STRESS FRACTURES OF THE HUMERUS, RADIUS, AND TIBIA IN HORSES

The medical records, radiographic and nuclear scintigraphic findings of 26 racing horses with 27 stress fracture episodes of the humerus, radius, or tibia were reviewed. The purposes of this study were to describe the radiographic and/or scintigraphic features of stress fractures of the humerus, radius, or tibia, and to evaluate the signalment and history of horses in which stress fracture occurred. Stress fractures of the three long bones examined were primarily seen in 2-and 3-year-old male Thoroughbred horses; commonly, the onset of lameness was immediately following training gallops or racing. There were 13 humeral stress fracture episodes in 12 horses. Ten were in the proximal caudolateral cortex, and three were in the distal craniomedial cortex. Radial stress fractures were seen in three horses, all in the midshaft radius. Tibial stress fractures were diagnosed in 11 horses. They were located in the proximal lateral tibia in six horses, the distal caudolateral tibia in three horses, and the midshaft tibia in three horses. Fifteen stress fractures were diagnosed with radiographs alone, one was diagnosed with scintigraphy alone, nine were diagnosed with radiographs and scintigraphy, and, in two horses, radiographs were negative, but the scintigraphic findings were consistent with stress fracture.     

家兔亚硒酸中毒的病理形态学研究

给家兔分别肌肉注射不同剂量的亚硒酸钠，历时入周，复制出亚急性硒中毒的动物模型。病理形态学变化为：家兔的生长受到明显抑制，肝，肾，心，脾等组织器官损害严重如肝实质细胞变性，坏死；肾实质退行病变；心肌纤维变性，充血，肺淤血，水肿：脾萎缩，淋巴细胞坏死，肝，肾，心细胞内线粒高度肿胀，嵴减少，断裂或消失成空泡。     

羔羊小肠pH及主要消化酶发育规律的研究

对小尾寒羊羔羊小肠不同部位(十二指肠、空肠和回肠)pH及淀粉酶、胰蛋白酶、糜蛋白酶、脂肪酶和乳糖酶的活性进行了测定，结果表明：羔羊小肠不同部位内容物pH不同，回肠pH显著高于空肠，空肠和回肠pH显著高于十二指肠，羔羊1月龄后，小肠各段pH变化不大；小肠不同部位淀粉酶和胰蛋白酶、糜蛋白酶及脂肪酶活性不同，空肠段淀粉酶、胰蛋白酶、糜蛋白酶及脂肪酶活性高于十二指肠和回肠段，随着羔羊日龄的增长，小肠淀粉酶、胰蛋白酶、糜蛋白酶及脂肪酶活性增加，3月龄后各消化酶活性变化差异不显著(P＜O．05)；羔羊小肠不同部位乳糖酶活性不同，空肠乳糖酶活性显著高于十二指肠和回肠，随着羔羊日龄的增长，小肠乳糖酶活性逐渐降低。     

2009—201O年新疆地区家禽禽流感免疫抗体监测与分析

2009--2010年,对新疆部分地区蛋鸡、肉鸡、家养水禽的养殖场随机采集血清样品10193份,活禽市场采集血清样品1620份。用HI方法对禽流感免疫抗体进行检测,结果表明：蛋鸡的H5免疫抗体合格率为33．33％～100％,其中0效价率为33．33%-80．00％;H9免疫抗体合格率为62．4%-100％,20%-33％蛋鸡场存在100％的0效价现象。肉鸡H5免疫抗体合格率为0％-100％,其中7．69%-69．6％肉鸡群中H5抗体0效价率为100％。水禽的H5免疫抗体合格率为0%-100％,有25％33．33％鸭群全部是0效价。活禽市场H5抗体效价≥410g2的比例为10．59％-83．57％,H9抗体效价至410醇的比例21．70％-67．14％。     

Two Cases of Metastatic Parathyroid Carcinoma in Male C3H Mice Following Irradiation

White nodules were observed in the thyroid in two male C3H mice (at 99 and 122 weeks of age) exposed to fast neutrons at the age of 8 weeks. Histopathologically, in both cases, tumors were developed in the region corresponding to the parathyroid gland, and the tumor cells were arranged in a solid sheet or nest-like structures. Necrosis, cell debris and/or hemorrhage were sometimes seen in the center of the tumor structures. Tumor cells were small and uniform with scanty cytoplasm, cell margins were indistinct, and basally located tumor cells were aligned along the vascular stroma. Mitotic figures were frequently observed. Metastasis to the renal cortex was observed in both cases. These cases were diagnosed as parathyroid carcinoma. A parathyroid tumor is an extremely rare endocrine tumor in mice, regardless of whether the tumor is spontaneous or experimentally induced. These cases may have been induced by neutron-exposure; however, how radiation induces parathyroid carcinoma in mice is not clear.     

