大雁、斑头雁和天鹅源沙门氏菌血清及脉冲场凝胶电泳分型研究

为了解大雁、斑头雁及天鹅源沙门氏菌流行特征和脉冲场凝胶电泳（PFGE）分型,本研究对33株沙门氏菌进行血清型鉴定,采用PFGE对其进行基因分型,并用BioNumerics 6.6软件进行聚类分析。鉴定出丙型副伤寒沙门氏菌6株、汤卜逊沙门氏菌19株、乙型副伤寒沙门氏菌1株、伊鲁木沙门氏菌1株、奥斯陆沙门氏菌1株、5株未定型。PFGE聚类分型共分为16个型别,其相似度为53.7%~100.0%,且大多数菌株与人源菌株相似度超过80%。结果表明,大雁、斑头雁及天鹅源沙门氏菌相同血清型PFGE带型高度相似,可能来自同一克隆株,不同血清型PFGE带型差别较大。     

广西地区鸡源沙门氏菌的分离鉴定及耐药状况研究

为了解广西地区临床病鸡中沙门氏菌的流行情况以及沙门氏菌对常用抗菌药物的耐药状况,本研究对2014年—2015年送检的121只疑似沙门氏菌感染病鸡进行细菌的分离鉴定以及耐药性研究。结果共分离到49株沙门氏菌,包括4种血清型,其中鸡白痢沙门氏菌(S.pullorum)41株、鸡伤寒沙门氏菌(S.gallinarum)4株、鼠伤寒沙门氏菌(S.typhimurium)3株和肯塔基沙门氏菌(S.kentucky)1株。分离株对磺胺异恶唑耐药率最高,达93.9%,其次为复方新诺明、萘啶酸、阿莫西林和氨苄西林,多重耐药菌株占93.7%,分离株最多可耐10种抗生素。结果表明,自广西地区送检的病鸡中分离到的沙门氏菌以鸡白痢沙门氏菌为优势血清型,鸡源沙门氏菌的多重耐药问题比较严重。     

鸡沙门氏菌病的诊断与防治

鸡沙门氏菌病是由沙门氏菌属的一种或几种沙门氏菌引起的急性或慢性传染病,包括由鸡白痢沙门氏杆菌引起的鸡白痢,由鸡伤寒沙门氏杆菌引起的禽伤寒,以鼠伤寒沙门氏杆菌为主的多种沙门氏杆菌引起的禽副伤寒.其中鸡白痢最为常见,危害也最大.沙门氏菌属有 2000 多种血清型,在我国就发现200多个血清型,许多血清型可使人感染后发生食物...     

4种鸡源致病性沙门氏菌多重PCR检测方法的建立及应用

建立一种多重PCR方法,同时检测肠炎、鼠伤寒、鸡白痢/鸡伤寒沙门氏菌。针对沙门氏菌属特异性invA基因、肠炎沙门氏菌特异性Sdf I序列、鼠伤寒沙门氏菌特异性STM4497基因、鸡白痢/鸡伤寒沙门氏菌flhB基因设计引物,对引物浓度和反应条件进行优化,并对多重PCR特异性和灵敏度进行评估。利用建立的多重PCR方法调查河北地区蛋种鸡生产链中沙门氏菌流行现状。研究建立的多重PCR方法可快速、特异性鉴别肠炎、鼠伤寒、鸡白痢/鸡伤寒沙门氏菌,最低检出限为100 CFU细菌和0.5 ng基因组DNA。沙门氏菌流行病学调查显示,肠炎沙门氏菌是河北地区蛋种鸡生产链中沙门氏菌主要流行血清型。成功建立鉴别肠炎、鼠伤寒、鸡白痢/鸡伤寒沙门氏菌的多重PCR方法,对沙门氏菌流行病学调查及临床快速诊断具有重要意义。     

