营养素对心肌肥厚影响的研究进展

心肌肥厚(Myocardial hypertrophy,MH)是一种以心室壁增厚为主要特征,长期可诱发心脏收缩和舒张功能不全,最终导致心肌衰竭、心律失常、心肌缺血甚至猝死的功能性改变并发症。研究发现,心血管疾病的病因,与遗传、环境和生活方式等因素有关,合理的膳食营养素摄入可以影响心脏的代谢水平,改善心血管功能,降低心肌肥厚发病的风险。通过调整饮食结构来预防和缓解心肌肥厚无疑提供了一种全新的治疗新思路。论文综述近年来蛋白质、糖类、脂肪等宏量营养素及维生素、矿物质等微量营养素对心肌肥厚发病的影响,并从膳食营养素的角度探索预防和治疗心肌肥厚的策略。     

强心苷西地兰对鹅心电图影响的研究

前言强心苷类药物是临床上常用的治疗心力衰竭等心脏疾患的重要药物,其治疗量和中毒量都可使心电图产生某些变化,认识这些变化有助于对药物剂量的掌握和对毒性的估计。强心苷类药物对心肌电生理特性的影响比较复杂,既能直接影响心肌代谢,加强心肌的收缩性,抑制其传导性。中毒时,由于心肌自律性、应激性的增强,亦易引起室性异位节律。因此,本研究仅就从心电图的测定中,探讨强心苷剂量以及构成中毒时引起心律失常的电生理学变化的基础及其规律性。     

羔羊白肌病的综合防控

正羔羊白肌病又称肌营养不良症和僵羊病。该病属营养代谢性疾病,常呈地方性和季节性流行,山羊羔和绵羊羔均可发生。其特征是心肌和骨骼肌组织发生变性,颜色变淡,甚至苍白,伴有运动功能障碍和急性心肌坏死等症状,若不及时治疗,病羊的死亡率很高。1病因分析羔羊白肌病既非传染病,又非遗传性疾病,而是由于缺乏微量元素硒和维生素E引起的营养代谢性     

不同生长期大通牦牛心肌和骨骼肌线粒体抗氧化作用的研究

对青海大通种牛场1、30、180日龄、成年含野血牦牛心肌和骨骼肌线粒体中LDH、SOD活性和LD、MDA含量进行测定。结果显示,牦牛心肌、骨骼肌线粒体LD、MDA含量在年龄组间差异不显著(P>0.05);心肌线粒体LDH活性随年龄的增长呈现递减趋势,骨骼肌线粒体LDH活性在年龄组间差异不显著(P>0.05);牦牛心肌线粒体SOD的活性在年龄组差异不显著(P>0.05),1日龄牦牛骨骼肌线粒体SOD活性最低,其他3个年龄组差异不显著(P>0.05)。表明牦牛在生长发育阶段骨骼肌、心肌线粒体无氧代谢和抗氧化功能保持相对稳定的适应性代谢水平。     

黄芪对链脲佐菌糖尿病模型大鼠抗氧化功能的影响

糖尿病（Diabetesmellitus，DM）是一组代谢性临床综合征，是由于胰岛素的分泌绝对和相对不足。致使葡萄糖不能进入细胞内进行正常代谢，脂肪和蛋白质的代谢亦可随之发生紊乱。研究表明，黄芪对糖尿病肾病有治疗作用，黄芪具有改善肾血流灌注、抗缺氧、抗自由基、保护红细胞的变形能力。糖尿病性心肌病的发生与心肌组织自由基的生成和脂质过氧化反应增强，引起细胞膜损伤、通透性增高有着密不可分的关系。在治疗糖尿病的处方中，黄芪单味药的使用率最高。黄芪为多年生豆科植物膜荚黄芪（东北黄芪）     

羔羊白肌病的诊治

白肌病是由于微量元素硒和维生素E缺乏而引起骨骼肌和心肌的变性、坏死,导致运动障碍和急性心脏机能紊乱为特征的一种幼畜代谢病。     

不同发育期黄牛有氧和无氧代谢相关指标的测定

用常规方法对平原地区不同发育期黄牛红细胞压积(Hct)、血红蛋白(Hb)、肌红蛋白(Mb)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)指标进行测定。结果:随着黄牛年龄的增长,血液中Hb及心肌和骨骼肌中Mb含量逐渐增加,但差异不显著(P>0.05),心肌Mb含量显著高于骨骼肌,差异显著(P<0.05);血液中Hct随年龄的增长逐渐降低,差异不显著(P>0.05);血清、骨骼肌、心肌组织及线粒体LDH活性在黄牛年龄组间差异均不显著(P>0.05);血清中LDH活性高于组织和线粒体,差异显著(P<0.05)。试验表明黄牛在生长发育过程中逐渐增加血液中Hb和心肌、骨骼肌中Mb含量来增强机体的有氧代谢机制,而无氧代谢机制保持在相对稳定的水平。     

