农民沙棘协会的作用及其发展

本文通过调查,阐述了近年来晋陕蒙砒砂岩区和旗(县)农民沙棘协会的发展状况,分析了农民沙棘协会在沙棘生态建设、沙棘产来化、农民增收等方面的积极作用,总结了"企业 农民沙棘协会 农民"的沙棘产业化发展模式,探讨农民沙棘协会的发展方向和思路.     

沙棘生态建设新资源—生态经济型和经济型沙棘优良品系

沙棘开发管理中心选育的生态经济型沙棘优良品系,以蒙古国引种的沙棘良种实生子代为选择群体.选育出了HS-7和HS-22两个适合于在我国东北地区推广种植的经济型沙棘良种。以"丘伊斯克x中国沙棘"杂交子一代为选择群体     

黄土高原中部沙棘种质资源调查及选优

本文借鉴其它树种选优经验,制定了"黄土高原中部沙棘种质资源调查及选优方案".把选优同种质资源清查工作结合进行.对该区沙棘分布较为集中,且具代表性的靖边县、黄龙县、陇县的沙棘,进行了全面系统的调查分类及选优,提出了适于陕西省沙棘类型划分的方法,并划分出25个沙棘类型,为沙棘开发利用奠定了基础.共选出适于当地繁殖栽培的优良单株30个.其中有29个丰产优良单株,1个大果型优良单株.     

“晚秋”沙棘培育技术研究

"晚秋"沙棘是阜新市林业科学研究所选育的优良品种,具有晚熟丰产的优良特性。介绍"晚秋"沙棘的形态特征和生态学特征,阐述"晚秋"沙棘的快速繁育技术、采穗圃建设技术及造林技术,以期为"晚秋"沙棘的丰产培育提供技术指导。     

陕西沙棘主要害虫及危害特点

沙棘在我国是很受欢迎的经济树种,它的生态效益和经济效益长期受到人们的关注,其保健功能也被人们津津乐道,陕西是沙棘分布的重点省份之一,人们对沙棘资源十分重视,但对沙棘病虫害的反映也十分强烈,西北农林科技大学林学院(原陕西省林科院)1987年以来对陕西省沙棘昆虫区系进行了系统调查,调查范围包括有沙棘分布的5个地(市)所属的22个县,每县设调查点3个,其中设中心调查点5处.采用线路调查与标准地调查相结合,野外采集与人工饲养相结合的方法,并注意采集小型和隐蔽型昆虫,采集到害虫72种,分属7目23科,益虫13种,分属5目7科,同时,还调查到沙棘病害7种.现将调查结果分述如下.     

沙棘保健浴液的研制

以沙棘萃取液为特色原料,选择优质基料、添加剂,经正交实验设计,制成了沙棘保健浴液.该浴液具有良好的营养、保健和洁肤功效,是一种新型的洁肤护肤品.     

布置植物"柔性坝"河道冲淤计算及数值模拟

为了解决我国的河流泥沙灾害,尤其是新疆的防沙、治沙和水土流失问题,通过室内物理模型试验的初期成果,经过理论分析,在物理模型试验的基础上建立相应的数学模型,对沙棘植物"柔性坝"过流水动力学特性的几个方面进行了深入分析,并尝试推导了一些相应的公式.对植物坝前上游段推移质泥沙的输移特性进行了研究,在试验的基础上,运用一维水沙数学模型,进行了植物坝前壅水区内河床冲淤计算的数值模拟.结果表明,计算值与实测值吻合较好,具有一定的实用价值.利用沙棘植物"柔性坝"来治理泥沙、减少泥沙危害,是一种全新的泥沙治理理念.它将生物措施和流体力学原理相结合,并且充分利用了两者的优势.     

沙棘修剪

沙棘是北美地区一种新型园艺植物,目前主要用于种植园.有关沙棘修剪的信息资料及经验非常有限.沙棘修剪的途径不仅要懂得园艺管理技术,还要了解由于地理位置、气候、栽培品种和株行距引起的有关变异.适宜对位的修剪,需要掌握下述一些因子.     

