Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Activity and Glutathione Stability in Fetal and Adult Bovine Erythrocytes

Previously, we found a substantially higher glucoses-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) activity and a slightly higher 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGD) activity in bovine fetal erythrocytes than in bovine adult erythrocytes (Steensgaard 1968). Now, we have investigated whether these differences in dehydrogenase activities were followed by characteristic differences in glutathione (GSH) stability and glutathione concentration. The results are shown in Table 1, which also gives the results of the same investigations on normal and G6PD deficient human erythrocytes.     

Erythrocyte Glucose-6-phosphate Dehydrogenase and Glutathione Deficiency in Sheep

Erythrocytes of 145 sheep representing six breeds were assayed for glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. All sheep had erythrocyte glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase values similar to glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficient erythrocytes of man. Mean erythrocyte glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase levels ranged from 0.65 to 1.54 micromoles of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate per gram of hemoglobin per minute. Many of these sheep also had low levels and/or unstable reduced glutathione. Sheep with low levels of erythrocyte glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and reduced glutathione were given large doses of oxidizing drugs or fed fresh fava beans to determine if they would develop intravascular hemolysis. No significant hemolysis was detected as a result of drug administration or fava bean ingestion.     

三角城藏羊红细胞乳酸脱氢酶同工酶酶谱

采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(PAGE)法对83只三角城藏羊的红细胞乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)同工酶酶谱进行分析。结果发现:①红细胞LDH同工酶总共有11条区带;②第1区带的电泳迁移率为54.3％,第11区带的电泳迁移率为25.0％;③红细胞LDH有两种电泳表型,78只羊为LDHⅠ型,占93.98％,5只羊为LDHⅡ型,占6.02％。     

天峻县藏羊红细胞乳酸脱氢酶同工酶酶谱

采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法对100只天峻县藏羊红细胞乳酸脱氢酶（RBC-LDH）同工酶酶谱及多态性进行了研究。结果发现：①红细胞LDH同工酶总共有11条区带；②第1区带的电泳迁移率为51.4%，第11区带的电泳迁移率为24.5%；③红细胞LDH有两种电泳表型，96只羊为LDH I型，占96%，4只羊为LDHⅡ型，占4%。     

IBRV对牛单核巨噬细胞吞噬鸡红细胞功能的影响

为研究牛传染性鼻气管炎病毒（IBRV）感染对牛单核巨噬细胞吞噬功能的影响,应用淋巴细胞分离液获得牛外周血单个核细胞,通过贴壁培养成为单核巨噬细胞。 IBRV 感染单核巨噬细胞24 h后加入鸡红细胞,测定被感染细胞对鸡红细胞的吞噬率。结果显示,单核巨噬细胞被IBRV 感染后,对鸡红细胞的吞噬率显著降低（P<0.05）。     

Fetal Microchimerism in Normal and Embryo Transfer Bovine Pregnancies

Veterinary Research Communications - Turin, L., Tribbioli, G., Invernizzi, P., Grati, F.R., Crema, S., Laible, G. and Riva, F., 2007. Fetal microchimerism in normal and embryo transfer bovine...     

The Fine Structure of Mast Cells in the Normal Bovine Mammary Gland

The mast cells from the mammary gland of the cow greatly resemble the mast cells of man and small laboratory animals. However, certain ultrastructural differences are found in the mast cell granules. These granules are divided into four different types according to their morphology. All contain a granular material of varying fineness, bounded by a membrane. In addition a fibrous or crystalline part is found in some granules, while in others a large light vacuole can be seen. All the granules are surrounded by a unit membrane.     

On the Ultrastructure of Seven Day Old Normal (Blastocysts) and Abnormal Bovine Embryos

Twenty-four 7 day old bovine embryos were collected from spontaneously ovulating heifers. The embryos were classified into three groups; normal, morphologically deviating or degenerated. Electron microscopy was used to ascertain the ultrastructural correlates to the phase contrast microscope classification. This study sustains the conclusion that only those embryos classified as normal blastocysts are likely to undergo further development.     

