马铃薯病毒毒源进试管封闭保存技术

<正>马铃薯病毒毒源是马铃薯病毒检测中抗血清制备及ELISA检测中必备的材料,也是马铃薯抗病育种和马铃薯病毒学研究所需的材料。我国1987年以来就开展了采用试管封闭保存毒源法的研究,结果表明利用烟草、洋酸浆、番茄等植物做为马铃薯不同病毒试管保毒植物,其试管小植株可单节切断繁殖,均可正常成长发育,移栽到土壤中小植株发育正常,并仍具有浸染力,此法一直沿用至今。     

马铃薯主要病毒保毒植物试管保存技术及其效果的研究

本文报道了１９８７～１９９０年对马铃薯主要病毒毒源试管封闭保存的研究结果．保毒植物为普通烟草、心叶烟、德伯尼烟、番茄、千日红，洋酸浆等．在无菌条件下，温度为２０～２５℃，２０００～３０００ｍ烛光照，取其０．５～１ｃｍ大茎尖消毒后扦插在试管培养基上培养，因保毒植物种类不同，其成活率为５７．６％～１００％，平均为８７．１％，进管２０～２６天生根发育正常．在试管内发育成株时，可进行单节切段更新繁殖，其生长发育比大茎尖初次进管时速度快，一般６～１２天生根发育正常，并保持试管毒源纯度和含毒量．     

马铃薯普通花叶病毒(PVX)抗血清的制备和不同酶联免疫吸附检测法的对比试验

从一东农 30 3马铃薯的重花叶症状病株 ,经用千日红 (Gomphrenaglobosa)两次单斑分离获得一马铃薯普通花叶病毒 (PVX)毒源株 ,用普通烟 (Nicotianatabacum )繁殖病毒 ,参照S .M .PaulKhurana等人的方法提纯病毒 ,免疫家兔 ,获得了效价达 1∶5 12 ,非专化反应为 1∶4的马铃薯X病毒抗血清。把PVX抗血清用过碘酸钠氧化法制备成辣根过氧化物酶的结合物 ,其工作浓度可达到 1∶10 0 0以上。在这一基础上进行了直接酶联检测法 (DirectImmunosorbentAssay) ,间接酶联检测法 (IndirectImmunosorbentAssay)的对比试验。     

马铃薯A病毒不同分离物的侵染鉴定及致病力分析

马铃薯A病毒(Potato virus A,PVA)是马铃薯生产上较常见的病毒之一,植株感病症状与品种、病毒株系和环境条件有关.为研究PVA不同分离物对马铃薯的致病力,将3种遗传背景不同的PVA分离物纯毒源,分别接种到指示植物'黄花烟'和马铃薯品种'克新13号'上,应用qRT-PCR检测技术进行病毒侵染鉴定,并观察其致...     

二季作区脱毒马铃薯种薯繁殖技术规程

1　前　言马铃薯脱毒只是脱除了已经侵染到块茎内的各种病毒 ,但并不能解决植株遭受病毒再侵染的问题。事实上 ,脱毒马铃薯在繁殖过程中 ,只要接触毒源或遭到传毒介体的侵害 ,就会重新感染病毒而再次发生退化。因此 ,在繁殖脱毒种薯的过程中 ,必须采取严格的隔离措施以防止病毒的再侵染。脱毒种薯的繁殖过程包括脱毒试管苗快繁、脱毒微型薯 (原原种 )工厂化生产、一代原种生产和二、三代原种生产及一级脱毒种薯生产等过程。2　脱毒试管苗快繁保存的脱毒试管苗在进行大量扩繁时 ,首先要进行病毒检测 ,确信不含各种病毒后再开始切繁。基础苗在…     

马铃薯主要病毒保毒植物试管保存技术及其效果的研究

本文报道了１９８７￣１９９０年对马铃薯主要病毒毒源试管封闭保存的研究结果，保毒植物为普通烟草，心叶烟，德伯尼烟，番茄、千日红，洋酸浆等，在无菌条件下，温度为２０￣２５℃，２０００￣３０００ｍ烛光照，取其０．５￣１ｃｍ，大茎尖消毒后扦插在试管培养苦上培养，因保毒植物种类不同，其成活率为５７．６％￣１００％，平均为８７．１％。进管２０￣２６天生根发育正常，在试管内发育成株时，可进行单节切段更新繁殖，其     

马铃薯的繁殖技术

<正> 用营养体繁殖的马铃薯是以块茎代替种子进行繁殖的。而近年来,开发了用实生种子繁殖的栽培法、以茎叶为繁殖源的组织培养法,以及扦插繁殖等快速繁殖技术,希望这些方法能够尽快达到实用化。一直延用到现在的块茎繁殖法,优点是种薯大、生长快,缺点是繁殖率低,每10英亩土地需     

马铃薯脱毒苗切繁技术

１前言脱毒后的种薯在继代繁殖过程中,普遍存在着不可避免的重新感毒,逐年积累加重,最后完全失去脱毒作用的问题。因此马铃薯脱毒后,在继代扩繁中能否控制和减轻病毒侵染,在最短时期内繁殖出大量可以满足大田生产用的优质脱毒种薯,是马铃薯脱毒技术能否在生产上充分...     

