日光温室下磁化水对水稻秧苗生长发育的影响

在日光温室条件下,以寒地水稻垦稻24为材料,比较了磁化水与普通水管理下秧苗生长差异,研究了磁化水对秧苗生长发育的调控效应。结果表明,一方面,水稻秧苗经磁化水处理后,可调控叶枕距比例和叶片长度,提高秧苗质高比和根冠比,增加植株干物质量,其中在秧苗生长前期,磁化水对地下部干鲜质量作用强度大,且种子干物质下降速度快于普通水,而后期作用效果则主要表现在地上部;另一方面,磁化水处理后的秧苗根体积、钵体内最大根系长度和根数增加,根密度增速快,根系生长得到促进。综合分析认为,磁化水处理可有效调控秧苗的生长发育进程,促进地下部生长,改善秧苗素质,进而实现壮苗。     

基于清选筛抛掷原理的水稻精量直播排种器试验研究

我国水稻直播机械大部分只能实现水稻的条播,而根据杂交水稻生长的要求,穴直播更有利于水稻生长。为此,提出了利用谷物清选筛原理设计水稻精量穴直播排种器的设计思想,根据水稻精量穴直播要求既成行又成穴的原则,研制了水稻精量穴直播排种机构。排种粒数和种子成穴性的试验结果表明,该排种器能实现每次2～6粒的精量穴播,穴径、穴距和行距符合直播要求。     

基于微分L-系统的水稻根系三维生长模型研究

植物根系结构是其根系的空间构型,水稻根系结构表现出高度的多样性。为了探明水稻根系结构和分布规律,利用水培法开展试验,测定不同生长时期的根系三维空间坐标和形态参数,对水稻根系结构进行高精度的测量。统计分析所测试验数据,确定了根节点的初始位置、各级枝根的生长方向以及根系的生长函数。通过整合水稻根系的拓扑结构,量化其生物学特征,提出基于微分L-系统的水稻根系三维生长模型,以描述水稻根系生长规律,并检验该模型输出结果的精度。借助Visual C++和Open GL标准图形库实现了水稻根系三维生长可视化模拟系统,直观再现了水稻根系动态的生长过程。对比分析表明,系统对总根长、根表面积和根体积的平均模拟拟合度分别为96. 82%、95. 86%和93. 96%。     

增氧灌溉条件下不同施磷量对水稻分蘖期根系的影响研究

针对增氧灌溉条件下水稻不同施磷量对水稻分蘖期根系的影响,采用增氧灌溉技术进行盆栽试验,通过检测分蘖数、株高和根系生长特征指标,研究不同处理下水稻分蘖期根系变化规律。结果表明;OP处理盆栽平均分蘖数、株高与CKP处理区别不明显,高磷肥处理(135kg/hm2)有利于水稻分蘖数、株高的增长,相对于CKP处理,增氧灌溉条件下OP处理水稻分蘖期根系总长、根总体积、根系平均直径变化显著,CKP处理组根系总长、根总体积、根系平均直径CKP3最大,而增氧灌溉条件下OP2处理的根系总长、根总体积最大,相比CKP2,分别提高1.07和3.08倍,OP4处理的根系平均直径最大,相比CKP4提高66%。因此,增氧灌溉条件下施加磷肥处理有利于促进根系生长,提高根系活力,影响营养物质的吸收。     

根区通气增氧对杂交水稻根系及根际土壤微生物的影响研究

为探索根区通气增氧对杂交水稻根系生长和根际微生物的影响规律,以杂交水稻"深优9586"为研究对象,采用模拟微区实验,通过对杂交水稻根系活力与根系生长特征、根际土壤微生物种群数量及纤维分解强度的研究。结果表明:相比常规对照CK处理,在不同生育期根区通气增氧处理促进根系生长,提高根系活力。根区通气增氧处理的杂交水稻根总长、根总体积、根总表面积、平均根系直径、根干重和根尖数等特征指标都明显优于CK处理,且表征根系活力的氯化三苯基四氮唑(TTC)还原强度随着增氧频率的降低而减弱。根区通气增氧处理增加了根际土壤细菌、真菌和放线菌等微生物的数量,除了抽穗期的真菌数和成熟期的细菌外,以上3种微生物种群数量均多于CK处理。在成熟期通气增氧处理的根际土壤微生物纤维分解强度均显著高于CK处理,且纤维分解强度随频率的降低先降低后升高。     

水稻生长信息动态监控系统设计—基于物联网技术

获取水稻的相关生长信息可以动态监控和实时掌握水稻的生长情况,是实现水稻生产管理的自动化和智能化基础。为此,基于物联网技术,设计了集水稻生长过程数据采集、视频信息传输、后台数据分析处理和水稻生长精准调控等功能于一体的水稻生长信息动态监控系统。根据该系统,对植物工厂中种植的4种水稻作为试验田进行研究,选择株高、有效穗数和叶绿素含量这3种性状作为监测对象,并与人工测量数据进行比较,发现该系统可有效监测水稻的株高、有效穗数和叶绿素含量等数量性状,结果表明:系统可实现水稻生产中资源的合理利用,保证水稻高质、高产。     

基于形态参数的水稻根系三维建模及可视化

构建基于形态特征参数的水稻根系几何模型,实现不同生长条件下水稻根系生长动态的三维可视化。本文通过分析水稻根尖生长随生育进程的变化模式,构建了水稻单根三维显示模型,包括根节点初始位置和生长方向的确定以及根轴的空间模拟等;进一步结合水稻根系拓扑结构,以生长度日（GDD）为驱动因子,建立了水稻根系三维重构模型,包括不定根初始发生时间和位置、不定根初始伸展角度、不定根伸长速率、不定根空间分布模型等;然后在Visual C++环境下,结合可视化显示模块、场景控制模块、人机交互界面和数据库模块等,研制了水稻根系三维可     