Computed Tomography of the Normal Bovine Tarsus

The objective of this study was to provide a detailed multiplanar computed tomographic (CT) anatomic reference for the bovine tarsus. The tarsal regions from twelve healthy adult cow cadavers were scanned in both soft and bone windows via a 16‐slice multidetector CT scanner. Tarsi were frozen at ?20^o C and sectioned to 10‐mm‐thick slices in transverse, dorsal and sagittal planes respecting the imaging protocol. The frozen sections were cleaned and then photographed. Anatomic structures were identified, labelled and compared with the corresponding CT images. The sagittal plane was indispensable for evaluation of bone contours, the dorsal plane was valuable in examination of the collateral ligaments, and both were beneficial for assessment of the tarsal joint articulations. CT images allowed excellent delineation between the cortex and medulla of bones, and the trabecular structure was clearly depicted. The tarsal soft tissues showed variable shades of grey, and the synovial fluid was the lowest attenuated structure. This study provided full assessment of the clinically relevant anatomic structures of the bovine tarsal joint. This technique may be of value when results from other diagnostic imaging techniques are indecisive. Images presented in this study should serve as a basic CT reference and assist in the interpretation of various bovine tarsal pathology.     

牛肺泡表面活性蛋白A的分离纯化及抗菌活性分析

旨在分离纯化牛天然肺泡表面活性蛋白A(SP-A)和分析其抗菌活性,首先通过共价交联法制备出可特异吸附SP-A的麦芽糖-Sepharose(MS)胶粒,然后用MS胶粒从牛肺泡洗出液中吸附牛SP-A,从而得到牛SP-A.SDS-PAGE和Western blot检测表明,牛SP-A单体的相对分子质量为30 ku,二聚体为6...     

牦牛肌红蛋白的基因克隆测序、分离纯化、含量及其与乳酸脱氢酶和苹果酸脱氢酶活力的关系

为探索牦牛适应高原缺氧环境的分子机制,测定了麦洼牦牛心肌和骨骼肌中肌红蛋白（Mb）含量及乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）、苹果酸脱氢酶（MDH）活力,并对牦牛Mb进行了分离纯化和基因克隆测序。牦牛心肌和骨骼肌中Mb含量显著高于水牛和黄牛（P〈0.01）;牦牛、黄牛和水牛心肌MDH/LDH活力比均显著高于骨骼肌;牦牛心肌MDH/LDH活力比显著高于水牛和黄牛,但在不同牛种骨骼肌之间无显著差异。各组织Mb含量与MDH/LDH活力比呈显著正相关。试验用RT-PCR方法从牦牛心肌中克隆了Mb基因,与普通牛相比,核苷酸序列同源性为99.5%,氨基酸序列完全相同;用盐析、CM-Sephadex阳离子交换层析、Sephadex G-50凝胶层析等方法分离纯化了牦牛Mb,SDS-PAGE显示其分子量约为17 ku。     

山丹马6-磷酸葡萄糖脱氢酶及葡萄糖磷酸异构酶的多态性研究

用淀粉凝胶电泳及琼脂覆盖技术对山丹马的血液红细胞6磷酸葡萄糖脱氢酶和葡萄糖磷酸异构酶的电泳变异进行了测定。在6磷酸葡萄糖脱氢酶座位发现了3种表现型,即FF,FD和FS,其频率分别为0.958,0.021和0.021。在葡萄糖磷酸异构酶座位发现了两种表现型,即II和FI,其频率分别为0.771和0.229。等位基因频率直接通过表型计算出:PGDF为0.979,PGDD为0.0104,PGDS为0.0104;GPIF为0.1146,GPII为0.8854。亲子关系排除概率在6PGD和GPI座位点分别为0.1009和0.0912。两座位的个体识别概率分别为0.081和0.353。     

牛源IL-6基因克隆与生物信息学分析

试验旨在克隆牛白细胞介素-6（IL-6）基因,并对其编码蛋白进行生物信息学分析,对荷斯坦奶牛进行尾根采血提取RNA后逆转录为cDNA,根据NCBI数据库中已知的牛IL-6基因mRNA序列设计特异性引物,应用RT-PCR技术克隆得到CDS区全长序列,利用生物信息学软件分析牛IL-6基因序列特征、同源性及编码产物的理化性质等。结果表明,试验成功克隆了牛IL-6基因CDS区,全长627 bp,分子质量为23.759 ku,共编码208个氨基酸,理论等电点为7.58,脂溶系数为93.37,属于亲水性蛋白;牛IL-6基因与猪、绵羊、大鼠、人、猫、犬、鸡、小鼠、马和兔的同源性分别为84.4%、96.2%、66.7%、77.5%、75.9%、79.3%、48.5%、67.0%、79.5%和67.5%;系统进化树分析发现,牛与绵羊亲缘关系最近,猪次之,鸡最远;在二级结构预测中,该蛋白无规则卷曲与α-螺旋分别为34.6%和60.1%;亚细胞定位于细胞质;该蛋白含有信号肽和跨膜螺旋结构。本研究为进一步分析牛IL-6基因的功能奠定了一定的理论基础。     