云南省马铃薯脱毒试管苗和微型薯病毒检测与分析

病毒病是制约马铃薯产量和质量的重要因素。马铃薯脱毒试管苗、微型薯是生产脱毒种薯的重要环节。本研究于2010~2013年对收集自云南省的试管苗274个、微型薯356个,共计630个样品。应用电子显微镜观察,并采用DAS-ELISA检测了8种病毒:马铃薯S病毒、马铃薯卷叶病毒、马铃薯Y病毒、马铃薯X病毒、马铃薯A病毒、马铃薯M病毒、番茄斑萎病毒和烟草环斑病毒,发现试管苗和微型薯中马铃薯S病毒检出率最高(21.27%),其次是PLRV(5.71%);还检测到了新出现的侵染马铃薯的番茄斑萎病毒和烟草环斑病毒。研究结果为马铃薯种薯生产过程中病毒病的检测防控提供了参考。     

植物提取物防治马铃薯晚疫病研究进展

马铃薯是世界第四大粮食作物,在世界范围内被广泛种植。晚疫病是严重危害马铃薯生产的重要病害,可导致马铃薯大幅度减产。由于植物源农药具有低毒性、无残留、高选择性、不破坏环境、不易产生抗药性等优点,近年来在马铃薯晚疫病防治领域受到重视。综述了近年来中国在应用植物提取物防治马铃薯晚疫病领域的研究进展,分析了植物提取物防治马铃薯晚疫病的优势和不足,并对其今后的发展进行了展望,以期为进一步研究防治马铃薯晚疫病的植物源农药提供参考依据。     

Acquisition of potato leafroll virus byMyzus persicae from secondarily-infected potato plants of different genotypes

Summary The acquisition of potato leafroll virus (PLRV) byMyzus persicae nymphs from the top leaves of potato plants was studied throughout a growing season in relation to the antigen titre in those leaves and the feeding behaviour of the aphid. Secondarily-infected plants of eight potato genotypes with different levels of field resistance served as virus sources. Early in the growing season, plants were efficient sources for virus acquisition. The amount of viral antigen detected inM. persicae nymphs fed on the top leaves was strongly correlated with the titres of viral antigen in these leaves. Virus acquisition from the top leaves of older potato plants was markedly impaired and could not be correlated with their virus titre. With increasing age of the potato plants and the development of virus symptoms, the virus titre in the leaves declined and the initial weak correlation between the virus titre and field resistance ratings disappeared. Thus, screening secondarily-infected potato plants for field resistance to PLRV based on the concentration of viral antigen in leaves or in aphids fed on them should be avoided later in the growing season. The feeding rate ofM. persicae, measured by the number of honeydew droplets excreted, did not account for the reduced uptake of virus from older plants since it was not influenced by the age of the plant. Throughout the growing season, the feeding rate ofM. persicae nymphs on PLRV-infected plants was higher on genotypes with low levels of field resistance to PLRV than on genotypes with high ones.     

碳源浓度对不同光源培养的马铃薯脱毒试管苗生长的影响

就培养基碳源浓度对不同光源培养的马铃薯脱毒试管苗生长的影响进行了系统的研究 ,分析了自然光照培养的优势。结果表明 ,利用自然光照培养马铃薯脱毒试管苗 ,培养基最适宜的碳源浓度为 12 5g/L ,较人工灯光培养的最适宜碳源浓度 2 0g/L减少了三分之一 ,降低培养基成本 3% ,移栽成活率提高 8 91% ,总体降低试管苗生产成本 2 6 5%。     

Relationship of virus concentration with the field resistance to potato virus Y in potatoes

The concentration of potato virus Y (PVY) was determined, using ELISA values (A405 nm), in twenty-six potato cultivars belonging to five resistance groups, grown in the field and in the greenhouse. On the basis of virus concentration, potato cultivars of group A, B, and C did not differ significantly and constitute the most susceptible group; those of group D and E differ significantly with each other and with group A, B, C, and constitute moderate and highly resistant groups, respectively. In the second year of infection, virus concentration was higher in each group, irrespective of resistance level. Thus, the infected plants of resistant groups, in a second year of growth, could be as rich sources of virus to aphids as plants from susceptible groups.     

Volunteer potatoes as a source of potato leafroll virus and potato virus X

Volunteer potatoes were investigated as infection sources for potato leafroll virus (PLRV) and potato virus X (PVX) in a high elevation seed potato growing area of eastern Idaho. Population densities ofMyzus persicae were assessed. Percentage of PLRV and PVX infection of the volunteers and seed potato crops was determined, as well as density of volunteers and certain parameters of volunteer growth and reproduction. Volunteers apparently harbored no more PLRV than the potato crop from which they originated. But they were found to be an important reservoir of PVX with the infection increasing as much as 12.43% in one year. No aphids capable of transmitting PLRV were found although one species that can transmit potato virus Y was recorded. The mean density of volunteers varied from 0 to 84,880 stems/ha. The number of tubers remaining in the field after harvest and winter weather conditions appeared to be the only factors affecting volunteer density. Volunteer plants arising from seed pieces at an average depth of 6.1 cm were found to set an average of 2.1 new tubers per plant at an average depth of 4.0 cm. These results suggest that volunteer potatoes are a significant source of PVX infection in subsequent seed potato crops.     

