水貂自咬症病因的分子遗传研究

自咬症是笼养毛皮动物水貂、狐狸的常见病,严重影响着毛皮质量,然而其发病原因一直未得以明确。作者初步从分子遗传学角度探讨了水貂自咬症的发病原因。采用随机扩增多态DNA（RAPD）技术分别对正常水貂组和自咬水貂组进行了遗传基因差异上的比对分析。从100个随机引物中筛选出40个重复性好的多态引物,提取水貂健康与患病群体DNA各40个,随机抽取10个构建基因池,进行RAPD标记研究。挑选出在健康组与患病组差异明显的S103引物（序列为AGACGTCCAC）并对其进行克隆,将克隆结果交上海生工生物有限公司测序。引物S103扩增出健康与患病水貂的特异条带,仅在患病水貂组中发现750 bp左右的DNA片段,而在健康组中发现600 bp左右的特异片段。此两条特异片段可初步作为区分健康和患病水貂群体的分子遗传标记,为进一步对水貂自咬症的深入研究奠定了基础。     

水貂自咬症病因的遗传分析策略及进展

自咬症是世界范围内养殖的毛皮兽广泛流行的疾病之一,其危害主要表现在皮张质量的降低。目前对该症的发病机理和检测方法报道很少,因此早期诊断和淘汰患病个体成为防止该病发生的主要措施。从2007年起,课题组开始利用标记辅助选择或基因辅助选择等措施,寻找与水貂自咬症相关的候选基因和分子标记,共筛选出6对特异性分子标记,并发现3个候选基因的7个突变位点与自咬症的发生显著相关。文中对课题组近5年研究成果作一综述,为阐明自咬症的发病机理给予新的提示与参考。     

Abnormalities of the Female Genital Organs in Mink Heterozygous for the Heggedal Factor Shadow Factor

In Sapphire Shadow (aa pp S^Hs), Blue Shadow (AA pp S^Hs) and Blue Shadow Carrier for Aleutian (Aa pp S^Hs) a malformation of the female genital organs has been demonstrated and described. The malformations seem to be restricted to the areas which are formed by the Müllerian ducts and chiefly affect the vagina and cervix, corpus and cornua uteri, whilst the uterine tubes are as a rule normal.Among females which are empty after their first breeding season the frequency of these malformations was almost 42 % and among virginal young females 18.5 %.The abnormalities seem to be due to a pleiotropic, possibly sexlimited effect of the Heggedal factor (Shadow factor S^H). With respect to these malformations, the Heggedal factor acts as a dominant hereditary factor with incomplete penetrance and varying expressivity. The penetrance in the females was approximately 18.5 % (18.54 ±2.71).A method for demonstrating the malformations in live mink is described.     

奶牛胎衣不下的病因调查

本研究调查了合肥市某牧场269头奶牛的分娩情况,其中胎衣不下奶牛26例,发病率为9.67%.结合该奶牛场的实际情况,并调查了胎衣不下的发病原因.结果表明,奶牛胎衣不下与胎次、犊牛初生重、妊娠时间和异常分娩等因素有关.     

Clinical Chemical Studies in Aleutian Disease of Mink

Clinical chemical determinations were carried out on blood removed by cardiac puncture from 49 mink affected with Aleutian disease and 25 normal animals and the respective differences tested for statistical significance. Blood urea nitrogen, serum total protein and globulin, thymol turbidity, glutamic oxalacetic and glutamic pyruvic transaminases and amylase were definitely elevated in the affected animals whereas serum calcium, albumin and A/G ratio were depressed. No statistically significant difference was apparent between the two groups in the comparison of inorganic phosphorus, alkaline and acid phosphatases, bilirubin, total cholesterol and esters, cephalin-cholesterol flocculation (3+ in each case), sodium, potassium, chloride, CO₂-combining power, leucine aminopeptidase and lactic dehydrogenase (means: over 2,000 u./ml.). For both the control and affected mink, the distribution of serum lactic dehydrogenase isozymes resembled that of human homologous serum hepatitis. Electrophoresis of serum proteins confirmed earlier findings of hypergammaglobulinemia in the diseased animals but a fast-moving or pre-albumin component, averaging 4% of the total protein, occurred in both the diseased and normal mink.     