GLP-1类似物对血糖、糖尿病心肌作用的研究进展

糖尿病是一类因胰岛素分泌或作用异常,造成糖、蛋白质等代谢紊乱,并伴随血管、肾脏、心脏等多部位并发症的代谢综合征,严重危害人类健康。GLP-1类似物作为新型糖尿病治疗药物,能有效调节胰岛素分泌,具有改善胰岛β细胞、降低心血管并发症、保护心肌等效果,本文对其作用机理、上市情况、临床应用等进行综述。     

幼畜白肌病的防治

白肌病就是以硒缺乏造成的骨骼肌、心肌及肝脏变性病变为基本特征的一种营养代谢疾病。在缺硒地区,幼畜极易因缺硒引起白肌病。     

养猪不可忽视“白肌病”

白肌病是骨骼肌和心肌等变性,肌肉呈现煮肉样或鱼肉样外观及肝脏变性坏死为主要特征的一种代谢性疾病.……     

Evaluation of cardiac performance of the dog after induction of portal hypertension and gastric ischemia

Objective: To determine changes in hemodynamic and cardiac energetic parameters in dogs after induction of portal hypertension and gastric ischemia. These blood flow alterations are similar to changes seen in splanchnic blood flow in dogs with gastric dilatation volvulus syndrome (GDV). Design: Original experimental study. Setting: Veterinary teaching hospital. Animals: Seven purpose‐bred, intact male dogs. Interventions: Standard midline laparotomy and median sternotomy were performed under general anesthesia. Dogs were instrumented to obtain arterial blood pressure, aortic flow, cardiac chamber pressures, central venous pressure, portal flow, and portal pressure. Colored microsphere technology was used for the determination of myocardial blood flow. Measurements and samples were obtained at baseline, following induction of portal hypertension, and after induction of portal hypertension and gastric ischemia. Measurements and main results: Left ventricular myocardial blood flow was increased from 81.8±20.1 mL/100 g/min at baseline to 127.7±57.2 mL/100 g/min (P=0.02) after induction of portal hypertension and gastric ischemia. Myocardial oxygen consumption increased from 142.2±27.4 J/min/100 g at baseline to 219.1±33.4 J/min/100 g (P=0.003) after induction of portal hypertension and gastric ischemia, but cardiac external work remained unchanged (13.67±6.2 to 13.27±9.6 J/min; P=0.78; power=0.79). Cardiac efficiency decreased from 11.6±6.1% at baseline to 7.6±5.1% (P=0.017) after induction of portal hypertension and gastric ischemia. Conclusions: Transfer of energy within the myocardium was less efficient after induction of portal hypertension and ischemia of the stomach wall. On the basis of these results, alterations in cardiac function associated with GDV may result from deterioration of cardiac efficiency.     

热应激对动物心肌细胞影响研究进展

热应激是动物饲养过程中经常遇到的难题,给畜牧业带来了较大的损失。由于心脏对热的敏感性较高,当动物机体遭受热应激损害时,首当其冲的器官往往是心脏。所以,如何提高心脏抵抗热应激的损伤,成为养殖业日益关注的焦点。论文从热应激对心脏的影响、心肌细胞在热应激作用下的组织形态学变化、热应激损伤心肌细胞的机制、热应激作用下心肌细胞的自我保护及如何提高心肌细胞对热应激的抵抗能力方面,结合近年来的研究做一综述。     

Cardiac Troponin I (cTnI) concentration in an ovine model of myocardial ischemia

Cardiac Troponin I (cTnI) is a polypeptide involved in myocardial contraction and has been shown to be a highly sensitive biomarker of myocardial injury in humans. Chronic myocardial ischemia was induced in eight adult sheep by anterior coronary artery legation. Forty-five days after coronary artery legation, sheep underwent autologous myoblasts implantation to the infarct area to improve local tissue regeneration. Blood samples were taken at regular intervals before and after the induced coronary ischemia and myoblast implantation and serum levels of cTnI were assessed with chemiluminescent immunodosage using a commercially available anti-human cTnI monoclonal antibody. cTnI levels began to increase the day after coronary legation and after myoblast implantation and gradually recovered to physiological levels in the next 14 days. Furthermore, the commercial anti-human antibody was shown to completely cross react with the ovine polypeptide as well as with canine, swine and equine sera.     