水牛PPARG来源环状RNA的鉴定及表达谱分析

为鉴定前期转录组测序分析结果的可靠性，并从中挖掘水牛脂肪沉积潜在环状RNA（circular RNA，circRNA），本研究对10个来源于过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ（PPARG）基因的circRNA进行鉴定，根据测序获得的候选circRNA序列信息，设计对向引物进行半定量检测和普通测序以获得真实存在的circRNA，采用实时荧光定量PCR分析其在水牛不同组织和不同部位脂肪组织中的表达谱，半定量检测其在不同物种间的保守性。结果显示，10个候选circRNA中，有5个circRNA可以检测到，测序验证序列与转录组测序分析获得的序列一致，其中2个circRNA可设计出特异性的定量引物，这2个circRNA主要在脂肪组织中表达，且在不同部位脂肪组织中的表达量存在差异；另外3个circRNA在黄牛、牦牛、猪和小鼠的脂肪组织中均有表达，序列长度一致，序列相似度高。以上研究结果提示，转录组测序分析获得的结果可靠，其中有2个circRNA主要在脂肪组织中表达，且物种间保守，可作为研究水牛脂肪沉积的候选基因。     

奶牛蹄病的治疗

将患有蹄病的牛按病情严重程度分三级,在每级中各选出12头,并将36头随机分成4组,每组共9头。第1组为对照组,第2组每头牛日粮中加35%石粉18g,第3组每头牛日粮中加硫酸锌1.2g,第4组每头牛日粮中同时加35%石粉18g和硫酸锌1.2g。同样护理,每星期对试验牛群进行修蹄及常规治疗。经过1个月的治疗第1组治愈1头,有效3头,无效5头;第2组治愈2头,有效6头,无效1头;第3组治愈3头,有效4头,无效2头;第4组治愈7头,有效2头,无效0头。卡方检测除第2、3两组差异不显著外,其他各组之间差异显著。说明在日粮中适量提高钙和锌对奶牛蹄病有良好的预防和治疗作用。     

上市肉鸡组织样品中铅、镉、铜、铬含量的测定

从江苏省某市采集上市肉鸡组织样品 ,采用微波消解 石墨炉 原子吸收分光光度法 ,测定主要组织 (心脏、肝脏、肌胃、胸肌、肾脏、腿肌、骨骼 )中铅、镉、铜、铬等重金属元素的含量。检验结果 :组织中Pb的含量以心脏最高 (1 3478± 0 531 2 )mg/kg ,肝脏次之 (1 1 2 6 3±0 534 0 )mg/kg ,骨骼最低 (0 1 0 1 8± 0 0 0 6 6)mg/kg ,样品含Pb超标率按上述组织顺序分别为 :1 0 0 %、 96 87%、 96 87%、 87 50 %、1 0 0 %、 81 2 5 %和 0 ;组织中Cd的含量以肾脏最高 (0 0 63 0± 0 0 2 0 2 )mg/kg,骨骼次之 (0 0 55 9± 0 0 2 0 5)mg/kg ,样品含Cd超标率分别为 :6 2 5 %、 0、 3 1 3 %、 0、 0、 0和 0 ;组织中Cu的含量以心脏最高 (8 492 7± 1 90 1 2 )mg/kg,肝脏次之 (8 462 8± 1 666 4)mg/kg ,腿肌最低 (0 8373± 0 741 4 )mg/kg ,样品含Cu超标率分别为 :1 2 50 %、 1 5 63 %、 9 38%、 3 1 3 %、 0、 0和 0 ;组织中Cr的含量以肾脏最高(1 642 5± 1 0 1 0 0 )mg/kg ,肝脏次之 (1 642 5± 0 61 97)mg/kg ,样品含Cr超标率分别为 :50 0 0 %、 62 70 %、 9 38%、 3 1 3 %、 0、 0和 0。检测数据表明 ,鸡主要组织样品中Pb含量严重超标 ;肝脏、肾脏中Cr超标较严重 ,Cd和Cu也有不同程度?     