真菌性乳房炎病原菌的分离鉴定及其致病性研究

本研究针对天津地区使用多种常规药物治疗均无效的乳房炎患牛,无菌采集奶样进行真菌病原分离鉴定及致病性试验, 经鉴定其病原菌为白色念珠菌和新型隐球菌,其对试验动物具有较强的致病力。本研究结果为更好地了解天津市及周边地区奶牛感染真菌的情况,进而采取有效的防治措施提供了一定的理论依据。     

貂,貉,犬病毒性肠炎快速诊断试剂的研究

用金黄葡萄球菌Ａ蛋白（ＳＰＡ）协同凝集方法（ＣｏＡ）对貂、貉、犬病毒性肠炎快速诊断的试剂进行了制备，确定了制备。艺及该制剂的标准操作程序。本制剂特异性强，不与健康动物的组织及其他几种病毒病（犬瘟热、犬传染性肝炎、狂犬病等）发生交叉凝集反应，灵敏度高，通过该制剂ＣｏＡ法与ＨＡ－ＨＩ法比较结果比现行的貂、貉、犬病毒性肠炎ＨＡ－ＨＩ诊断方法检出率高出３０％，同时具有微量、操作简便、易掌握、快速等特点，可在３～５ｍｉｎ获得诊断结果。     

SCAR分子标记对水貂食毛症遗传病因的初步研究

本研究利用序列特异性扩增(SCAR)技术对健康和食毛水貂进行遗传分析,旨在从分子水平探讨水貂食毛症的发病原因.首先从126个随机引物中筛选出4个重复性好的标记引物,通过引物A20和S139的扩增在两群体中找到差异标记(A20-1000,S139-400),对其进行克隆、测序,并根据测序结果设计2对SCAR引物,回到原样本群体中扩增验证.结果,SA20-757在食毛和健康水貂群体的分布频率分别为86.88％和27.41％,差异极显著(P＜0.001);MS139-230在食毛和健康水貂群体的分布频率分别为94.21％和39.38％,差异极显著(P＜0.001).SA20-757与MS139-230联合分析表明,特异性条带在患病水貂群体的分布频率高达95.36％,均比单个SCAR特异引物的扩增比例要高.结果提示,SA20-757与MS139-230联合诊断分析,可以很好的区分健康与食毛水貂群体,可初步作为水貂食毛症早期诊断的分子生物学手段,为进一步研究水貂食毛症奠定基础.     

奶牛真菌陛乳房炎病原菌的分离鉴定及其致病性研究

本研究针对天津地区使用多种常规药物治疗均无效的乳房炎患奶牛,无菌采集其奶样进行真菌病原分离鉴定及其致病性试验,经鉴定其病原茵为白色念珠菌和新型隐球菌,其对实验动物具有较强的致病力.本文的研究结果为更好地了解天津市及周边地区奶牛场真菌的感染情况,进而采取有效的防治措施提供了一定的理论依据.     

没食子酸和三甲胺N-氧化物对体外瘤胃发酵和三甲胺代谢的影响

试验旨在研究没食子酸(GA)和三甲胺N-氧化物(TMAO)对体外瘤胃发酵和三甲胺(TMA)代谢的影响.通过瘤胃体外模拟试验分析瘤胃底物消失率、总产气量、发酵参数和TMA代谢情况,设置对照组、15 mg GA/g DM组、5 mg TMAO/g DM组、5 mg TMAO+15 mg GA/g DM组,每组4个重复,培养...     

水貂多态蛋白位点与经济性状相关的研究

通过建立一般线性模型对美国短毛黑、大连金州黑和左家型水貂遗传标记的筛选,方差分析表明,Pi-3对左家型水貂皮张长度有显著影响,Pi-3位点与美国短毛黑针绒毛长度比之间存在显著相关,Est是对金州黑水貂体重影响较大的位点,Po是对金州黑水貂针绒毛长度比影响较大的位点,Po和Est对金州黑水貂绒毛长度有显著影响。最小二乘均数结果表明,左家型水貂Pi-3的AA型与AB型间皮长差异显著,美国短毛黑中Pi-3的AA型与AB型间针绒毛长度比差异显著,金州黑水貂Est的AB和BB型体重之间也有显著差异,金州黑水貂Po的AA型与AB型的针绒毛长度比有显著差异,金州黑水貂Po的AA型与BB型和Est的AB和BC基因型之间的绒毛长度也有显著差异。     

Observations on the Etiological Agent of Plasmacytosis of Mink: Evidence Suggesting a Relationship of the Agent to the Granules of a Mycobacterium Species

A hypothesis based on a possible connection between the granules produced by a species of Mycobacterium and the agent causing Plasmacytosis in mink is suggested. The presence of these granules in the identical tissues of mink from which a virus had previously been isolated, is noted. Granules with the ability to produce a “germ tube” with acid-fast staining characteristics were found to be present in these tissues. Preliminary cytological studies have shown these granules to be similar to those described by Much. When tissues containing the granules were injected into guinea pigs, rabbits and chickens and these were later tested with avian tuberculin, positive skin reactions occurred. A disease was reproduced in chickens which simulated avian leucosis. In guinea pigs a disease was reproduced which resembled Plasmacytosis in mink with some histological differences. Rabbits appeared to be refractory to infection with the dosage and route of inoculation used. The results obtained from bacteriological studies, tissue culture, animal inoculation, as well as observations made on the cytological properties of the granules, are described and discussed.     

