妊娠绵羊血硒含量动态变化及其对羔羊的影响

选健康妊娠绵羊24只,随机分为2组,Ⅰ组9只,Ⅱ组15只。Ⅰ组不予补硒,Ⅱ组在产羔前30d左右经肌肉注射0.2％亚硒酸钠液1mL。结果,2组羊于分娩前后血硒含量均显著下降,其中Ⅰ组羊血硒低达25.1ng/mL,并且有2例发生硒缺乏症。Ⅱ组羊补硒后,血硒含量显著升高。硒可由母体转运给羔羊,但母体对亚硒酸钠的转运具有一定的屏障作用。     

妊娠母羊饲粮添加叶酸对不同出生类型新生羔羊脐带血管生成相关基因表达的影响

试验旨在研究妊娠母羊饲粮添加叶酸对不同出生类型新生羔羊脐带血管生成相关基因表达的影响.选用体重相近、年龄一致的经产湖羊母羊120只,人工授精后随机分为3组,分别单栏饲喂补充0、16和32 mg/kg DM叶酸的全混合日粮.母羊分娩时,每组随机采集出生类型为双羔和三羔的胎盘与脐带样品各3个,共18个样品用于测定胎盘相关指...     

Seasonal Fluctuations of Nematode Populations in Breeding Ewes and Lambs

The seasonal changes in nematode populations of a flock of sheep in the Montreal area were determined using serial fecal egg counts, fecal culture of larvae and necropsy worm counts. It was found that Ostertagia spp.,Nematodirus spp., Trichostrongylus agei, Trichostrongylus spp. and Chabertia ovina over-wintered on pasture and could initiate patent infections the following spring. The development of populations of H. contortus was typical of that seen with most of the other species and was characterized by the following series of events. In early winter when the study was started with stabled pregnant ewes, most of the populations were immature and the egg counts were low and remained so throughout the entire winter. However, in the spring, following lambing, large numbers of adult worms were seen with a consequent decrease in immatures and a sudden increase in egg counts. When the ewes and lambs were pastured together, the egg counts in ewes dropped consequent to “self-cure”, the “spring-rise” providing the major source of overwhelming infections for lambs with deaths by the end of July. As the season progressed larvae taken in by both ewes and lambs did not mature, and by early fall, most of the worm population consisted of immature forms. It appeared that H. contortus could not have more than two generations in ewes or lambs in a single grazing season.     

新生羔羊痢疾原因及防治

羔羊痢疾是新生羔羊群体中的常发病和高发病,属于急性毒血症和急性传染性疾病。临床上主要表现为剧烈腹泻,肠道严重溃烂。该种疾病主要危害7日龄内新生羔羊,随着年龄的增长,抵抗能力增强,羔羊痢疾的发生率呈现逐渐下降趋势。新生羔羊痢疾具有发病急、发病过程短、致死率高的特点,发生流行后如果不能及时诊断,及时采取措施进行防控,短时间内会造成大批量的羔羊死亡,给养殖场带来不可挽回的经济损失。该文主要论述新生羔羊痢疾的发病原因和防治措施,缩短发病周期,提高治疗效果。     

妊娠后期不同营养水平限制饲养母羊对其羔羊补偿生长期血中胰岛素、T3、T4浓度的影响

选择经同期发情且同期受孕,在妊娠90d时健康的苏尼特母羊27只,以4种营养水平(ME:0.20、0.33、0.44、0.86MJ/(kgW0.75·d)分组饲养。分娩后,其27只羔羊在原来4组的基础上,各组又分为补料组( ′、 ′、 ′、 ′组)和不补料组( 、 、 、 组),进行补偿生长试验,研究妊娠后期不同营养水平限制饲养母羊对其羔羊补偿生长期血中胰岛素、T3、T4浓度的影响。结果表明:补料各限制组羔羊( ′、 ′、 ′)在出生后90d时血中胰岛素浓度超过对照组( ′)水平。不补料各限制组羔羊( 、 、 )血中胰岛素在出生后150d时超过对照组( )水平。在90～180d,补料组和不补料各组羔羊血中胰岛素浓度变化平稳,而且基本处于同一水平。无论是补料组还是不补料组羔羊从出生后40～120d,血中T3、T4浓度都维持在较低水平,各组差异不显著(P>0.05)。但120d后,补料组T3、T4浓度比不补料组上升缓慢。     