RADIOGRAPHIC AND ANGIOGRAPHIC EVALUATIONS OF FERRETS EXPERIMENTALLY INFECTED WITH DIROFILARIA IMMITIS

Five ferrets of each sex were each inoculated with 15 third-stage infective larvae of Dirofilaria immitis to study radiographic and angiographic changes in the cardiopulmonary system following heartworm infection; 5 additional ferrets of each sex served as noninfected controls. Prior to inoculation and every 8 weeks thereafter until 40 weeks, the infected and noninfected ferrets were radiographed; angiographic examinations were done prior to necropsy. At necropsy, the worms in the heart, lungs, and associated vessels were counted, and lung histosections were prepared and examined for changes. Radiographic changes were seen in the right side of the heart and associated vessels of infected ferrets as compared with the noninfected ferrets, but changes were less prominent than those seen in heartworm-infected dogs and cats. The changes were primarily an increase in the size of the right side of the heart, especially the right atrium. Radiographically, no changes could be visualized in the pulmonary vascular system. Worms in the enlarged cranial vena cava, azygous vein, and left caudal lobar pulmonary artery of infected animals were delineated by angiography. Histologically, no changes were seen in the pulmonary vascular tissues.     

五指山猪皮下脂肪组织lncRNA和mRNA的鉴定与分析

为了鉴定和分析五指山猪背部和腹部皮下脂肪组织中差异表达的长链非编码RNA(long noncoding RNA, lncRNA)和信使RNA(messenger RNA, mRNA),采用RNA-Seq和生物信息学方法对五指山猪皮下脂肪组织中的lncRNA和mRNA进行分析筛选,运用DESeq鉴定背部和腹部皮下脂肪组织中差异表达的lncRNA和mRNA,并对差异表达的lncRNA进行靶基因预测分析。结果显示:在五指山猪皮下脂肪组织中共鉴定出12 875个lncRNA,其中正义型10 155个、反义型278个、内含子型246个、基因间型2 196个;在背部与腹部皮下脂肪间,存在184个差异表达的mRNA,其中前十位分别是ZIC1、ZIC4、HAND2、CCBE1、RPH3A、ISM1、ANXA8、SLITRK4、DSG2、EVPL,存在45个差异表达的lncRNA,其中6个只在背部皮下脂肪中表达、18个只在腹部皮下脂肪中表达;获得差异表达lncRNA的靶基因共109个,包括顺式作用的靶基因和反式作用的靶基因。本试验为进一步研究lncRNA和mRNA调控猪皮下脂肪发育的分子机制提供科学依据。     

2009—201O年新疆地区家禽禽流感免疫抗体监测与分析

2009—2010年,对新疆部分地区蛋鸡、肉鸡、家养水禽的养殖场随机采集血清样品10193份,活禽市场采集血清样品1620份。用HI方法对禽流感免疫抗体进行检测,结果表明:蛋鸡的H5免疫抗体合格率为33.33%～100%,其中0效价率为33.33%～80.00%;H9免疫抗体合格率为62.4%～100%,20%～33%蛋鸡场存在100%的0效价现象。肉鸡H5免疫抗体合格率为0%～100%,其中7.69%～69.6%肉鸡群中H5抗体0效价率为100%。水禽的H5免疫抗体合格率为0%～100%,有25%～33.33%鸭群全部是0效价。活禽市场H5抗体效价≧4log2的比例为10.59%～83.57%,H9抗体效价≧4log2的比例21.70%～67.14%。     

鸭胰腺内高血糖素—,胰岛素—和生长抑素—免疫反应细胞的形态及分布

用ABC免疫组织化学方法,对1 周龄绍鸭胰腺内的高血糖素(A)、胰岛素(B)和生长抑素(D)免疫反应细胞的形态及分布进行了观察。结果表明,上述3 种细胞在全胰的分布及形态有差异。A 细胞主要成群散在于A 胰岛,少数位于混合型胰岛的边缘。D 细胞主要散在于A 胰岛中,少数位于B胰岛和混合型胰岛的边缘。B细胞主要呈团块状分布于B胰岛,少数位于混合型胰岛的中央。在胰外分泌部有散在的A 和D 细胞,位于腺泡及导管上皮细胞之间或结缔组织中。A 细胞形态各异,以多边形为主,多数细胞伸出形态多样的胞质突起,伸达胰岛或其他细胞间。D细胞的形态与A 细胞相似。B细胞形态均一,呈圆形或卵圆形,未见胞质突起,在外分泌部未见到B细胞。     

