山羊卵泡卵母细胞体外成熟的研究

为了建立针对山羊卵母细胞的理想体外成熟培养体系,对山羊卵泡卵母细胞的采集方法,FSH和LH对山羊卵泡卵母细胞体外成熟的作用,及培养时间对卵母细胞体外成熟的影响进行了研究。结果表明:采用切割法平均每枚卵巢采集到的A,B级卵母细胞的数量明显多于抽吸法;采用TCM199添加体积分数为10?S,1~2 mg/L 17β_E2,10 mmol/L Hepes,0.12 mg/mL丙酮酸钠,0.1 mg/mL链霉素和0.125 mg/mL青霉素,10 mg/L FSH及20~50 mg/L LH的培养体系,有利于山羊卵母细胞的体外成熟,并放出第一极体。山羊卵母细胞体外成熟培养20,22,24 h,成熟率显著高于培养18,26,30 h(P<0.05)。     

来源和质量不同对山羊卵母细胞体外成熟率的影响

比较了卵母细胞级别对体外成熟率的影响,以及促卵泡素(FSH)处理山羊对卵母细胞采集的数量和质量的影响。结果表明:卵母细胞级别对体外成熟率有显著影响,不论是来源于FSH处理卵巢还是屠宰场卵巢,均是A、B级卵母细胞的成熟率高于C级卵母细胞,差异极显著(P<0.01)。但是A、B级卵母细胞之间差异不显著;卵巢来源对卵母细胞采集的数量和质量有显著影响,A、B级卵母细胞在获卵总数中所占的比例,平均每个卵巢获卵母细胞数及A、B级卵母细胞数,均是FSH处理卵巢高于屠宰场卵巢,差异显著(P<0.05);卵巢来源对卵母细胞体外成熟率有显著影响,来自于FSH处理卵巢的卵母细胞体外成熟率高于屠宰场卵巢(81.6%比67.6%),差异极显著(P<0.01)。     

卵巢质量及培养条件对郏县红牛卵泡卵母细胞体外成熟的影响

利用屠宰场采集的郏县红牛卵巢,研究卵巢质量及培养条件对卵母细胞体外成熟的影响。结果表明:A类卵巢平均获得的卵母细胞数(2.0枚)明显低于B类卵巢获得的卵母细胞数(5.4枚),从A类卵巢上获得的卵母细胞成熟率(55.00%)、卵裂率(37.50%)显著或极显著低于B类卵巢上获得的卵母细胞成熟率(80.00%)(p<0.05)、卵裂率(60.17%)(p<0.01);将随机分成三组的卵母细胞分别培养20h(Ⅰ组)、24h(Ⅱ组)、28h(Ⅲ组),三组成熟率(77.77%、78.57%、74.43%)之间无显著差异(p>0.05),但卵裂率Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组(51.79%、58.16%)明显高于Ⅲ组(36.98%)(p<0.05),Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组差异不显著(p>0.05);以M-199为基础液,比较单独添加ECS和FCS与激素配合的情况下,两种血清种类对卵母细胞成熟的影响,结果表明卵母细胞成熟率(73.33%、75.00%)、卵裂率(52.21%、54.35%)均无显著差异(p>0.05)。     

卵泡颗粒细胞维持山羊卵母细胞减数分裂抑制状态的研究

通过在卵母细胞体外成熟过程中添加不同浓度的卵丘细胞或其外围壁层颗粒细胞进行共培养,对山羊卵母细胞成熟过程中卵泡颗粒细胞对卵母细胞减数分裂抑制作用及作用机制进行了探索.结果表明,成熟液中添加105和106个/mL卵丘细胞或外围壁层颗粒细胞的卵母细胞体外成熟率与对照组相比差异不显著(P>0.05),但添加5×106个/mL(41.2%)和107个/mL(24.6%)卵丘细胞或外围壁层颗粒细胞组的成熟率显著降低(P<0.05);添加5×106和107个/mL卵丘细胞组和颗粒细胞组卵丘不能正常扩展,卵母细胞核状态观察,停留在GV期;Rp-cAMP(Rp-cyclic adenosine monophosphothioate)膜渗透性cAMP对抗剂,诱导了107个/mL的卵丘细胞组(71.6%)和外围壁层颗粒细胞组(71.3%)的卵母细胞体外成熟率与对照组(72.O%)差异不显著(P>0.05).在山羊卵母细胞体外成熟过程中,添加一定浓度的卵丘细胞及其外层的颗粒细胞可以提高卵母细胞胞质内的cAMP的水平,抑制卵母细胞减数分裂的启动,使卵母细胞停留在GV期.     