SDC-2多功能种子处理装置高压电源设计及试验

介绍了SDC-2型多功能种子处理装置的工作原理,基于电力技术对多功能处理机高压电源进行了改进,利用新型高压电源对种子进行处理研究分析,采用均匀设计方法,将作物种子随机分成6组,每组30粒,进行实验研究.试验表明:最佳试验组仍为电压在65kV的第5试验组,其苗高、根总长、根总表面积、根平均直径、根尖数、分形维数等性能指标相对较好,改进后的高压电源稳定性和可靠性增强.     

青霉素对绿豆发芽及幼苗生长的影响

一、实验目的与设计 一些报道表明青霉素有刺激植物种子发芽等作用,因而可将其视为一种植物激素。青霉素在动物上的应用已有大量报道,近年来又开展了青霉素在植物上的应用研究。目前,青霉素被一些科学家用于处理植物种子,如小麦、水稻、玉米、西葫芦、豇豆、烟草等种子。经过处理的种子在发芽率、胚轴的伸长以及发芽后幼苗内物质含量、酶的活性等均有一定的变化。Mukherjis和Biswas发现青霉素能促进水稻幼苗根、茎、叶的生长,用青霉素处理水稻胚乳,发现能显著提高水稻胚乳中α一淀粉酶的活性。     

水钾耦合对水稻根际土壤钾空间分布及根系生长的影响

【目的】探究水钾耦合对水稻根际土壤钾空间分布及根系生长的影响。【方法】以水稻武运粳30为供试作物进行盆栽试验,设置3个水分水平(70%θf~80%θf、80%θf~90%θf、100%θf,θf为饱和含水率),3个钾素水平(混施钾素0、100、200 mg/kg),采用完全随机试验设计,测定了水稻苗期(6叶期)根系生理学指标(物质的量、根冠比)和不同土层根际含钾量。【结果】根际土壤中的水溶性钾总量与钾素水平成正比,水溶性钾量在垂直根系方向上呈降低趋势;各层含交换性钾总量与水分水平成正比,交换性钾量在垂直方向上总体呈增加趋势;根际土壤中各层缓效性钾的总量与供钾水平成正比;缓效性钾量在垂直方向上呈降低趋势;施钾能够抑制水稻苗期地上部的生长,轻度水分胁迫有助于水稻苗期根系的生长,而轻度水分胁迫下施钾有助于增大水稻苗期的根冠比;水分对苗期水稻根系干物质的积累有影响,而钾素则影响水稻苗期地上部干物质量的积累。【结论】水钾耦合效应首先是从影响根际土壤中养分的转化开始,当钾素营养被水稻根系吸收利用后,钾素开始由土壤中迁移到根系中,从而对植株及根系生长产生影响。     

Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies

Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m⁻¹) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day⁻¹. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day⁻¹), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day⁻¹ was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration.     

瓦房店市水果生产标准化发展研究

瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。     

金谷子耐旱TG118引种试种及推广应用

对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。     

对《种子法》存在问题的探讨

《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。     

Review of the Egyptian experience in implementing land drainage projects

About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered.     

和谐社会理论建设的几点哲学思考

在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。     

A European irrigation map for spatially distributed agricultural modelling

We present a pan-European irrigation map based on regional European statistics, a European land use map and a global irrigation map. The map provides spatial information on the distribution of irrigated areas per crop type which allows determining irrigated areas at the level of spatial modelling units. The map is a requirement for a European scale assessment of the impacts of irrigated agriculture on water resources based on spatially distributed modelling of crop growth and water balance. The irrigation map was compiled in a two step procedure. First, irrigated areas were distributed to potentially irrigated crops at a regional level (European statistical regions NUTS3), combining Farm Structure Survey (FSS) data on irrigated area, crop-specific irrigated area for crops whenever available, and total crop area. Second, crop-specific irrigated area was distributed within each statistical region based on the crop distribution given in our land use map. A global map of irrigated areas with a 5′ resolution was used to further constrain the distribution within each NUTS3 based on the density of irrigated areas. The constrained distribution of irrigated areas as taken from statistics to a high resolution dataset enables us to estimate irrigated areas for various spatial entities, including administrative, natural and artificial units, providing a reasonable input scenario for large-scale distributed modelling applications. The dataset bridges a gap between global datasets and detailed regional data on the distribution of irrigated areas and provides information for various assessments and modelling applications.     

粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的应用

在介绍粉质仪和拉伸仪结构和原理的基础上,探讨了粉质曲线中吸水率、形成时间、稳定时间、弱化度和评价值等指标与面粉品质的关系,以及如何根据拉伸曲线中面团最大拉伸阻力、延伸度和拉伸曲线面积等指标来评价面团品质,并结合生产实际,概述了粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的作用。     

农村信息化服务的现状及建设措施

分析当前我国农村信息化服务的现状,提出加强农村信息化服务的新举措。     

车辆ABS控制算法的研究及探讨

对现代汽车的ABS控制算法作了一些简单的介绍,同时指出了它们的一些缺陷,相应地提出了几种对ABS的其它控制方法并加以探讨,其中着重论述了ABS门限值控制算法中参考车速的确定方法和基于附着系数的控制算法。