鸡贫血病毒感染鸡细胞凋亡研究

用TUNEL法检测了1 日龄SPF雏鸡感染鸡贫血病毒(CAV)后胸腺和骨髓细胞的凋亡情况。结果,接种CAV 后6、10、20 d,骨髓细胞的凋亡率分别达51% 、52% 、57% ;接种后6 d,胸腺细胞凋亡率为53% ,比对照鸡胸腺和骨髓细胞的凋亡率明显升高( P< 0.01)。用流式细胞仪对胸腺细胞悬液所作的细胞凋亡分析结果与TUNEL法检测结果一致。     

饲料中添加氧化三甲胺对哲罗鱼生长性能、肌肉成分、消化道脂肪酶活性和血清生化指标的影响

本试验旨在研究饲料中添加氧化三甲胺(TMAO)对哲罗鱼生长性能、肌肉成分、消化道脂肪酶活性和血清生化指标的影响。试验选用初重为(4.15±0.15)g的哲罗鱼1 800尾,随机分为5组,每组3个重复,每个重复100尾。6组试验鱼分别饲喂含0(对照组)、0.02%、0.05%、0.10%、0.20%和0.50%TMAO的试验饲料。试验期为56 d。结果表明:饲料中添加0.02%～0.20%TMAO后,哲罗鱼的增重率显著升高(P<0.05),当添加量为0.05%时达最大值。饲料中添加0.02%～0.50%TMAO后显著降低了哲罗鱼肌肉粗脂肪含量以及血清胆固醇、甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白含量(P<0.05),而对肌肉水分、粗蛋白质和灰分含量,肌肉氨基酸组成及含量以及血清葡萄糖含量未产生显著影响(P>0.05)。前肠+幽门盲囊和后肠脂肪酶活性均以添加量为0.02%时为最高,显著高于对照组和0.50%添加组(P<0.05)。哲罗鱼胰腺脂肪酶活性各组间无显著差异(P>0.05)。由此得出,饲料中添加TMAO影响哲罗鱼生长,改变肌肉成分和消化酶活性,降低血脂水平。以增重率为指标进行折线模型分析,得出TMAO最适添加量为0.025%。     

Studies on Viral Plasmacytosis (Aleutian Disease) of Mink : VII. Infection of Mink with DNA Extracted from Diseased Spleens

Lesions considered typical of aleutian disease developed in three of four mink inoculated with DNA extracted from spleens of mink with viral plasmacytosis. Control mink inoculated with buffered saline or DNA treated with specific enzyme (DNAase) remained normal. It is inferred that the infective DNA corresponds to viral DNA.

This DNA preparation was used in an attempt to infect tissue cultures from mink testis cells but the results were equivocal.

     

水貂营养研究进展

水貂饲料营养是影响水貂养殖经济效益的一个重要因素,科研工作者对此作了大量的研究工作。作者回顾了国内外水貂营养研究进展,结合对水貂消化系统特点的分析分别从能量水平、脂肪与脂肪酸、蛋白质与氨基酸、碳水化合物、维生素和矿物需要量等方面进行了综述,为水貂营养的进一步研究提供了依据,同时提出了水貂营养研究存在的问题及进一步研究方向。     

蛋鸡J亚群白血病临床、病理和病原学研究

为了解白血病发病过程和病变多样性,从一个严重发生过ALV-J诱发肿瘤/血管瘤的240日龄海蓝褐商品代蛋鸡群中挑选28只不能正常产蛋鸡在实验室连续观察50 d.其中7只分别在249～265日龄死亡,1只出现趾部血管瘤,死后剖检6只出现肝、脾肿大,血管瘤或肿瘤结节.其余21只300日龄剖杀,4只趾部血管瘤,剖检后,除4只外均有不同的内脏病变如肝、脾肿大,弥漫性白色肿瘤结节或纤维肉瘤,以及骨硬化等.对21只采血分离病毒,均分离到ALV-J.对7个分离株gp85扩增克隆测序,表明该分离株与J亚群参考株gp85核苷酸序列同源性最高,在86.9％～95.5％,与A-E亚群ALV的同源性50.6％～53.3％.     

内蒙古山羊流产病毒的特性研究

1990－1992年从野外山羊流产的胎儿中分离到2株病毒。1994年又从野外自然流产的山羊胎盘中分离到1株病毒。用琼脂扩散试验做交叉反应，证明3株分离病毒属于同一种病毒。用FUDR抑制试验鉴定其核酸型为RNA，在电镜下为圆形颗粒，直径约60－70mm，其能在BHK21，Vero细胞上和鸡胚中增殖，产生明显的CPE。将其回归孕山羊，引起51．2％（21／41）流产。研制的福氏完全佐剂灭活苗初试与对照比较，可使流产降低46％，血清学反应证实其与BTV，IBARKIV，EHDV，AKBV无相关性。