激素对牛卵母细胞体外成熟的影响

研究了促卵泡素(FSH)、促黄体素(LH)和17 β雌二醇(17β-E2)分别使用时对牛卵母细胞体外成熟的作用.结果表明,这三种激素单独使用时,都具有促进牛卵母细胞体外成熟的能力.在低浓度范围内,随着激素浓度的上升成熟率也上升,FSH和LH在50μg/mL,17β-E2在20μg/mL浓度时达到最好成熟效果.     

环媒恒温基因扩增技术文献计量分析

摘要：通过环媒恒温的文献量、文献内容、文献作者分布等方面分析国内外环媒恒温基因扩增技术的研究现状及存在问题,揭示并预测环媒恒温基因扩增技术在基因检测中的特点和其研究趋势、发展方向,为环媒恒温科学研究及信息交流提供参考依据。     

促卵泡素与促黄体素对猪卵母细胞体外成熟的影响

探讨了促性腺激素(FSH、LH)对猪卵母细胞体外成熟的影响,最终找到了其合理的使用剂量。在成熟液中添加LH浓度分别为1,5,10 IU/mL时,与没有添加FSH与LH的对照组(15.9%)相比,成熟率有显著提高,成熟率分别为49.1%,30.0%,36.3%。LH浓度为1 IU/mL的实验组成熟率最高,显著高于对照组(p<0.05);然后以成熟液中只添加1 IU/mL LH为对照组,实验组分别添加1,5,10 IU/mL FSH。试验结果表明:添加FSH浓度为5和10 IU/mL时其成熟率分别为40.1%,27.6%,低于对照组(49.0%)。添加FSH浓度为1 IU/mL时其成熟率(49.1%)高于对照组(49.0%),但差异不显著。两组试验同时得出,随着LH与FSH添加浓度逐渐增加,成熟率呈下降趋势。通过本试验结果得出,在体外成熟培养猪卵母细胞时,各添加1 IU/mL LH与FSH时,得到最佳的成熟效果。     

哺乳动物卵母细胞成熟及调节机制

哺乳动物卵母细胞的成熟是一个复杂的生理生化过程,包括核成熟和胞质成熟。对卵母细胞研究发现,卵母细胞成熟后表现出一些特征性变化,可作为判断卵母细胞成熟的标志。进一步研究表明,卵母细胞的成熟过程受许多生化因子的调节。     

农业科研机构科技创新能力评价平台设计与实现

为给科研机构创新能力评价决策者提供一个科学、便捷的软件工具,研究立足系统科学和管理科学理论,分析了农业科技创新过程,构建了适合农业科研机构的指标评价体系和模型,并研发了基于多源数据的农业科技创新评价分析平台。然后利用该平台将评价指标体系应用于国家级农业科研机构的评价,并根据评价结果将科研机构划分为科技创新型、科学创新型、技术创新型、经营主导型、基础实力型、相对劣势型,并针对每种类型提出了相应的管理措施。     

CdCl2对牛卵母细胞体外成熟及凋亡的影响

利用不同浓度(0,0.8,1.6,2.4 μg/mL)的氯化镉(CdCl2)对处理牛卵母细胞前后对其成熟率、凋亡率、Ca2分布、线粒体膜电位、Bcl-2与Bax的基因表达的影响,初步为重金属对雌性哺乳动物生殖细胞发育及细胞凋亡机制的进一步研究打下基础.利用0,0.8,1.6,2.4 μg/mL的氯化镉(CdCl2)处理...     