三河马6-磷酸葡萄糖脱氢酶及葡萄糖磷酸异构酶的多态性

采用淀粉凝胶电脉及琼脂覆盖技术对三河马血液红细胞6－磷酸葡萄糖脱氢酶和葡萄糖磷酸异构入酶的电泳变异进行了检测。在6－磷酸葡萄糖脱氢酶位点发现3个表现型，即FF、FS和SS，在葡萄糖磷酸异构酶位点共发现2个表现型，即Ⅱ,FI。等位基因频率直接通过表型计算得出：PGD^F为0．840，PGD^为0．160，而PI^F为0．140，GPI^I为0．860。父权否定概率在6－PGD和GPI位点分别为0．1163和0．1059。     

The Effect of Unheated Normal Bovine Serum on The Complement Fixing Activity of Heat Inactivated Bovine Antiserum With Homologous Antigen: II. Aggregative Properties

To determine whether the greater fixation of complement observed in “modified” complement-fixation tests is related to an increased aggregation of the antigen-antibody complexes, parallel tests by the two methods have been made with two different particulate bacterial antigens and corresponding bovine antisera. At the end of the fixation period the mixtures were centrifuged, the supernatant fluids removed carefully, the sediments washed twice and re-suspended in a small volume of buffer. Smears of each sediment were examined by immunofluorescence microscopy using a fluorescein-labelled rabbit antibody for a globulin fraction of fresh guinea-pig serum containing first component of complement.

A greater degree of aggregation of the antigen-antibody complexes was observed in the sediments from tests with modified complement, that is complement supplemented with a diluted bovine serum globulin fraction prepared by dialysis. Aggregates from mixtures showing increased fixation of complement, as determined by titration of the residual hemolytic activity of the supernatant, appeared somewhat more brightly fluorescent.

Very faint or no fluorescence was evident in the stained washed sediments from mixtures of antigen and antibody without complement or from mixtures of antigen, heat-inactivated normal bovine serum and complement.

     

牛γ-干扰素在牛结核检测中的研究应用

γ-干扰素是细胞因子超家族中IFN家族的重要成员,具有广泛的生物学功能,其功能的多样性是通过诱导细胞表达多种蛋白质而实现的。作者对γ-干扰素的产生、诱导、临床试验、检测诊断及γ-干扰素的优点和其他用途的研究进展进行综述。     

Histone H1 and MAP Kinase Activities in Bovine Oocytes following Protein Synthesis Inhibition

In vitro nuclear maturation is associated with known activity profiles of the M-phase promoting factor (MPF) and the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases, which are two key regulators of mitotic and meiotic cell cycles. Initiation of meiotic resumption in vitro can be prevented by cycloheximide treatment and after removal of the inhibitor germinal vesicle breakdown takes place nearly twice as fast as in untreated controls. In this study experiments were conducted in order to examine the chromosome condensation status and the dynamics of MPF and MAP kinase activities after cycloheximide treatment (10  μ g/ml) of cumulus-enclosed oocytes for 17 and 24 h, respectively, and subsequent culture in inhibitor-free medium for various times. Bovine oocytes displayed variations in the degree of chromosome condensation at the end of the inhibitor treatment phase. Following removal of the inhibitor germinal vesicle breakdown occurred after 4–5 h of subsequent culture in inhibitor-free medium. MPF and MAP kinase exhibited low activities during the first 1–3 h following cycloheximide treatment. Increasing levels of enzyme activities were detected 4–7 h following cycloheximide treatment for 17 and 24 h, respectively, and subsequent culture in inhibitor-free medium. The patterns of enzyme activities corresponded with the accelerated nuclear maturation process. It can be concluded that cycloheximide treatment does not lead to a more synchronous course of nuclear maturation and that the activities of both, MPF and MAP kinase are initiated at least 2–5 h earlier in comparison with untreated oocytes.