6株鸭源沙门氏菌的分离鉴定与药敏试验

沙门氏菌病是危害水禽业养殖业重要的细菌性传染病之一，为了解鸭源沙门氏菌的血清型、耐药性以及基因型特征的分布情况，试验对徐州地区发病鸭采用沙门氏菌PCR鉴定，对分离获得的沙门氏菌进行了生化、血清型鉴定，并进行药敏试验与脉冲场凝胶电泳(PFGE)分子分型。研究结果表明，分离鉴定的6株沙门氏菌的优势血清型为鼠伤寒沙门氏菌，占50%;药敏试验结果表明，6株沙门氏菌分离株对克林霉素耐药性最高，其次是头孢吡肟、头孢拉定、庆大霉素、红霉素、复方新诺明、多黏菌素B,并且多重耐药性严重，达100%;对甲氧苄氨嘧啶、氯霉素、四环素较敏感。PFGE显示6株分离株基因型成多样性，相似度大于50%,具有流行相关性。     

华东地区禽源沙门菌的分布及血清型分析

本文旨在研究中国华东地区沙门菌分布情况及其优势菌的血清型变异情况.收集2010年10月-2012年8月来源于江苏、安徽、上海等地区的1 730份禽源样品,进行增菌、纯化、PCR鉴定、血清学试验及生化试验,并对7株血清型有变异的疑似鸡白痢沙门菌进行进一步序列测定,对血清型进行分析.结果表明,本次调查中共分离沙门菌87株,包括鼠伤寒沙门菌、德尔卑沙门菌、圣保罗沙门菌、鸡白痢沙门菌及阿巴特图巴沙门菌,并且在鸡白痢沙门菌血清型H相存在Hd、Hg阳性的现象.结果提示,中国禽类沙门菌感染以鸡白痢沙门菌感染为主,且存在血清型变异情况,变异概率呈上升趋势.     

水禽源沙门菌的分离鉴定与PFGE分子分型

为了明确目前广东省水禽源沙门菌的优势血清型及其分子流行病学动态,采用细菌分离纯化、生化特性鉴定和PCR扩增从316份样品中分离鉴定出188株水禽源沙门菌;采用玻片凝集法将分离株分为4(B、D、C1、E1)个群别8种血清型;采用脉冲场凝胶电泳(PFGE)分型法对分离株进行分子分型,得到PFGE-XbaⅠ带型62种,菌株间相似度为54.1%~100.0%,分为A^I共9个聚类簇与11个单一基因型。结果表明,广东水禽源沙门菌优势血清型为鼠伤寒沙门菌,PFGE-XbaⅠ带型具多样化,其中11种PFGE-XbaⅠ带型在区域和年份小范围集中流行,32种带型跨区域与跨时间交叉分布呈散在"流行暴发",不同血清型分离株的PFGE-XbaⅠ带型差异较大,相同血清型的分离株PFGE-XbaⅠ带型一般具有相同图谱型或聚类在一起。本研究采用PFGE法进行分子分型分析具有流行病学意义,并探明了本地沙门菌分离株血清型与分子分型的关系。     

鸭沙门氏菌的分离与鉴定

禽沙门氏菌病是由沙门氏菌属中的一种或多种引起禽类急性或慢性疾病的总称.沙门氏菌的血清型复杂,到目前为止,大约有2 400多个血清型,而感染禽类的主要有鼠伤寒沙门氏菌、鸡白痢沙门氏菌、鸡伤寒沙门氏菌、肠炎沙门氏菌、鸭沙门氏菌、乙型副伤寒沙门氏菌、猪霍乱沙门氏菌等几个血清型.……     

猪源沙门氏菌毒力基因检测及脉冲场凝胶电泳分型研究

为了解上海及周边地区猪源沙门氏菌的血清型分布、毒力基因及分子分型情况,我们对21株临床分离到的猪源沙门氏菌用沙门氏菌属诊断血清鉴定血清型;采用多重聚合酶链式反应,检测17个主要的毒力基因;应用脉冲场凝胶电泳(PFGE)技术进行分子分型,探寻21株沙门氏菌之间的亲缘关系。结果显示,21株沙门氏菌中,19株血清型为7∶c∶5,1株为4∶i∶2,1株未鉴定出;21株沙门氏菌的17个毒力基因中检出16个,菌株之间无差别;经PFGE后,每个菌株产生13~18条电泳条带,用Bionumerics软件进行聚类分析表明,21株猪源沙门菌相似度在77%~100%,可分为2种不同的基因型,其中A型有19株、B型2株,亲缘关系较近。本次实验分离的沙门氏菌血清型以7∶c∶5为主,含有16个主要的毒力基因,A型为优势基因型。     