消费型大都市蔬菜消费补贴效率研究——基于上海的实证分析

随着人们更加注重健康生活,蔬菜已经成为居民健康饮食必不可少的一部分,而对蔬菜给予补贴对保障蔬菜供给、稳定价格、保护农民利益、促进食品安全及发展现代农业等方面具有重要意义。因此本文利用2011-2015年上海市7个区蔬菜补贴数据,运用DEA和Malmquist指数测算发现：蔬菜补贴政策效率无效是由技术效率和规模效率无效造成的,其中规模效率无效是主要的原因;并且各区补贴规模与生产规模存在一定的不匹配现象;蔬菜补贴的Malmquist生产率年均降低13.5%,这主要因为技术水平的落后和规模补贴不合理造成的。据此提出各个地区应根据蔬菜产业发展实际情况,合理调整补贴规模等建议。     

新疆哈萨克牧民定居点牛羊养殖环境与投入品及畜产品质量安全性评价

本研究旨在分析新疆实施牧民定居工程中畜牧业生产方式的转变对畜产品安全性的影响,以期为健康养殖和优质安全畜产品生产奠定科学基础。以新疆阿勒泰和塔城地区的牧民定居点为试验点,现场调查并随机采取养殖环境中的土壤、地表水源、饲草料及牛羊肉样品,对土壤和水样中As、Pb、Hg、Cr、Cd等重金属进行检测;对饲草料和肉样中辛硫磷、溴氰菊酯、氰戊菊酯等农药残留,盐酸克伦特罗、莱克多巴胺等违禁添加剂进行检测;此外还对肉样的阿维菌素、伊维菌素、硝基呋喃类抗生素和四环素类抗生素等兽药残留进行检测。结果表明,新疆牧民定居点牛羊养殖环境符合健康养殖和畜产品生产的相关国家标准,但在养殖投入品环节中的种植饲草料中存在农药残留的隐患,但尚未对畜产品的质量安全造成影响,应尽早加以控制。总体而言,牧民定居后的生活和生产方式符合国家有关畜产品生产质量安全标准,牧民定居后的养殖模式有利于改善民生,草原生态环境保护及草地畜牧业可持续发展。     

灰黄霉素对水稻稻瘟病菌的防治效果研究

为研究灰黄霉素对水稻稻瘟病菌的抑制作用及其对稻瘟病的防治效果。采用对峙法测定产灰黄霉素的展青霉GM120-43对稻瘟病菌抑制作用、菌丝生长速率法测定灰黄霉素对稻瘟病菌的毒力试验以及盆栽防治稻瘟病试验。结果表明:展青霉GM120-43对稻瘟病菌具良好的抑制作用;在稻瘟病的防治中,灰黄霉素稀释300倍时,预防叶瘟病与穗瘟病的效果分别为93.76%和53.79%,治疗效果分别为89.2%和49.21%。在所试验的浓度范围内,灰黄霉素防治效果与其浓度成正比,是一种具有前景的生物农药。     

中国棉花生产中存在的主要问题及建议

摘要：2003—2007年完成了农业部连续5年的全国棉花质量安全普查工作,在三大主产棉区选取546个基点进行了棉花生产状况调查,同时抽取2201份棉花样品进行纤维质量检测,掌握了我国棉花生产的基本情况和质量状况,发现了一些固有的问题,并提出了几点改进建议。     

影响牛肉质量安全的主要食源性致病菌的危害性分析

食源性致病菌是引起食源性疾病的首要原因,会对人类健康造成极大危害,是食品安全的重大隐患。而肉类食品因营养丰富,富含微生物生长所需要的糖份、蛋白质和水分,所以极易感染食源性致病菌等微生物,进而使食源性致病菌通过食物链危及人类健康。本文综述了我国牛肉受食源性致病菌污染的现状,旨在通过了解食源性致病菌在牛肉中的污染情况来控制牛肉中的食源性致病菌,确保牛肉的质量安全。     

Quantitative trait locus analysis of wheat quality traits

Milling and baking quality traits in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) were studied by QTL analysis in the ITMI population, a set of 114 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) generated from a synthetic-hexaploid (W7985) × bread-wheat (Opata 85) cross. Grain from RILs grown in U.S., French, and Mexican wheat-growing regions was assayed for kernel-texture traits, protein concentration and quality, and dough strength and mixing traits. Only kernel-texture traits showed similar genetic control in all environments, with Opata ha alleles at the hardness locus Ha on chromosome arm 5DS increasing grain hardness, alkaline water retention capacity, and flour yield. Dough strength was most strongly influenced by Opata alleles at 5DS loci near or identical to Ha. Grain protein concentration was associated not with high-molecular-weight glutenin loci but most consistently with the Gli-D2 gliadin locus on chromosome arm 6DS. In Mexican-grown material, a 2DS locus near photoperiod-sensitivity gene Ppd1 accounted for 25% of variation in protein, with the ppd1-coupled allele associated with higher (1.1%) protein concentration. Mixogram traits showed most influence from chromosomal regions containing gliadin or low-molecular-weight glutenin loci on chromosome arms 1AS, 1BS, and 6DS, with the synthetic hexaploid contributing favorable alleles.Some RI lines showed quality values consistently superior to those of the parental material, suggesting the potential of further evaluating new combinations of alleles from diploid and tetraploid relatives, especially alleles of known storage proteins, for improvement of quality traits in wheat cultivars.Contribution number 06-77J from the Kansas Agricultural Experimental Station.     