围产期补饲对放牧蒙古羊母羊泌乳性能及羔羊生长性能的影响

旨在研究围产期补饲精补料对戈壁地区妊娠期放牧蒙古羊母羊增重、血液生理生化指标、泌乳性能以及羔羊生长性能的影响。选取20只体况相近、平均体重为（60±5.54）kg的妊娠期蒙古羊母羊, 按平均体重分为试验组和对照组, 每组10只。对照组按照传统补饲方法补饲玉米300 g/（只·d）, 试验组补饲精补料300 g/（只·d）。补饲试验预饲期5 d, 正饲期60 d。测定试验母羊初始体重和补饲试验末体重, 计算总增重;补饲试验结束时, 采集试验母羊血液样本, 测定血液常规指标和血清生化指标;从产后第15天起使用差重法测定母羊泌乳量, 持续到产后第85天;测定羔羊的初生重、90日龄重, 计算羔羊在90日龄内的日增重。利用统计学方法对对照组和试验组的上述指标进行分析。结果表明, 在补饲试验期间, 试验组母羊与对照组母羊的总增重差异不显著（P>0.05）, 试验组母羊的体重减少幅度比对照组母羊低1.71%;试验组母羊的各项血液常规指标和血清生化指标与对照组母羊相比差异均不显著（P>0.05）;整个泌乳期试验组母羊的泌乳量都高于对照组母羊, 其中, 产羔后75 d和85 d, 试验组母羊的泌乳量显著（P<0.05）或极显著（P<0.01）高于对照组母羊;与对照组羔羊相比, 试验组羔羊的90日龄体重和90日龄内日增重有所提高（P>0.05）。综上提示, 围产期补饲精补料能够提高放牧蒙古羊母羊的产后泌乳量, 并且有助于提升羔羊日增重。     

妊娠母羊饲喂竹酢粉对羔羊生长性能、血液生理生化指标、免疫与抗氧化能力的影响

试验旨在研究妊娠母羊饲喂竹酢粉对羔羊生长性能、血液生理生化指标、免疫与抗氧化能力的影响。选择初产、妊娠约120 d的健康湖羊50只,随机分为2组,分别饲喂基础日粮（对照组）和基础日粮+2%竹酢粉（试验组）,饲喂3周,预饲期1周。分娩后,选择单羔母羊所产、3周龄左右、产期相近（1~4 d）羔羊20只（对照组和试验组各10只）测定其生长性能、血液生理生化、免疫与抗氧化能力等指标。结果表明：试验组羔羊的初生重（BW）、平均日增重（ADG）与对照组相比差异不显著（P>0.05）,但日增重提高4.74%。与对照组相比,试验组羔羊血液中白细胞、红细胞、血小板数量和血红蛋白浓度均无显著差异（P>0.05）;血清谷草转氨酶（GOT）活性显著降低（P<0.05）,总蛋白（TP）、白蛋白（ALB）、球蛋白（GLB）含量和白蛋白/球蛋白（A/G）有一定程度提高,总胆固醇（TC）含量、丙二醛（MDA）含量、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性和总抗氧化能力（T-AOC）均有降低趋势（P>0.05）;试验组羔羊免疫球蛋白IgA、IgM和IgG含量高于对照组,但均无显著差异（P>0.05）。综上所述,在妊娠母羊日粮中添加2%竹酢粉可在一定程度上提高羔羊日增重,同时羔羊血清总蛋白、白蛋白、球蛋白、IgA、IgM和IgG含量也有一定程度提高。     

妊娠后期母羊饲粮精料比例对羔羊生长性能、消化性能及血清抗氧化指标的影响

本试验旨在研究妊娠后期母羊饲粮精料比例对羔羊生长性能、消化性能和血清抗氧化指标的影响。试验选用66只妊娠90 d、平均体重为(44.45±2.20)kg的初产湖羊,按照体重相近原则随机分为3组,每组11个重复,每个重复2只。各组母羊妊娠期饲粮精料比例分别为50%、40%和30%,分娩后母羊饲喂相同的全混合日粮(TM R)。羔羊10日龄,每只母羊取1只羔羊断母乳,饲喂代乳粉;15日龄补饲开食料;20日龄补饲苜蓿干草,自由采食至60日龄。每10 d测定1次羔羊体重,51~60日龄进行羔羊消化代谢试验,20和60日龄采集羔羊血液测定血清抗氧化指标。结果表明:妊娠后期母羊饲粮精料比例对羔羊1、10、20、30、40、50、60日龄体重,20、60日龄体尺指标及营养物质表观消化率均无显著影响(P0.05)。随母羊饲粮精料比例降低,20日龄羔羊血清总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性极显著升高(P0.01),60日龄50%组显著或极显著低于其他2组(P0.05或P0.01);30%组20和60日龄羔羊血清谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性极显著高于其他2组(P0.01);血清中MDA的含量在20日龄时随母羊饲粮精料比例的降低而极显著降低(P0.01),60日龄时50%组显著高于30%组(P0.05)。结果提示,妊娠后期母羊饲粮的精料比例对产后早期断奶羔羊的体重、体尺、营养物质表观消化率无显著影响,但随母羊饲粮精料比例的降低,羔羊血清的抗氧化能力提高。     

