Evolución morfológica en el epitelio seminífero del Cerdo en diferentes edades (Sus scrofa de la raza Landrace)*

The morphological development of the seminiferous epithelium in the pig at different ages ( Sus scrofa , Landrace breed)
In the Pig, Landrace breed, were observed, at different ages, among 15 to 210–220 days, the morphological patterns of the seminiferous epithelium that lines "cordonal" tubules at 15 to 30 days of postnatal and "luminal" tubules at 120 to 210–220 days of age. Although some morphological events of cellular differentiation were observed at 120 days, and the spermatogenesis process apparently could be observed at 180–190 days, really the overall characteristics of the cellular differentiation in the seminiferous epithelium, with the presence of luminal spermatozoa, were observed at 210–220 days of age. This last stage is considered as the puberal age.     

Aportaciones a la Topografía Craneoencefálica de la Cabra

Radiographic projection of a median section of the brain and skull in goat This study, based on three goats, provides a radiographic projection of a median section of the brain and the skull. The method allows a topographic correlation of brain structures with the skull and surrounding osseous structures. A standard skull position, with the basic horizontal plane passing through the external acoustic meatus, and parallel to the floor of the skull, results in a method of localizing brain structures in specific transverse planes. This stereotaxic method allows investigators to account for variability in topography between animals in the localization of brain structures through external morphology.     

Involución de Germenes Dentarios en la Oveja (Ovis aries)

In this study we examined some histologic and histochemical characteristics of the embryonic sheep dental epithelium in early odontogenesis. During the first trimester of development, a short-lived dental lamina was observed. Apparently in the sheep, the interactions between epithelial and ectomesenchymal cells required for tooth normal morphogenesis are altered.     

Algunos aspectos sobre la inervación de pulmon en animales de laboratorio

The finer innervation of the tissues of the lung was studied with several methods of silver impregnation, focussing especially on the fibers and endings of the nerves. The richest terminal innervation could be found in the epithelial and subepithelial tissue, and was sometimes similar to the situation in the smooth muscles which might indicate that, somehow, secretory and motor innervation are alike morphologically. On the other hand, there were many nerve fibers in the perichondrium of the small nodules and plaques of cartilage too, although they did not enter the cartilaginous tissue. The final nerves ended in different forms, from round or ovoid masses to free "ultraterminal" filaments.     

Sur la Microvascularisation des Plexus Choroïdes des Ventricules Latéraux chez la Chèvre (Capra hircus)

The goat choroid plexus angioarchitecture of the lateral ventricles was studied under the SEM using the method of “microvascular corrosion casts”. The whole plexus is semilunar shaped and directed in an antero-posterior, latero-median fashion. In the plexus the lateral extremity is larger than the median one. All the components of the vascular bed (arteries, venes and capillaries) of the choroid plexus have interesting morpho-structural features. In particular, the capillaries are more developed than the other components and they are variously located on both sides of the plexus. The capillary network has a various organization in different zones of each side of the plexus.     

Cronología de Osificación Postnatal de las Articulaciones del Hombro y Codo en el Gato Siamés (Felts catus L.)

Chronology of the postnatal ossification of the shoulder and cubit joints of the Siam cat (Felts catus L.) A study was done by radiological techniques to show the chronology of ossification of the shoulder and cubit joints in the Siam cat, from birth up to the 25th week of postnatal development. For this experiment we used 40 little cats (19 males and 21 females) belonging to 11 litters subjected to different controls: pattern race, healthy, feeding, growing up and radioactivity. The time of the appearance and the evolution of the ossification centers is determined as well as the phenomenon of fusion during this time. The postnatal ossification from both joints of the Siam cat is compared with that of the common cat.     

Mecanismos de Desarrollo de la Cúpula en los Conductos Semicirculares de las Aves: I. Secreción Celular

A study of the crista ampullaris of the vestibular apparatus was carried out in chicken embryos. The study group included embryos between stages 24 and 39 of Hamburger-Hamilton. This study elucidates the relationship of the cupula with respect to the epithelium of the crista ampullaris. With electron microscopic examination, the rough endoplasmic reticulum of the crista epithelial sustentacular cells at developmental stage of 31 H-H, demonstrated dilatations containing secretory material. Vesicles, with adhering ribosomes appear to be formed from these dilatations. At later stages of development, the vesicular material took on the characteristics of the fibrillary material composing the cupula. In some cells, secretory vesicles are seen near the apical border of these cells, where they apparently secrete vesicular contents into the endolymphatic space, contributing to the formation of the cupula.     

Anatomy of the Cranioencephalic Structures of the Goat (Capra hircus L.) by Imaging Techniques: A Computerized Tomographic Study

A topographic study of the cranioencephalic structure was carried out by computerized tomography on Canarian breed adult goats of medium size and weight, with similar cephalic parameters. In this way, transversal, sagittal and horizontal tomographic images were obtained. Identification of the observed anatomic structures represents the basis of this work from which applicable specie data are derived.     

