结构的最佳方法。分子生物技术方法与传统研究方法等相结合将是大力推动土壤微生物研究的有效方式。     

Identification of nosiheptide in feeds and detection of residues in animal tissues

Nosiheptic is determined in fermentation broths of Streptomyces actuosus either by a microbiological method using Staphylococcus aureus or, more easily, by an automated colorimetric method. The results obtained with both methods correspond well for concentrations greater than 100 microgram/mL with a standard deviation of 1-3%. For determination of nosiheptide as a feed additive, the microbiological assay is made more specific by pretreatment with petroleum ether and 1N HCl. Standard deviation is less than 4%, and the assay is sensitive to 1 ppm. Nosiheptide is identified in feed containing other frequently used antibiotics by thin layer chromatography with bioautography; sensitivity is 1 ppm. The absence of traces of nosiheptide in tissues of treated swine and broiler is confirmed by microbiological diffusion, sensitive to 0.025 ppm.     

Purification and characterization of a corrinoid-compound in an edible cyanobacterium Aphanizomenon flos-aquae as a nutritional supplementary food

The vitamin B12 concentration of the dried cells of Aphanizomenon flos-aquae was determined by both microbiological method with Lactobacillus delbrueckeii ATCC7830 and chemiluminescence method with intrinsic factor. The Aphanizomenon cells contained 616.3 +/- 30.3 micro g (n = 4) of vitamin B12 per 100 g of the dried cells by the microbiological method. The values determined with the chemiluminescence method, however, were only about 5.3% of the values determined by the microbiological method. A corrinoid-compound was purified from the dried cells and characterized. The purified corrinoid-compound was identified as pseudovitamin B12 (an inactive corrinoid-compound for humans) by silica gel 60 TLC, C18 reversed-phase HPLC, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, and 1H NMR spectroscopy. The results suggest that the Aphanizomenon cells are not suitable for use as a vitamin B12 source, especially in vegans.     

Microbiological and chemical determination of copper and zinc in soil

Many chemical and microbiological methods to estimate the amounts of available nutrients in soil were proposed, but as a rapid laboratory method, microbiological test would appear to have advantages over chemical methods. It could be done more simply and inexpensively in various points.     

Mikrobiologische und biochemische Charakterisierung landwirtschaftlich genutzter Böden. II. Mitteilung. Beziehungen zum Humusgehalt

Microbiological and biochemical characteristics of agricultural soils Part. II. Relations to the organic matter content A soil microbiological index for 33 tested samples of 11 agricultural soils with different origin and management history was correlated with the corresponding organic carbon content. The soils tested showed a highly significant correlation coefficient (r = 0.93) between the microbiological index and the total organic carbon content. According to our working hypothesis, there seems to be a connection between the quotient which is derived from the microbiological index and humus content to the turnover of organic matter in soils. In individual soils or groups of soils the deviations from the general function calculated from all tested soils are not caused by errors in the analytical procedure. They seem to indicate changes in the humusstatus (intensity of humus synthesis or humus decomposition) occuring during the time of investigation.     

Relationship between the Agricultural Management of a Semi‐arid Soil and Microbiological Quality

Abstract

The establishment of the incidence of different agricultural management practices on soil microbiological quality has become an issue of wide concern. This study was aimed to (i) determine the effect of different agricultural management practices (ecological, integrated, conventional, and conventional with the addition of pig slurry) on the microbial activity of a semi‐arid soil at two different stages (cropped and fallow) and (ii) adapt an existing quantitative method to assess the microbiological soil quality in the different management systems. Several microbial and biochemical parameters, as well as two water‐soluble carbon (C) fractions, were measured in the soil samples. Significant differences (P<0.05) were found between the different agricultural management systems for most of the microbiological parameters during the cropped period. Factorial analysis indicated that adenosine triphosphate (ATP), microbial biomass C, diphenol oxidase activity, urease activity, and water‐soluble carbohydrates had a high weight in factor 1. These parameters were selected to form part of the equation for calculating a microbiological quality index. During the cropped period, the ecological management yielded the highest score of the microbial quality index, whereas, during the fallow period, no differences were found among the index scores of the different agricultural management systems.     

Comparison of automated liquid chromatographic and bioassay methods for determining spiramycin concentration in bovine plasma.

The performance of a liquid chromatographic (LC) method for spiramycin measurement in bovine plasma has been compared with that of a microbiological method. Plasma samples were obtained from cattle administered spiramycin intravenously. Comparison tests used were intraclass correlation (r1), correlation (r), and Student's paired t-test. For concentrations lower than 2.5 IU/mL, microbiological values were higher than LC values. This difference in results modified pharmacokinetic interpretation and might be explained by the presence of microbiologically active metabolites.     

猪排泄物恶臭产生与控制的微生物学原理

猪排泄物恶臭的产生是一个涉及众多微生物的复杂过程, 研究排泄物中本土菌群的微生物组成及在恶臭产生中的作用是研制与开发有效恶臭控制技术的前提.本文从猪排泄物中主要本土菌群的组成, 不同菌群在恶臭产生中的作用, 主要恶臭化合物来源, 排泄物的重要恶臭指示物及相关的产生菌, 主要恶臭控制技术的微生物原理等角度综述了近几十年来有关猪排泄物恶臭产生与控制的研究进展.然而, 由于猪粪尿排泄物恶臭成分复杂, 影响因素众多, 且是一个主观性很强的评价指标, 有关恶臭指示物的研究仍需进一步开展和深入.此外, 猪粪尿排泄物中很多微生物是厌氧或兼性厌氧菌, 无法通过普通的平板划线法而获得纯培养, 今后应将传统的微生物厌氧培养方法与现代微生物分子生物学技术结合, 动态了解和掌握不同菌群的生长状态及在恶臭产生过程中的作用.