纤维素复合酶对羔羊早期生长发育的影响

为研究日粮中添加外源性纤维素复合酶对羔羊早期生长发育的影响,选取20日龄30只健康的波尔山羊羔羊,分为对照(组不添加酶制剂)和试验组(添加纤维素复合酶-格林酶,0.2%)。分别在羔羊的2、3月龄和4月龄进行体重和体尺的测量。结果表明:纤维素酶对羔羊在各月龄体尺及体尺指数有提高的趋势,但影响不显著(P>0.05),而纤维素酶明显提高了整个试验期羔羊的体重和日增重,并且在3月龄时达到极显著(P<0.01)。     

Seasonal Fluctuation an Inhited Development of Populations of Dictyocaulus filaria in Ewes and Lambs

The fluctuation of populations of Dictyocaulus filaria in sheep was studied under field conditions in which animals are housed during the winter and grazed from late spring to autumn. A comparison was made between residual pasture contamination with overwintered larvae, the fecal larval deposition by ewes from June and both of these factors combined as sources of infection for spring born lambs. Ewes and lambs were killed serially over a year and worms were recovered from the lungs and counted. It was found that during the stabling period most of the ewes were carrying moderate numbers of D. filaria. However, while the vast majority of lungworm populations in the winter was inhibited in development at the early fifth larval stage, virtually all worms in the spring were adults. Any one source of infection studied contributed to the acquisition of important burdens of D. filaria by lambs as well as ewes. Worm counts reached peak in all lambs by November and this pointed to only one important Dictyocaulus generation per grazing season. It would also appear that larvae picked up by ewes and lambs as the grazing season advanced had become inhibited in development with the inhibition rate being most marked in autumn.     

不同水平维生素A对妊娠后期济宁青山羊血液指标及初生羔羊生长性能的影响

本试验探讨了饲粮中添加不同水平的维生素A(VA)对妊娠后期母羊血液指标和初生羔羊生长性能的影响.试验选用健康无病、妊娠后期(妊娠90 d至分娩)的济宁青山羊40只,采用单因子完全随机区组设计,分为4组,每组10只.对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组在基础饲粮中分别添加1 100、2 200和4 400 IU/kg的VA.结果表...     

妊娠早期绵羊子宫和胎儿实测与超声探查比较

用Ｂ超跟踪探查的９头妊娠母羊，分别于妊娠５７、５８、５９、６０、８６、８７、８８、９６和１００ｄ剖检，实测其于叶直径、胎儿冠一臀长、头长和胎儿主要内脏。结果发现，直径最大的子叶在妊娠８６ｄ，说明以测子叶直径来预测胎龄，只适用于妊娠８６ｄ以前；妊娠５９ｄ观察到有胃液，妊娠８６、９６ｄ先后在直肠和结肠观察到有胎粪蓄积，９６和１００ｄ在羊水和胃内发现有小粪球，说明此时已有排粪和吞咽反射；妊娠８７和８８ｄ观察到膀胱有尿蓄积和睾丸降入阴囊。     

产蛋鸡日粮中添加Vc的效果试验

选取海兰商品蛋鸡１０８只,分为对照和试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ３组,每组３６只,分别饲喂添加０、１００、２００ｍｇ／ｋｇＶｃ的蛋鸡日粮。４２天的试验结果：Ⅰ组提高蛋鸡产蛋数６．３６％,饲料转化效率提高６．７％,经济效益增加１７．０２％;Ⅱ组降低蛋鸡产蛋数１．４５％,降低饲料转化效率２．９４％,比对照组少收入６．３％。说明适宜的Ｖｃ添加量能显著提高产蛋鸡的生产性能。     