饲粮蛋白质源对断奶仔猪小肠全基因组转录谱的影响

为探讨饲粮蛋白质源影响断奶仔猪小肠发育的分子机制,本试验利用猪全基因组表达谱芯片分析不同蛋白质源饲粮下断奶仔猪（断奶 ０、３、７和 １４ｄ）小肠转录谱,２４头仔公猪随机分为 ２个处理,处理 １采用乳源蛋白质 ３０％替代饲粮总蛋白质,处理 ２采用全植物蛋白质源饲粮。结果表明：１）处理 １获得 ３７０个差异表达基因（Ｐ＜０．０５）,采用序列试验聚类分析,共获得２６个表达模式,其中有 ３个显著表达模式,模式 ５和 １１显著性水平最高（Ｐ＜０．０１）。处理 ２获得 ２６３个差异表达基因（Ｐ＜０．０５）,序列试验聚类分析得到 ２６个表达模式,其中模式 ３和 ２２显著水平最高（Ｐ＜０．０１）。２）基因共表达网络构建和分析一定程度上揭示了不同蛋白质源饲粮对肠道发育的分子调控机制,以及两者之间的差异。通过基因芯片数据,从 ２种蛋白质源饲粮处理下的基因调控网络中筛选出 １２和 ９个具有重要影响和研究价值的基因,以及 ９个在 ２个处理中网络调控地位发生改变的共表达基因。通过基因芯片数据,从 ２种蛋白质源饲粮处理下的基因调控网络中筛选出 １２和 ９个具有重要影响和研究价值的基因,以及 ９个在 ２个处理中网络调控地位发生改变的共表达基因。总之,本试验筛选出了一些在不同饲粮蛋白质源影响断奶仔猪肠道发育和功能过程中可能具有深入研究意义的候选基因。     

鸡滑液囊支原体活疫苗(MS-H株)同时免疫对新支二联活疫苗免疫效力影响的调查

为了解新支二联活疫苗和鸡滑液囊支原体活疫苗之间有无相互影响,选用70只1日龄SPF鸡随机分为4组进行比对试验,其中:G1组20只,联合免疫新支二联苗活疫苗和鸡滑液囊支原体活疫苗(MS-H株);G2组20只,为新支二联活疫苗单独免疫组;G3组20只,为传染性支气管炎病毒(IBV)攻毒组;G4组10只,为空白对照组.免疫后...     

湘黄猪Atrn基因的PCR-RFLP及其与生长和胴体性状间的关系

以129头湘黄猪为试验材料,采用PCR-RFLP技术,对Haln基因和Atrn基因进行了检测分析,检测到NN、Nn2种Haln基因型和AA,AB和BB3种Atrn基因型,其频率相应为0.9612、0.0388和0.1783、0.6047、0.2170;同时分析了NN基因型群体中,不同Atrn基因型间生长速度和胴体性状的关系,结果表明:BB基因型猪的平均日增重、平均背膘厚和估测瘦肉率明显优于AB基因型猪,AA基因型猪处于中间状态,即:BB>AA>AB。这一结果与140头丹麦资源家系猪样本的检测结果基本一致,表明Atrn基因对猪重要经济性状具有影响作用。     

苦参碱对昆明小鼠粪便及血浆代谢物的影响

基于非靶向代谢组学技术,分析腹腔注射苦参碱前后昆明小鼠粪便和血浆代谢物的差异,并通过与此前16S rDNA测序结果联合分析探究苦参碱发挥药理作用的可能机理。将20只昆明小鼠随机分为2组,分别是苦参碱处理组(MT)和生理盐水处理组(NC)。苦参碱处理组每天腹腔注射40 mg·kg^-1的苦参碱,连续给药5 d,每天给药2次。生理盐水处理组按照同样方式和体积腹腔注射生理盐水。给药第6天,分别收集各组小鼠的粪便和血浆,进行非靶向代谢组学检测,并与苦参碱处理组肠道菌群的16S rDNA测序结果进行联合分析。苦参碱处理组的粪便及血浆中均存在显著差异代谢物,粪便中共鉴定出97种,血浆中有44种。聚类分析显示,粪便中苦参碱组有35种代谢物上调,104种代谢物下调;血浆中苦参碱组有20种代谢物上调,35种代谢物下调。KEGG通路分析显示粪便及血浆差异代谢物被映射到Protein digestion and absorption等代谢途径。与16S rDNA测序分析得到的显著差异菌种嗜酸乳杆菌关联分析,结果表明粪便及血浆代谢物与嗜酸乳杆菌存在相关性。苦参碱可调节昆明小鼠的体内代谢,在粪便和血浆中均存在显著差异代谢物。这些差异代谢物及与菌群之间的互作可能是其发挥药理作用的关键。     