鸡源致病性沙门氏菌的分离鉴定及血清型和药物敏感性分析

为了解当前广西鸡源致病性沙门氏菌的优势流行菌株及耐药情况,掌握其最新流行特点,本试验采集疑似病鸡的组织病料,对沙门氏菌进行增菌和分离培养,运用VITEK System ATB Expression法ID 32E肠杆菌鉴定试剂条对分离菌株进行生化试验鉴定,应用玻片凝集试验进行血清型鉴定,采用ATB VET药敏试剂条对30种肠杆菌抗菌药物进行药物敏感性试验。结果显示,从310份疑似鸡病料中分离鉴定出34株致病性沙门氏菌;这些分离菌株中有A群1株、C2群1株、B群15株和D群14株,另有3株未定型,其中以B群鼠伤寒沙门氏菌和D群鸡白痢沙门氏菌为优势菌株;34株分离株均对美洛培南、亚胺培南、大观霉素和安普霉素敏感,对氯霉素、卡那霉素、庆大霉素的耐药率小于10%,对阿莫西林、链霉素、氟甲喹、噁喹酸、磺胺甲噁唑、四环素和呋喃妥因耐药率介于50%和90%之间,而对青霉素、苯唑西林、夫西地酸、利福平和甲硝唑的耐药率达到100%,并且存在多重耐药现象。结果表明,鸡源致病性沙门氏菌的流行菌株具有一定的地域性,当前广西以鼠伤寒沙门氏菌和鸡白痢沙门氏菌为主,流行菌株耐药性严重,应高度关注。     

PFGE Genotyping and Serotype Analysis of Salmonella Isolated from Goose,Anserindicus and Cygnus

To understand the Salmonella epidemic characteristics and pulsed field gel electrophoresis（PFGE）genotyping of goose,Anserindicus and Cygnus,33 strains of Salmonella were serotype typed by PFGE and genotyped with BioNumerics 6.6 cluster analysis software.The results showed that there were 16 PFGE patterns,which displayed 6 strains Salmonella paratyphi C,19 strains Salmonella thompson,1 strains Salmonella paratyphi B,1 strain Salmonella irumu,1 strain Salmonella oslo,5 undifferentiated.PFGE similarity is about 53.7% to 100.0%,and most of the strains and anthropogenic strains similarity was more than 80%.The results showed that goose,Anserindicus and Cygnus Salmonella serotypes same PFGE type with a high degree of similarity,and possibly from the same clone,quite different serotypes PFGE band pattern difference.     

鸡源沙门菌的耐药性及脉冲场凝胶电泳分型研究

为了解北京地区鸡源沙门菌血清型的分布、耐药性以及基因型情况,利用Riboprinter全自动微生物基因指纹鉴定仪对分离到的沙门菌进行血清型鉴定,采用微量肉汤稀释法进行药物敏感性测定,应用脉冲场凝胶电泳(PFGE)进行基因分型.结果显示,共分离到15株肠炎沙门菌、1株鼠伤寒沙门菌,沙门菌对利福平、萘啶酸和多黏菌素E的耐药...     

Differential identification of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Gallinarum biovars Gallinarum and Pullorum based on polymorphic regions of glgC and speC genes

Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Gallinarum biovars Gallinarum and Pullorum cause fowl typhoid and pullorum disease in avian species, respectively, and have been of considerable economic importance to the poultry industry in parts of the world. The definitive diagnosis of these diseases can be made only by isolation and identification of the causative agent. However, rapid identification of biovars Gallinarum and Pullorum is not easily feasible due to their common antigenic structure and genomic sequence similarity. We developed a duplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay to identify and discriminate between strains of biovars Gallinarum and Pullorum. Duplex PCR primers were designed to target polymorphic regions of glgC and speC genes showing multiple mutations in the sequenced S. enterica subsp. enterica serovar Gallinarum 287/91 genome and were applied to the specific identification of biovars Gallinarum and Pullorum. Boiled lysates of 131 reference and field strains of Salmonella and other related Gram-negative bacteria were tested to validate the duplex PCR assay. All strains of biovars Gallinarum (n=53) and Pullorum (n=21) tested were correctly identified based on this assay (100% sensitivity) while the other strains (n=57) were PCR negative (100% specificity). These results demonstrate that a highly accurate biovar-specific duplex PCR assay can be performed for the rapid identification and discrimination of biovars Gallinarum and Pullorum from field isolates.     