饲粮能量和蛋白质水平对莱芜黑山羊泌乳母羊营养物质消化、泌乳量和血清生化指标及羔羊增重的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮能量和蛋白质水平对莱芜黑山羊泌乳母羊(1~60泌乳日龄)营养物质消化、泌乳量和血清生化指标及其产出羔羊增重的影响。饲粮能量和蛋白质水平设计参考《肉羊饲养标准》(NY/T 816—2004)。1~30泌乳日龄:消化能12.78 MJ/kg,粗蛋白质15.00%;31~60泌乳日龄:消化能13.00 M J/kg,粗蛋白质17.00%。高、低水平分别设计为标准推荐量的120%、100%。将40只分娩后的莱芜黑山羊母羊平均分为4组,各组分别饲喂高蛋白质、高能(A组),低蛋白质、高能(B组),高蛋白质、低能(C组),低蛋白质、低能(D组)饲粮。结果表明:1)A组的羔羊平均日增重显著高于其他3组(P0.05),D组母羊体重呈负增长现象,但变化幅度较小。1~30日龄羔羊增重速度高于31~60日龄,羔羊平均日增重以C组在1~30日龄和A组在31~60日龄最高。2)整个泌乳期A、C组的母羊泌乳总量显著高于B、D组(P0.05),各组泌乳量峰值均出现在30泌乳日龄,随后逐渐降低。3)饲粮蛋白质水平影响母羊的泌乳量及羔羊的平均日增重,饲粮能量水平的影响不如蛋白质明显。4)母羊粗蛋白质采食量、泌乳量及羔羊平均日增重具有相似的变化趋势,有一定相关性。总之,1~30泌乳日龄母羊饲粮消化能、粗蛋白质、干物质适宜水平分别为1.145 MJ/(kg W0.75·d)、17.67 g/(kg W0.75·d)、93.73 g/(kg W0.75·d),31~60泌乳日龄分别为1.139 MJ/(kg W0.75·d)、19.65 g/(kg W0.75·d)、90.14 g/(kg W0.75·d)。     

苷元型大豆异黄酮对母羊氧化应激、乳中免疫球蛋白和羔羊生长的影响

本试验旨在研究日粮中添加不同水平的苷元型大豆异黄酮对妊娠后期及泌乳期母羊氧化应激、乳中免疫球蛋白和羔羊生长的影响。试验选用33只年龄、体重、胎次相近的妊娠100 d的崇明白山羊,随机分为3组,对照组饲喂基础日粮(C0组,11只),试验组分别在基础日粮中添加20 mg/kg(T1组,9只)和30 mg/kg(T2组,13只)苷元型大豆异黄酮。结果表明:T1和T2组母羊的窝产羔数、初生窝重、断奶窝重和窝日增重显著高于C0组(P0.05);分娩当日,T2组母羊血清中过氧化氢(H_2O_2)含量显著低于C0和T1组(P0.05);与T1和T2组相比,C0组血清中总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)活性最高(P0.05),总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)最低(P0.05),3组间丙二醛(MDA)无显著差异(P0.05);在泌乳21 d,T2组母羊血清中H_2O_2含量显著低于C0和T1组(P0.05);与C0和T2组相比,T1组血清中T-SOD活性最高(P0.05),3组的T-AOC和MDA无显著差异(P0.05);T1和T2组初乳中免疫球蛋白A(Ig A)含量显著高于C0组(P0.05)。结果提示,在妊娠后期及泌乳期母羊饲粮中添加苷元型大豆异黄酮可有效减缓母羊的氧化损伤,提高初乳中免疫球蛋白含量,促进羔羊生长发育,且添加量以30 mg/kg效果更显著。     

两种日粮及补添左旋精氨酸对萨福克肉羊繁殖性能及血清激素水平的影响

试验研究了萨福克肉羊妊娠期日粮中添加左旋精氨酸(L-Arg)对其繁殖性能以及血清中激素水平的影响。选择年龄、胎次相近的萨福克母羊105只,分为3组,每组35只。随机选取一组作为对照组:饲喂配方1精料,自然发情;试验Ⅰ组:饲喂配方2精料,外源激素处理(孕酮海绵阴道栓+PMSG+A3),添加L-Arg;试验Ⅱ组:饲喂配方2精料,外源激素处理(孕酮海绵阴道栓+PMSG+A3)。3组分别在补饲前、配种后、配种47 d后采集血清样品。检测血清样品中7种激素的水平。结果表明:在经过PMSG+A3处理,促进卵巢排卵后,给萨福克羊添加L-Arg在改善胚胎的附植和存活率方面未见显著效果。在补饲前、配种后以及配种47 d后,添加L-Arg会降低萨福克肉羊血清中E3、P、Cor的含量。在补饲前、配种后以及配种47 d后,添加L-Arg对萨福克肉羊血清中E2、FSH、LH、hCG的分泌无显著影响。     