旋毛虫致小鼠心肌损伤的试验

本研究旨在对重度感染旋毛虫后小鼠心肌损伤的研究。通过对小鼠接种旋毛虫,1 000条/只,分别于不同时间对血清中心肌损伤标志物H-FABP、CK-MB和cTnT进行动态检测,以及心肌组织病理形态学变化进行观察。结果显示,H-FABP比CK-MB、cTnT敏感性高(P<0.05),出现及达到高峰的时间最早;感染旋毛虫后19d～24d,心肌组织损伤最为严重。H-FABP可用于早期旋毛虫病患者心肌损伤的诊断,具有较高的敏感性和特异性。     

不同海拔地区牦牛血液生化指标的比较研究

试验从心肌酶活性、肝脏代谢、肾脏代谢、机体抗氧化能力、能量代谢及脂代谢方面比较两个不同海拔地区的牦牛血液生化指标的差异，为牦牛高原低氧适应性提供理论依据。在青海省大通种牛场（较高海拔地区）采集牦牛血样49份，在河北省红松洼牧场（较低海拔地区）采集牦牛血样29份，检测25项血液生化指标，采用独立样本t检验对2个牦牛群体的检测结果进行比较分析。结果显示，与较低海拔地区牦牛相比，较高海拔地区牦牛血液生化指标中谷丙转氨酶（ALT）、谷草转氨酶（AST）、磷酸肌酸激酶同工酶（CK-MB）、α-羟丁酸脱氢酶（α-HBDH）、乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）活性及总胆红素（TBiL）、直接胆红素（DBiL）、总蛋白（TP）、球蛋白（GLB）、肌酐（CRE）、尿酸（UA）、丙二醛（MDA）、葡萄糖（GLU）水平极显著升高（P<0.01），碱性磷酸酶（ALP）活性显著升高（P<0.05）；超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性、血管内皮舒张因子（NO）、白蛋白（ALB）、甘油三酯（TG）水平及白球比（A/G）极显著降低（P<0.01）；其余指标均无显著差异（P>0.05）。结果表明，两个不同海拔地区的牦牛心肌酶活性、机体代谢功能及抗氧化能力存在一定差异，较高海拔地区的牦牛长期身处低氧环境，逐渐产生高原适应性。     

Cardiac troponins

Objective: To review the use of cardiac troponins as biomarkers for myocardial injury in human and veterinary medicine. Data sources: Data sources included scientific reviews and original research publications. Human data synthesis: Cardiac troponins have been extensively studied in human medicine. Finding an elevated cardiac troponin level carries important diagnostic and prognostic information for humans with cardiovascular disease. Troponin assays are used primarily to diagnose acute myocardial infarction in patients with ischemic symptoms such as chest pain. However, elevated blood levels may be found with any cause of myocardial injury. Veterinary data synthesis: Several studies have shown that cardiac troponins are sensitive and specific for myocardial damage in veterinary patients and may have utility in diagnosis and prognosis for certain disease states. Human assays may be used in most animals due to significant homology in the troponin proteins between species. Conclusions: Cardiac troponins are sensitive and specific markers of myocardial injury although they do not give any information regarding the mechanism of injury. They have redefined how acute myocardial infarction is diagnosed in humans. Their use in the clinical management of veterinary patients is limited at this time. Further prospective studies are warranted.     

心肌原代细胞培养概述

心肌细胞培养作为一种体外研究模型,可以更便捷的从细胞和分子水平对其生长、发育、生理、代谢、病理等进行研究,在许多研究领域有重要意义。笔者等对心肌细胞增殖特点、组成、分类和形态特点及原代心肌细胞培养方法进行综述。     

Doppler myocardial tissue imaging: a new promising echocardiographic technique

Tissue Doppler Imaging (TDI) is a recent ultrasound technique allowing quantification of regional myocardial function by measurement of myocardial velocities throughout the cardiac cycle. The physical principle of TDI is based on the ability of ultrasound machines to selectively display the low velocity--high amplitude Doppler signals from the myocardial walls. Three TDI modes may be used: the pulsed wave mode, the 2D color mode and the color M-mode. Several studies have already shown that TDI is a more sensitive and specific technique than conventional Doppler echocardiography for detecting moderate myocardial alterations in different settings such as hypertrophic and dilated cardiomyopathies, ischemia and heart transplant disorders. TDI might therefore be used as an accurate technique for screening cardiomyopathies, and could also represent in the next future a useful tool for evaluating the efficacy of early cardiac therapeutic interventions.