狼山鸡高、低近交组卵巢组织转录组差异分析

为了探究近交对繁殖效应的影响,本研究以国家级地方鸡种基因库保存的狼山鸡为素材,结合分子标记和系谱信息,组建高、低近交两个试验组,记录高、低近交组的繁殖性能数据。选取高、低近交组中正常个体各3只,采取卵巢组织进行RNA-seq测序,并对差异基因进行功能注释。结果在高、低近交组中共获得差异转录本1 114个,其中783个基因获得注释,307个上调,476个下调。GO和KEGG分析表明,差异基因主要富集在核糖体的生物合成、炎性反应、繁殖、生长、免疫系统过程、代谢过程等生物学过程,Pathway显著富集在叶酸的生物合成、卵母细胞成熟和代谢等生物学通路。功能分析发现,筛选出的差异基因（如GGH、CPEB1、GNMT和PIWIL等）与繁殖功能相关。此外,还包括一些与应激和免疫相关的基因（如APOC3、HSP70、CD38和LGMN等）。研究结果有助于了解狼山鸡繁殖性状近交衰退相关的基因及其调控机制,为家禽特定性状近交衰退分子机理提供参考。     

Evaluation of serum cortisol, metabolic parameters, acute phase proteins and faecal corticosterone as indicators of stress in cows

To assess the validity of laboratory parameters in blood and faeces as indicators of stress in cows, concentrations of cortisol, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFAs), 3-hydroxybutyrate, glucose, triglycerides, cholesterol, serum amyloid A (SAA) and haptoglobin in serum, as well as corticosterone in faeces, were determined in two breeds of cattle (Alberes and Bruna dels Pirineus) under different systems of housing and feeding. Serum cortisol concentrations were markedly elevated in the Alberes group, probably because they were less habituated to human handling. Corticosterone concentrations in faeces were significantly increased in the Bruna dels Pirineus cattle on Alberes pastures. Concentrations of NEFAs and cholesterol were significantly elevated in the Alberes cows, indicating an adrenergic stimulus of lipolysis or the existence of nutritional stress. SAA concentrations were significantly higher in groups living in hardy conditions, whereas there were no significant differences in haptoglobin between the three groups.     

Study on Slaughter Performance and Meat Quality of Guangxi Partridge Chickens

In order to develop product and improve breeding for Guangxi partridge chickens,the slaughter performance,amino acids,inosine acid and fatty acids contents in muscle were measured and evaluated for Guangxi partridge chickens at 120 days old,which were raised at same nutrition level and management. Carcass traits and meat characteristics were evaluated. The results were showed that the dressing percentage and eviscerated yield percentage of cocks and hens were 90.15%,92.57% and 69.12%, 68.08%,respectively. The total amino acids in the breast and leg muscles of cocks and hens were 20.37,18.40 and 21.30, 18.44 g/100 g,respectively. The ratio of essential amino acids to total amino acids in breast and leg muscles of cocks and hens were 39.32%,42.33% and 42.72%, 43.06%,respectively,and essential amino acid index (EAAI) were 84.33,88.82 and 90.44, 90.77,respectively. The content of delicious,sweet,branched chain amino acids and inosinic acid in breast muscle were 0.85 g/100 g,0.42 g/100 g,0.56 g/100 g and 1.55 mg/g higher than that in leg muscle,respectively,and the content of sweet amino acids in hens was 0.40 g/100 g more than that in cocks. The first limiting amino acid was Met+Cys in muscle of Guangxi partridge chickens. Oleic acid and linoleic acid were mainly components of unsaturated fatty acids in muscle,palmitic acid and stearic acid were mainly components of saturated fatty acids in muscle. The relative content of polyunsaturated fatty acids and essential fatty acids in leg muscle were higher than that in breast muscle, and their contents in hens were more than that in cocks. All these showed that the Guangxi partridge chickens had good meat production,flavor and high nutrition value,meanwhile the nutritional values in hens were superior than that in cocks.     

鸡传染性法氏囊病免疫复合物疫苗对1日龄中等母源抗体水平雏鸡免疫效果的研究

将鸡传染性法氏囊病免疫复合物疫苗和BX株活疫苗分别免疫1日龄中等母源抗体水平京红雏鸡,同时免疫1日龄SPF雏鸡作对照,免疫后第9天观察法氏囊病变,免疫后第28天采血测定IBDV中和抗体,并用强毒攻击,计算各组疫苗保护率。结果显示,免疫后第9天,免疫复合物疫苗组SPF雏鸡和京红雏鸡法氏囊均正常,BX株活疫苗组SPF雏鸡法氏囊出现了萎缩病变;免疫后第28天,对照SPF雏鸡和京红雏鸡的免疫复合物疫苗组、BX活疫苗组IBDV中和抗体效价分别为9.2log2、8.5log2和 7.2log2、4.4log2,攻毒保护率均为100%。试验结果表明免疫复合物疫苗免疫1日龄中等水平母源抗体雏鸡效果很好,能产生较高的中和抗体,攻毒保护率能达到100%。