马铃薯种薯在高温下萌芽的生物学效应

本试验以晋薯2号品种的带毒及无毒种薯为材料,在萌芽期间进行高温(25～28℃)贮藏处理,以低温(4～7℃)处理作为对照,研究种薯在高温条件下萌芽对后代植株生长、生理及产量的影响,探讨种薯生理年龄的衡量指标以及萌芽高温和病毒在马铃薯退化中的作用。     

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of potato leafroll virus and potato virus Y in potato tubers after artificial break of dormancy

Summary Conditions necessary for the detection of potato leafroll virus (PLRV) and potato virus Y (PVY) in tubers from primary and secondary infected plants were investigated. Tubers were analysed before and after breaking dormancy by rindite treatment. PLRV was reliably detected indormant tubers whereas PVY was readily detected only when tubers had been rindite-treated and held for two to three weeks at 22°C and high humidity in the dark. PLRV occurred in higher concentration at the heel end than at the rose end of infected tubers and the concentration remained nearly unchanged during the experimental period of 35 days, whereas PVY was found to be more concentrated at the rose end and was rapidly accumulating in the tubers after the break of dormancy. In dormant tubers PVY concentration dropped during storage at 22°C. The use of ELISA for tuber indexing is discussed.     

Potato Breeding and Seed Production System Development in Russia

First, an extensive literature review was performed with respect to Potato virus Y (PVY) resistance sources and their further utilization in a breeding programme. On the basis of that review we present a scheme of backcrossing and new cultivar creation on the basis of five detected sources of PVY resistance and one source of Potato virus X resistance. Some cultivar pedigrees are presented reflecting the differences in the breeding strategies. Moreover, results of investigations on some polygenic traits such as field resistance against late blight and starch content are presented. For these purposes progenies were screened for suitable recombinant genotypes which were used in further crossings. Also the results of investigations on resistance to the potato golden nematode and on the selection of cultivars suitable for processing are briefly analysed. We also describe a programme of parallel evaluation of identical hybrid populations in different soils and climatic zones. The development of seed potato production systems facilitated the conditions to improve the quality of potato seed material, to increase potato production and to allow Russia to participate in the international potato market. Systems of virus detection, norms and methods of laboratory tests as well as requirements for quality and tolerance levels of different seed classes (generations) were unified and harmonized with European systems.     

Diploid genotype DW.84-1457, highly resistant to potato leafroll virus (PLRV)

Summary The diploid clone DW.84-1457 which has outstanding resistance to potato leafroll virus (PLRV), has been selected at the Mlochów Centre of the Institute for Potato Research. It has in its pedigree PLRV-resistant clones from the Max Planck Institute nos. MPI 44.1016/10, MPI 44.335/130 and MPI 49.540/2. Its behaviour in the field and response to aphid inoculation indicate high resistance to infection, and the low concentration of the virus in graft-inoculated plants indicates high resistance to multiplication. This combination within one genotype of two aspects of resistance is not connected with hypersensitivity, and is heritable. Clone DW.84-1457 has other desirable characters such as extreme resistance to potato virus X (PVX), high resistance to potato virus M (PVM) and good table and processing quality. It is being utilized in the development of parental lines, both at the diploid and tetraploid level.     

脱毒马铃薯试管苗营养液栽培试验

对马铃薯试管苗液体培养过程中所需的温度、光照、营养液浓度等条件进行了研究。结果表明:马铃薯试管苗适应用清水生根,在无机盐离子浓度0.05%～1.25%营养液中生长。在昼夜温度变幅为20～35℃的智能温室中,采用自然光照,脱毒马铃薯试管苗3d开始生长,5d根生齐,在适合的营养液培养条件下,7d达到根长4.5～5.0cm,根数15～22根,茎长6.0～8.0cm,茎粗1.4～2.2cm,叶片数7片,一株可剪顶,切段扦插2～3株,母苗可在侧芽生长后移栽结薯。该法繁殖速度快,成本低,省人力,对技术人员要求不高,是脱毒马铃薯试管苗繁殖的最为有效的途径。     

PVYCP基因导入加工型马铃薯甘农薯1号的研究

利用整合有马铃薯Y病毒外壳蛋白基 (PVYCP基因 )的改建质粒PEY3,以土壤农杆菌为载体转化加工型马铃薯新品种甘农薯 1号叶盘 ,细菌侵染 14d后用 10 0ml/LKM在愈伤组织水平上选择 ,转化率最高可达 2 1 3%。转化效率与细菌生理状态、NAA浓度、叶盘预培养天数有关。转化体分化 2株再生植株。冠瘿碱分析证明转化体整合了PVYCP基因。