Observaciones en el punto de unión neuroectodermo-ectodermo no neural en embriones de pollo en neurulación tratados con citocalasina B ≪in ovo≫

Observations in the point of union of the neuroectoderm with the nonneural ectoderm in chick embryos after treatment "in ovo" with cytochalasin B during neurulation
Treatment of "in ovo" chick embryos with cytochalasin B during neurulation resulted in the failure of formation of the neural folds, producing an alteration in the point of union of the neuroectoderm with the nonneural ectoderm in its final development. This alteration consisted in the appearance of folding and superposition of both epithelia in this zone. The results support a possible role of the apical microfilaments in neuroectoderm and nonneural ectoderm in the process of neurulation.     

Recherche Tomodensitométrique sur la Topographie Stéréotaxique des Espaces Méningés de la Vache (Bos taurus L.)

Tomodensitometric examinations of the stereotaxic anatomy of the bovine intrameningeal spaces
The head of a Holstein cow was selected from seven available ones in order to produce a series of tomodensitometric transverse and sagittal sections according to Horsley-Clarke. These sections make it possible to show the stereotaxic topography of the intrameningeal spaces (Sinus epidurales and Cisternae arachnoideales) in Bos taurus.
The discussion includes suggestions for new terms for three of the spaces—Sinus condylaris, Cisterna cerebrocerebellaris and Cisterna basilaris.     

Periodos del Desarrollo Intrauterino de los Compartimentos gástricos del Caprino (Capra hircus)1,2

Intrauterine developmental stages of the gastric compartments of the caprine ( Capra hircus )
A chronological and systematic scheme for intrauterine development stages of the composed stomach of caprine is proposed. Twenty one embryos (1.69 cm to 5.90 cm S. C.) and 16 fetuses (5.90 to 35 cm S. C.) for studying morphogenesis, histogenesis and relationships of gastric compartments were used. Six developmental stages were conventionally determined from the most relevant anatomical and histological characteristics.
The first four stages are characterized by appearance of the different compartments, their morphological modifications and progressive positional changes until their semi-final form and relations.
The two last stages are characterized by histological differentiation of both the reticulum wall and abomasum mucosa. They can also be recognized by observing the volume relationships between rumen and abomasum. Comparative aspects with bovine and ovine intrauterine development are commented together with considerations concerning the unitary origin of the stomach compartments.     

Observaciones microscópcas de la pared de la arteria carótida interna en los segmentos cervical y petroso

In the literature reviewed, there are certain differences of opinion with regard tostructural details of the wall of the internal carotid artery in the cervical and petrosalportion. Therefore, histological material of human necropsies was processed in order toobtain 10pm. paraffin sections of the artery and surrounding tissues which were stainedwith orcein, resordn-fuchsine, Verhoeff and picrofuchsine. While in the cervical segment of theartery there is a neat predominance of muscle fibres over elastic ones in the media, the elasticelements can be found especially in the inner layers of the adventitia, and there exist aclearly defined elastica interna and externa. Therefore the authors consider this part ofthe artery as of the transitional type. On the other hand, the petrosal portion must be consideredas of the muscular type, with abundant muscle fibres in the media and a wellformed and even double elastica interna, while the externa is scarcely visible. In bothsegments, the artery is very well fixed with the surrounding connective sheath.     

利用Samtools挖掘山羊生产繁殖相关Indels标记

随着研究的深入,从最初认为单核苷酸多态性(single nucleotide polymorphism,SNP)是导致遗传和表型多样性的主要原因,逐渐意识到插入/缺失(insertion/deletion,Indel)的普遍存在,并且与山羊生产繁殖性状密切相关。随着山羊参考基因组序列的公布及测序成本的降低,为大规模开发山羊Indels标记提供了可能。本研究就12个山羊个体(大足黑山羊,DBG,n=6;内蒙古绒山羊,IMCG,n=6)全基因组重测序结果,利用Samtools筛选群体间的差异In-dels。结果表明,12个山羊个体获得192.747GB基因组数据,平均每个个体检测到高质量的Indels位点为334 151个;比较基因组获得2个群体特有的Indels分别为110和100个,注释基因38和30个。其中大足黑山群体特有su-fu、sycp2位点和内蒙古绒山羊群体特有kdm4c位点可能是山羊生长繁殖相关候选Indel标记,为进一步精细解析山羊生产繁殖性状遗传机理奠定基础。     

InducciÓn Experimental á Malformaciones por Instilacion de Etanol en Huevos Embrionados de Polio (Gallus gallus)

The teratogenic effect of alcohol on chick embryos has been confirmed by many investigators. However, how this occurs is unknown. The aim of this study was to establish a teratogenic pattern of alcohol effects, on the first stages of development in avians. Fertilized eggs were infused through the air space of the shell on day 0, with ethanol in concentrations of 20%, 40% and 60%. The control group was infused with 0.1 ml of NaCl at 0.9%. At a second stage, the eggs were treated on the 4th day of incubation, using the same method. In both groups the eggs were removed on the 11th day of incubation. The teratological manifestations that appeared more frequently were evisceration, haemorrhagic embryos, oedema, cranial deformities, lack of eyes, and umbilical hernia, showing every embryo a clear reduction in size and body weight.