用不同的方法检测高果糖玉米糖浆掺假的蜂蜜

纯蜂蜜掺入高果糖玉米糖浆（HFCS,简称高果糖浆）,加入量为10％,20％,30％,40％和50％。对全部样品用高效液相色谱确定糖的成分作为指纹。分别确定纯蜂蜜和假蜂蜜的下列成分：水分、可溶固体物总量、氮、表观粘度、羟甲基糠醛（HMF）、灰分、钠、钙、钾、折射指数和淀粉酶活性。统计分析显示,千物质、表观粘度、钠、钾、脯氨酸和氮的数量与糖成分呈特别显著的负相关。相反,灰分、钙、HMF和水分含量与纯蜂蜜及假蜂蜜的糖成分呈特别显著的正相关。因此,如此简单的化验可用作检测以高果糖浆掺假蜂蜜的良好指示物。检测掺假范围在10％～50％。     

稀土在畜牧业中的应用

稀土是镧系元素和化学性质相似的钪、钇等十七种元素的总称,包括镧(la)、铈(Ce)、镨(Pr)、钕(Na)、钷(Pm)、钐(Sm)、铕(Eu)、钆(Gd)、铽(Tb)、镝(Dy)、钬(Ho)、铒(Er)、铥(Tm)、镱(Yb)、镥(La)、钪(Sc)和钇(Y)。早在1933年,前苏联学者就开始了有关稀土的生理     

上海水牛生理生化指标的测定和分析

为研究上海水牛生理生化指标含量,选取精神良好、健康的上海水牛犊牛(1岁内)、青年牛(1-2岁)、成年牛(3岁以上),测定了生理指标、血液生理生化指标含量。结果显示,上海水牛的体重随月龄的增加显著增加(P＜0.05),而呼吸频率、心率无显著差异(P＞0.05)。在检测的22项血液生理指标含量中,有10项指标(平均红细胞体积(MCV)、平均红细胞血红蛋白含量(MCH)、平均红细胞血红蛋白浓度(MCHC)、红细胞分布宽度(RDW)、淋巴细胞百分比(%LYM)、单核细胞百分比(%MONO)、中性粒细胞百分比(%NEU)、嗜酸性粒细胞百分比(%EOS)、淋巴细胞(LYM)、单核细胞(MONO))含量差异显著(P＜0.05),其余12项指标(红细胞(RBC)、红细胞比容(HCT)、血红蛋白(HGB)、网织红细胞百分比(%RETIC)、网织红细胞(RETIC)、白细胞(WBC)、嗜碱性粒细胞百分比(%BASO)、中性粒细胞(NEU)、嗜酸性粒细胞(EOS)、嗜碱性粒细胞(BASO)、血小板(PLT)、血小板压积(PCT))含量差异不显著(P＞0.05)。在检测的18项血液生化指标含量中,有9项指标(血糖(GLU)、肌酐(CREA)、磷离子(PHOS)、钙离子(Ca)、总蛋白(TP)、球蛋白(GLOB)、丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)、胆固醇(CHOL)、胰淀粉酶(AMYL))含量差异显著(P＜0.05),其余9项指标(尿素(UREA)、血尿素氮/肌酐比(BUN/CREA)、白蛋白(ALB)、白蛋白/球蛋白比(ALB/GLOB)、碱性磷酸酶(ALKP)、谷氨酰转移酶(GGT)、总胆红素(TBIL)、甘油三酯(TRIG)、脂肪酶(LIPA))含量差异不显著(P＞0.05)。该研究可为上海水牛的选种选育、生长发育评估、营养状况评估、疾病诊断等提供参考。     

关于“稀土肥料”介绍

<正> 稀土元素在周期表上位于第三副族,包括原子序数57～71的15个镧系元素以及和镧系元素化学性质相似的钪和钇,共有17个元素,它们是镧(La)、铈(Ce)、镨(Pr)、钕(Nd)、钷(Pm)、钐(Sm)、铕(Eu)钆(Gd)、铽(Tb)、镝(Dy)、钬(Ho)、铒(Er)、铥(Tm)、镱(Yb)、     

稀土元素添食对家蚕产茧量的影响

<正> 稀土元素是钇和镧系元素的总称,包括镧(La)、铈(Ce)、镨(Pr)、钕(Nd)钜(Pm)、钐(Sm)、铕(Eu)、钆(Gd)、铽(Tb)、镝(Dy)、钬(Ho)、铒(Er)、铥(Tm)、镱(Yb)、镥(Lu)和钇(Y)诸元素。我国有着丰富的稀土资源,开发利用稀土元素有着良好的前景。稀土元素已广泛应用于冶金机械、     

本刊常用计量单位符号

1时间:h(小时)、m in(分)、s(秒)2长度:km(千米)、m(米)、cm(厘米)、m m(毫米)3面积:m2(平方米)、667m2(亩)、hm2(公顷)4体积:m3(立方米)、L(升)、m L(毫升)5质量:t(吨)、kg(千克)、g(克)、m g(毫克)6浓度:m g/L、m g/kg(百万分浓度,以前用ppm,1×10-6)本刊常用计量单位符号~~     