Effects of Three Anthelmintic Treatment Regimes against Fasciola and Nematodes on the Performance of Ewes and Lambs on Pasture in the Highlands of Kenya

The efficacy of strategic anthelmintic control of liver flukes (Fasciola) and gastrointestinal (GI) nematodes on the performance of ewes and lambs on pasture was assessed on a farm in the highlands of Kenya. In May 1999, 45 Corriedale ewes, aged between 2 and 3 years, were ear-tagged, weighed and allocated randomly to three equal treatment groups based on body weight. Faecal samples taken at this time revealed low levels of strongyle-type eggs per gram of faeces (EPG) and the presence of liver fluke eggs in only a few of the animals. All the animals were then set stocked for 12 months on separate paddocks in an area endemic for both Fasciola and GI nematodes. The ewes in group 1 were given a combined anthelmintic treatment against Fasciola and GI nematodes during the periods recommended for the control of Fasciola in the area (February, June and October). The ewes in group 2 were given the combined treatments 3 weeks after the onset of both the short and long rainy seasons (November and April, respectively). Those in group 3 were given separate treatments for Fasciola (February, June and October) and nematodes (3 weeks after the onset of the rainy seasons). The anthelmintic treatment against Fasciola consisted of triclabendazole at 10 mg per kg body weight, and that against nematodes was levamisole at 10 mg per kg body weight.The nematode EPG for the ewes in group 1 were higher than in groups 2 and 3 during both rainy seasons. The nematode EPG did not differ significantly between groups 2 and 3. The prevalence of Fasciola eggs (number of ewes shedding eggs in a group) in the ewes in groups 1 and 3 remained very low throughout the study period compared to those in group 2. The highest birth weights and the weight gains of lambs were recorded for the group of ewes given separate anthelmintic treatments for Fasciola and nematodes (group 3). The results of this trial indicated that, in an area like Nyandarua District, where liver flukes and GI nematodes are important constraints to sheep production, the best practice is to give separate treatments for the two groups of parasites at the recommended times.     

外源酶及其添加时间对鸡饲粮氨基酸消化率影响的研究

30只18周龄的伊莎褐种公鸡随机分为6组,每组5只。一组用于内源氨基酸校正的样品采集。其它5组作强饲试验,其中一组采用常规日粮预试一周并强饲常规日粮;另外四组饲喂加酶日粮,预试期分别为一周、二周、三周及四周,再强饲加酶日粮,氨基酸消化率采用“TME”法测定。结果表明:(1)酶及不同的预试期可使17种氨基酸的表观消化率有不同程度的提高,但提高幅度因不同氨基酸而异。采用加酶日粮预试并强饲可减少氨基酸消化率的变异范围和标准差。(2)与常规日粮组相比,加酶日粮预试一周、二周、三周及四周再强饲,可使总氨基酸表观消化率分别提高3.85、3.49、2.76及4.12个百分点。以预试四周为佳。(3)Sibbald's“TME”法测定鸡加酶饲粮氨基酸消化率时,采用加酶日粮预试一周后强饲为宜。     

外源酶及其添加时间对鸡饲粮氨基酸消化率影响的研究

30只18周龄的伊莎褐种公鸡随机分为6组，每组5只。一组用于内源氨基酸校正的样品采集。其它5组作强饲试验，其中一组采用常规日粮预试一周并强饲常规日粮；另外四组饲喂加酶日粮，预试期分别为一周、二周、三周及四周，再强饲加酶日粮，氨基酸消化率采用“TME”法测定。结果表明：（1）酶及不同的预试期可使17种氨基酸的表观消化率有不同程度的提高，但提高幅度因不同氨基酸而异。采用加酶日粮预试并强饲可减少氨基酸消化率的变异范围和标准差。（2）与常规日粮组相比，加酶日粮预试一周、二周、三周及四周再强饲，可使总氨基酸表观消化率分别提高3．85、3．49、2．76及4．12个百分点。以预试四周为佳。（3）Sibbald＇s“TME”法测定鸡加酶饲粮氨基酸消化率时，采用加酶日粮预试一周后强饲为宜。