沙棘生态建设新资源——生态经济型和经济型沙棘优良品系

沙棘开发管理中心选育的生态经济型沙棘优良品系,以蒙古国引种的沙棘良种实生子代为选择群体,选育出了HS-7和HS-22两个适合于在我国东北地区推广种植的经济型沙棘良种。以"丘伊斯克×中国沙棘"     

加强国际合作促进沙棘事业发展

沙棘具有抗逆能力强、生长快、根系发达等特性,是欧亚大陆温带地区植被建设和园艺栽培的主要植物.国际沙棘研究培训中心和国际沙棘协会的成立及相关机制的建立,对于促进国际沙棘界的交流与合作发挥了积极作用.参与国际沙棘合作与交流,实现了我国沙棘事业的跨越式发展,对于促进我国沙棘事业的可持续发展具有重要意义.     

化探样品中微量元素Ag、W、Mo、Sn、Bi、Cu、Pb、Zn、Ni、Co、Cr的水平撒料光谱定量分析

针对化探样品批量大,元素多,检出限低等特点,采用水平电极撒料法,对化探样中多种微量元素进行了光谱定量分析.将样品与缓冲剂1:1混匀,采用W-100光栅摄谱仪(光栅刻线1200条/毫米,二级光谱)进行水平撒样摄谱,谱板经暗室处理后,在东德GFE760μ测微光度计上用P标尺测光,以△P-logc绘制工作曲线,查出含量.本法采用了特制的撒样漏斗,改善了下料的均匀性,提高了分析精度;以Ge和Pd作内标消除工作条件变化对谱线强度的影响;同时还试选了SiO2:C:Na2SO4＝61:30:9的混合物作缓冲剂,提高了弧烧的稳定性,获得了较高的再现性.本文还采用了一种单元素线减光器对Ag3382.9进行减光,使Ag的测定上限由5×10-6提高到30×10-6.本法操作简便快速,成本较低,一次可测定Ag、W、Mo、Sn、Bi、Cu、Pb、Zn、Ni、Co、Cr等多种元素,检出限为Ag 0.03×10-6,W 0.5×10-6,Mo0.05×10-6,Sn 0.4×10-6,Pb 1×10-6,Zn 3×10-6,Cu 0.5×10-6,Bi 0.1×10-6,Ni 0.3×10-6,Co 0.3×10-6,Cr 1×10-6,基本上达到了化探普查找矿定量分析的要求.     

2010年世界健康食品展望

当前,中国粮油企业的生存与发展已与世界粮油经济的发展息息相关。无论是粮油企业全面亏损的2004年,还是粮油价格大起大落的2008年,世界其他各国粮油政策和价格的变化均对中国的粮油产业发展造成了很大的影响。全面了解国际粮油发展新动向、掌握世界粮油食品发展新方向,从宏观上为企业找到准确定位,是每位粮油企业家、每位粮油人都必须具备的。正所谓知己知彼,百战不殆,希望以下这些国际前沿信息能为您带来收获。     

王水消解法同时测定土壤中Cu,Zn,Ni,Cr,Pb,Cd的方法研究

为了快速、准确地检测土壤中多种重金属元素,建立一种王水消解同时测定土壤中Cu,Zn,Ni,Cr,Pb,Cd的方法.选取8种具有广泛代表性的土壤标准物质对王水消解法进行考察,结合土壤标准物质标准值,通过大量试验数据对该方法做出全面评价.     

冀、鲁、豫、苏、皖五省农机夏收跨区作业调研报告

农机跨区作业是我国农民自发进行的又一项伟大的制度创新,为促进我国农业机械化发展做出了重要的贡献.为此,采用问卷调查法、文献资料法和数理统计法,对冀、鲁、豫、苏、皖等省505户参与跨区作业的农机大户进行了问卷调查.以问卷数据为基础,分析了农机大户的自身特征和经营状况,并总结了影响跨农机大户参与跨区作业的主要因素,最后提出了相应的对策建议.     