不同阶段猪的发病规律与防控措施

正1猪病的发生规律1.1哺乳期(出生-断奶)猪瘟(HC)、猪红痢(CE)1~3天、猪先天性阵颤(CP)、猪溶血性黄疸、猪低血糖、猪黄痢(YS)3~7天、猪口蹄疫(MFD)、猪附红细胞体(EC)、猪蓝耳病(PRRS)、猪传染性胃肠炎(TGE)、猪流行性腹泻(PED)、轮状病毒(RV)、猪链球菌病(SS)、猪白痢(WS)8~20天、猪渗出性皮炎、猪伪狂犬(PR)、猪球虫病以及副猪嗜血杆菌病(HP)。1.2保育期(包括新购猪)猪瘟(HC)、猪水肿病(ED)、猪多功能衰竭症(PMWS)、猪增生性肠炎(PPE)、仔猪副伤寒(PS)、猪     

酶解豆粕替代普通豆粕对28日龄断奶仔猪生产性能、腹泻指数影响研究

本试验采用单因子设计,选用28±2日龄,体重约7.5kgDLY断奶仔猪25头,随机分为5个处理,即普通豆粕组(1)、国产商品发酵豆粕组(2)、进口商品发酵豆粕组(3)、酶解豆粕烘干组(4)、酶解豆粕直接湿喂组(5),每个处理5个重复,每个重复1头猪。结果表明:(1)组仔猪的生产性能指标中日增重(ADG)最好,全期日增重(207.14g/d)相对于(2)、(3)、(4)、(5)组分别提高73.95%(P<0.05)、18.86%(P>0.05)、56.82%(P<0.05)、7.8%(P>0.05);全期采食量(ADFI)相对于(2)、(3)、(4)、(5)组分别提高77.69%(P<0.05)、29.52%(P>0.05)、34.38%(P>0.05)、40.98%(P<0.05)。全期料肉比(F/G)则以(5)组最低(1.61),相对于(1)、(2)、(3)、(4)组分别降低了24.02%(P<0.05)、25.12%(P<0.05)、16.58%、39.01%(P<0.05)。腹泻指数仍然以(5)组最低0.272,其次是(4)组0.489,但是各处理之间差异不显著。     

本刊常用计量单位符号

1时间:h(小时)、min(分)、s(秒)2长度:km(千米)、m(米)、cm(厘米)、mm(毫米)3面积:m2(平方米)、667m2(亩)、hm2(公顷)4体积:m3(立方米)、L(升)、mL(毫升)5质量:t(吨)、kg(千克)、g(克)、mg(毫克)6浓度:mg/L、mg/kg(百万分浓度,以前用ppm,1×10-6)本刊常用计量单位符号~~     

第四讲 猪的营养与饲料配制(二)

2 .3　矿物质　猪所必需的矿物质元素 ,主要有 1 6种。通常把占体重 0 .0 1 %以上的叫做常量矿物质元素 ,如 :钙 (Ｃａ)、磷 (Ｐ)、镁 (Ｍｇ)、钾 (Ｋ )、钠(Ｎａ)、硫 (Ｓ)、氯 (Ｃｌ) ;把占体重 0 .0 1 %以下的矿物质元素叫做微量元素 (ｔｒａｃｅｅｌｅｍｅｎｔｓ) ,如铁 (Ｆｅ)、铜 (Ｃｕ)、锰 (Ｍｎ)、锌 (Ｚｎ)、碘 (Ｉ)、钴 (Ｃｏ)、钼(Ｍｏ)、硒 (Ｓｅ)等。矿物质在猪体内所占比例虽然不太高 ,一般只占 3%～ 4% ,但它的作用却非常重要。猪常用的微量元素是 :铁 (Ｆｅ)、铜 (Ｃｕ)、锰(Ｍｎ)、锌 (Ｚｎ)、碘 (Ｉ)和硒 (Ｓｅ)。猪体内…     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

Evaluation of serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism and results of radiography as indicators of severity of osteochondrosis in foals

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism can, in conjunction with radiographic evaluation, indicate severity of osteochondrosis in developing horses. ANIMALS: 43 Dutch Warmblood foals with varying severity of osteochondrosis. PROCEDURE: 24 foals were monitored for 5 months and 19 foals were monitored for 11 months. Monthly radiographs of femoropatellar-femorotibial and tibio-tarsal joints were graded for osteochondral abnormalities. Serial blood samples were assayed for 8 cartilage and bone biomarkers. At the end of the monitoring period, foals were examined for macroscopic osteochondrosis lesions. RESULTS: Temporal relationships were evident between certain serum biomarkers and osteochondrosis severity in foals during their first year. Biomarkers of collagen degradation (collagenase-generated neoepitopes of type-II collagen fragments, type-I and -II collagen fragments [COL2-3/4C(short)], and cross-linked telopeptide fragments of type-I collagen) and bone mineralization (osteocalcin) were positive indicators of osteochondrosis severity at 5 months of age. In foals with lesions at 11 months of age, osteochondrosis severity correlated negatively with COL2-3/4C(short) and osteocalcin and positively with C-propeptide of type-II procollagen (CPII), a collagen synthesis marker. Radiographic grading of osteochondrosis lesions significantly correlated with macroscopic osteochondrosis severity score at both ages and was strongest when combined with osteocalcin at 5 months and CPII at 11 months. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The ability of serum biomarkers to indicate osteochondrosis severity appears to depend on stage of disease and is strengthened with radiography. In older foals with more permanent lesions, osteochondrosis severity is significantly related to biomarker concentrations of decreased bone formation and increased cartilage synthesis.