Genomic relatedness among Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae field strains of sterotypes 1 and 5 isolated from healthy and diseased pigs.

Forty-four Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae isolates recovered from both healthy and diseased pigs were characterized by random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis (RAPD), pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and apx toxin gene typing. Nine RAPD types and 14 PFGE patterns were identified. No common RAPD or PFGE patterns were found between strains of serotype 1 and those of serotype 5. The RAPD analysis indicated that the 15 serotype 1 strains isolated from diseased pigs were assigned to 4 RAPD types, with 66% of strains characterized by the same RAPD type. By contrast, the 5 strains of serotype 1 isolated from healthy carriers were dispersed in 4 RAPD types. These data suggest that the diversity of strains isolated from healthy pigs could be higher than that of strains recovered from diseased pigs. In addition, all serotype 5 strains exhibited a unique RAPD type. Unlike RAPD, PFGE analysis allowed discrimination among isolates of serotype 1 and among those of serotype 5. All but 3 isolates showed the same apx genotype as their respective serotype reference strain. These data indicate that RAPD analysis is a valuable rapid tool for routine subtyping of strains of serotype 1. For strains of serotype 5, a combination of several typing methods, such as PFGE and apx gene typing, is needed to provide useful information on the molecular epidemiology of swine pleuropneumonia.     

Structural characterization and serological specificities of lipopolysaccharides from Salmonella enterica serovar Gallinarum biovar Pullorum standard, intermediate and variant antigenic type strains

The structure and serological specificities of the lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) from Salmonella enterica serovar Gallinarum biovar Pullorum were studied to provide an improved basis for the distinction between antigenic types and the development of improved diagnostic tests. The structure of the LPS O-polysaccharide (O-PS) from S. Pullorum standard, intermediate and variant antigenic type strains was determined by mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and chemical analysis. The LPS of the three strains shared a common structural repeating oligosaccharide unit containing d-mannose, l-rhamnose, d-galactose and d-tyvelose (1:1:1:1). The O-PS of the variant type LPS contained an additional d-glucose residue linked to the O-4 position of the d-galactose residue. The O-PS of the intermediate type LPS was partially the same as that of the variant LPS, however, the molar ratio of the d-glucose component was lower with respect to the other glycose components. Serological specificities of the three antigenic type LPSs were examined with anti-S. Pullorum LPS monoclonal antibodies (Mabs). On immunoblots, Mabs to the standard type O-PS reacted with high molecular mass (HMM) and low molecular mass (LMM) LPS from the standard strain, and with LMM but not HMM LPS from the variant strain. Monoclonal antibodies to the variant type O-PS reacted with HMM but not LMM LPS from the variant strain, and did not react with HMM or LMM LPS from the standard strain. On ELISA, the standard, intermediate and variant antigenic type strains were differentiated by the relative reactivity with the anti-LPS O-PS Mabs. Several of the anti-LPS O-PS Mabs were specific for S. Pullorum and other serogroup D1 Salmonella, and are potentially useful for the development of improved diagnostic tests for these organisms.     

鸡白痢沙门氏菌阳性血清国家标准品制备用菌株的筛选

为了制备鸡白痢沙门氏菌阳性血清标准型国家标准品及鸡白痢沙门氏菌阳性血清变异型国家标准品,对中国兽医微生物菌种保藏管理中心保藏的10株来源背景清晰的鸡白痢沙门氏菌菌株的形态、生化特性、培养特性、血清学特性、抗原性进行了鉴定,并进行了变异检查及沙门氏菌基于inv A基因的PCR检测。结果表明,CVCC79201株及CVCC79207株分别符合鸡白痢沙门氏菌标准型菌株及变异型菌株的特性,CVCC79201株菌制备的抗原与WHO标准实验室提供的AntiS.Pullorum Serum(S)及Anti-S.Pullorum Serum(V)国际标准品的强阳性血清和弱阳性血清均能发生100%凝集,CVCC79207株菌制备的抗原与Anti-S.Pullorum Serum(S)国际标准品的弱阳性血清发生75%凝集,与Anti-S.Pullorum Serum(S)国际标准品的强阳性血清及Anti-S.Pullorum Serum(V)国际标准品的强阳性血清和弱阳性血清均能发生100%凝集。用其制备免疫抗原免疫家兔后获得的阳性血清效价较高于鸡白痢沙门氏菌阳性血清国际标准品。结果证明,CVCC79201株及CVCC79207株可分别用于制备鸡白痢沙门氏菌阳性血清标准型国家标准品及鸡白痢沙门氏菌阳性血清变异型国家标准品。     