QTL analysis of quality traits in the spring wheat cross RL4452 × 'AC Domain'

Wheat grain quality is a complex group of traits of tremendous importance to wheat producers, end‐users and breeders. Quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis studied the genetics of milling, mixograph, farinograph, baking, starch and noodle colour traits in the spring wheat population RL4452/‘AC Domain’. Forty‐seven traits were measured on the population and 99 QTLs were detected over 18 chromosomes for 41 quality traits. Forty‐four of these QTLs mapped to three major QTL clusters on chromosomes 1B, 4D, and 7D. Fourteen QTLs mapped near Glu‐B1, 20 QTLs mapped near a major plant height QTL on chromosome 4D, and 10 QTLs mapped near a major time to maturity QTL on chromosome 7D. Large QTLs were detected for grain and flour protein content, farinograph absorption, mixograph parameters, and dietary fibre on chromosome 2BS. QTLs for yellow alkaline noodle colour parameter L* mapped to chromosomes 5B and 5D, while the largest QTL for the b* parameter mapped to 7AL.     

Comparative yield component analysis in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Gossypium hirsutum</Emphasis> parents using fibre quality grouping

The usual practice of estimating association and direct and indirect effects among various traits in Gossypium hirsutum is with ungrouped genetic material based on staple length and strength. During 2003–2004 and 2004–2005 genotypic and phenotypic association among ten characters were estimated in G. hirsutum genotypes: (i) set-1: 10 genotypes of low fibre strength (≤196.2 mN/tex) and medium staple length (≤25.0 mm), (ii) set-2: 10 genotypes of high fibre strength (≥235.44 mN/tex) and long staple length (≥28 mm) and (iii) set-3: 20 genotypes of set-1 and 2. The differences in the estimates of associations, direct and indirect effects for different characters in fibre quality groups were examined. The complete analysis of variance for the characters under study viz; days to 50% flowering, plant height (cm), number of monopodial and sympodial branches per plant, seed cotton yield per plant (g), boll weight (g), total number of bolls per plant, lint %, 2.5% span length (mm) and fibre strength (mN/tex) indicated highly significant genotypic differences for genotypes, years and genotype × years interaction. Variation within medium staple length and low strength (set-1), high staple length and high strength genotypes (set-2) and their interaction with year were also significant. Medium staple length and low strength (set-1) versus high staple length and high strength component (set-2) was significant for all the traits indicating significant variability between the sets. A true relationship and direct selection were observed for days to 50% flowering, number of monopodial and sympodial branches per plant with seed cotton yield in the three sets suggesting that separation of genetic material based on staple length and fibre strength for improvement of seed cotton yield through these traits is not required. Magnitude and direction of direct effect and association with yield of the other traits; plant height, number of total bolls per plant, boll weight, lint %, staple length and fibre strength differed between the sets. This study concluded that more successful planning of a breeding programme can be made through path coefficient analysis if the genetic material is grouped based on staple length and fibre strength. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

闽西南黑兔的肉质分析研究

为了探讨福建地方家兔的肌肉肉质特性,对闽西南黑兔的肉质常规营养成分、氨基酸和脂肪酸进行测定。结果表明：闽西南黑兔的蛋白质含量比猪、牛、羊、鸡肉的蛋白质含量分别高出6.87%、4.56%、6.25%和3.95%。闽西南黑兔的总氨基酸为(15.21±1.29)%,必需氨基酸中赖氨酸含量最高,蛋氨酸含量最低。氨基酸评分(AAS)和化学评分(CS)表明：第一限制性氨基酸为蛋氨酸+半胱氨酸,第二限制性氨基酸为异亮氨酸和缬氨酸。