安徽省砀山县丰产农机合作社:创新模式发展优势服务

砀山县丰产农机服务专业合作社位于安徽省宿州市砀山县朱楼镇朱楼村,成立于2015年5月13日。合作社目前占地1.33 hm^2(20余亩),拥有成员200余人,拖拉机40多台,收割机18台,灌溉机械14套,植保飞机80多架,烘干机6组,配套农具230多台(套),机械资产达到1 200余万元。     

肥城桃不同栽培模式调查、经济效益分析及建议

肥城桃是中国著名的地方名优特果品之一,与奉化玉露、深州蜜桃、阳山水蜜并称为“中国传统四大名桃”。近年来,肥城桃产业高质量发展成效明显,一些优良品种的引进和新型栽培技术的应用,极大推动了肥城桃的区域规模种植,肥城桃种植成为当地桃民增收的重要途径之一。本文就山东省肥城桃产业实践应用中的三种不同栽培种植模式的生产成本和经济效益进行调查、分析,提出发展建议,以期为肥城桃种植提质增效和高质量规划发展提供参考。     

Advection,evaporation, and surface resistance

Summary We study the effect of surface resistance r (whether of monolayers on free water or plant diffusive resistance) on evaporation rate, energy balance, and microclimate, under advective conditions. We use power-law representations of the vertical profiles of mean windspeed and eddy diffusivity, and exploit two known similarity solutions, one for a step-function change of surface concentration, and the other for a step-function change of surface flux density. To a very close approximation, these two contrasting canonical advective problems yield the same (spatially variable) boundary layer transfer coefficient expressing the ratio of the surface flux perturbation to the surface concentration perturbation. Adopting this coefficient reduces the (spatially variable) surface energy balance for the advective boundary layer with surface resistance to a quadratic equation, with the solution yielding the fetch distances x at which the surface temperature assumes a given value To. With To (x) established thus, the other significant properties of the boundary layer follow simply and directly.The results reveal the profound influence of r, especially at small x. As boundary layer atmospheric resistance increases with x, r becomes relatively less important. It can be regarded as primarily reducing advective effects. Antievaporation films thus work best on small water surfaces in arid surroundings, but are less effective the larger the water body and the moister the surrounds. If leaf temperatures are not limiting, increasing r has greatest effect for small vegetated areas in an arid environment, but may not be optimal for extensive continuous monocultures. Control of surface resistance offers means of manipulating microclimate, for example when arid landscapes are watered for this purpose. The exploratory nature of this investigation, and its many limitations, are stressed.     

The FARMSCAPE approach to decision support: farmers', advisers', researchers' monitoring,simulation, communication and performance evaluation

FARMSCAPE (Farmers', Advisers', Researchers', Monitoring, Simulation, Communication And Performance Evaluation) is a program of participatory research with the farming community of northeast Australia. It initially involved research to explore whether farmers and their advisers could gain benefit from tools such as soil characterisation and sampling, climate forecasts and, in particular, simulation modelling. Its current focus is facilitating the implementation of commercial delivery systems for these same tools in order to meet industry demand for their access. This paper presents the story of what was done over the past decade, it provides performance indicators of impact, it reflects on what was learnt over this period and it outlines where this research is likely to head in the future.Over the past 10 years, the FARMSCAPE team employed a Participatory Action Research approach to explore whether farmers could value simulation as a decision support tool for managing their farming system and if so, could it be delivered cost-effectively. Through farmer group engagement, on-farm trials, soil characterisation, monitoring of crops, soils and climate, and sessions to apply the APSIM systems simulator, FARMSCAPE represented a research program on decision support intervention. Initial scepticism by farmers and commercial consultants about the value of APSIM was addressed by testing its performance both against measured data from on-farm trials and against farmers' experiences with past commercial crops. Once this credibility check was passed, simulation sessions usually evolved into participants interactively inquiring of the model the consequence of alternative management options. These ‘What if’ questions using APSIM were contextualised using local climate and soil data and the farmer's actual or proposed management rules.The active participation of farmers and their advisers, and working in the context of their own farming operations, were the key ingredients in the design, implementation and interpretation of the FARMSCAPE approach to decision support. The attraction of the APSIM systems simulator to farmers contemplating change was that it allowed them to explore their own system in a manner equivalent to learning from experience. To achieve this, APSIM had to be credible and flexible. While direct engagement of farmers initially enabled only a limited number of beneficiaries, this approach generated a commercial market for timely and high quality interactions based on soil monitoring and simulation amongst a significant sector of the farming community. Current efforts are therefore focused on the training, support and accreditation of commercial agronomists in the application of the FARMSCAPE approach and tools.The FARMSCAPE approach to decision support has come to represent an approach to guiding science-based engagement with farm decision making which is being tested nationally and internationally.