病死雏鸡的病原分离鉴定

从送检的３１只病死雏鸡中分离出３０株致病菌，其中沙门氏杆菌２７株，分离率９０％，大肠杆菌６株，分离率２０％。对其中５株沙门氏杆菌和４株大肠杆菌进行了系统生化鉴定及血清型鉴定，证实５株沙门氏菌中鸡白痢沙门氏杆菌占６０％（３／５），鸡伤寒沙门氏杆菌占４０％（２／５），４株大肠杆菌中Ｏ２２株，Ｏ６１株，Ｏ１１５１株。对分离菌进行了雏鸡致病力及抗菌药物敏感性试验，提出了相应的预防对策     

华中地区鸡源沙门菌分离鉴定及耐药性分析

为了探明华中地区种鸡场沙门菌(Salmonella)的优势血清型和耐药情况,本研究从湖北、河南、湖南等省市22个规模化鸡场采集病鸡、死胚及弱雏组织样品3 724份,通过分离培养、生化试验、PCR鉴定及血清型试验确定分离菌种属及其血清型,并采用Kirby-Bauer法对分离菌株进行了耐药性分析。结果显示,本试验从3 724份病料中共分离鉴定出124株沙门菌,其中79株为D群肠炎沙门菌(63.71%,79/124),34株为D群鸡白痢沙门菌(27.42%,34/124),8株为B群鼠伤寒沙门菌(6.45%,8/124),有3株沙门菌未能确定血清型。O抗原鉴定79株肠炎沙门菌和34株鸡白痢沙门菌为O9,8株鼠伤寒沙门菌为O4。H抗原鉴定79株肠炎沙门菌为Hg,m,8株鼠伤寒沙门菌为Hi。药敏试验结果显示,124株分离菌株对萘啶酸、氨苄青霉素、四环素和多西环素耐药率分别为95.97%(119/124)、91.94%(114/124)、57.26%(71/124)和70.16%(87/124);对复方新诺明和红霉素耐药率分别为25.81%(32/124)和12.10%(15/124);对氯霉素、庆大霉素、头孢噻肟和卡那霉素耐药率分别为6.45%(8/124)、1.61%(2/124)、1.61%(2/124)和0.81%(1/124);对左氧氟沙星、阿米卡星和多黏菌素B完全敏感。99.19%(123/124)的分离株至少对一种药物耐药,87.10%(108/124)的分离株表现多重耐药。本研究为华中地区养鸡场沙门菌的诊断及防控提供了数据支撑。     

Identification of genes responsible for biofilm formation or virulence in Salmonella enterica serovar pullorum

Salmonella living in biofilms are more resistant to chemical and physical stresses. However, information regarding the regulation of genes involved in biofilm formation for Salmonella enterica serovar Pullorum remains limited. In this study, eight mutants with knockout of genes ompR, rpoS, rfaG, rfbH, rhlE, metE, spiA, or steB from the Salmonella enterica serovar Pullorum strain S6702 were constructed. Phenotypic analysis revealed that all mutants were similar to the wild-type strain in growth rate. Only the ompR mutant showed a complete loss of production ofcurli and biofilm formation. The other mutants showed a modified production of curli and cellulose with less effect related to biofilm formation. The results of animal experiments indicated that the deletion of genes ompR, spiA, rfaG, or metE in wild-type strains contributed to attenuation of virulence in 1-day-old chickens. This study may bring new insights into novel vaccines or therapeutic interventions against Salmonella enterica serovar Pullorum infections.