冬季蔬菜中有机磷农药残留状况分析

2016年冬季随机抽取湖北省主要蔬菜生产基地的蔬菜,共抽取177份蔬菜样品,采用气相色谱法,测定蔬菜中18种有机磷农药残留。结果表明,有机磷农药残留检出样品5份,检出率为2.8%,其中检出超标样品0份,合格率为100%;叶菜类蔬菜中有机磷农药残留检出率最高,其他类蔬菜无检出;有机磷农药残留检出全部为乐果农药。     

昭平县蔬菜农药残留例行检测结果调查分析

通过连续2a蔬菜农药残留例行检测结果,分析研究了昭平县蔬菜农药残留的状况和农药污染的主要原因,提出加强农药管理、大力推广蔬菜病虫害综合防治技术、规范和扩大无公害蔬菜生产基地建设、完善蔬菜农药残留检测和污染追溯制度等控制措施,切实加强蔬菜产前、产中和产后销售过程中的质量安全监督管理,确保市民吃上安全卫生的蔬菜。     

南宁市蔬菜农药残留监测分析

对南宁市各宾馆、饭店的蔬菜和蔬菜生产基地的即将采收上市的蔬菜进行农药残留监测 ,4 a共检测蔬菜样品17342个 ,超标样品 931个 ,超标率 5 .37%。各类蔬菜超标程度的高低依次为 :茄科类 >豆类 >叶菜类 >瓜果类 >根茎类。通过对检测数据进行统计 ,分析蔬菜农药残留与蔬菜品种 ,蔬菜种类 ,种植季节的关系和对宾馆、饭店和蔬菜生产基地的蔬菜农药残留进行比较 ,提出提高蔬菜质量安全的有关措施。     

太原市蔬菜有机磷农药残留抽样调查

通过对太原市4个蔬菜批发及零售市场6个品种共179个样品抽样检测，共查出含有机磷农药残留样品37个，检出率20.7%。其中叶菜类油菜、韭菜、生菜、甘菜的检出率分别为20.0%、22.2%、21.7%、36.4%；果菜类中番茄检出率为15.1%、黄瓜未检出，检出的有机磷农药包括对硫磷、甲基对硫磷、甲胺磷、甲拌磷、久效磷、马拉硫磷和乐果等，其中前5种禁止在蔬菜中使用。监测结果表明，太原市蔬菜中农药残留量问题较为严重，加强对蔬菜中农药残留量的监测和治理刻不容缓。     

东莞市黄江镇市售蔬菜农药残留状况分析

采用农药残留速测卡对东莞市黄江镇2006-2010年间不同季度市售的蔬菜进行有机磷和氨基甲酸酯类农药残留监测。主要抽样检测叶菜类、瓜果类、豆类三大类蔬菜44个品种共62 553份样品,结果表明:东莞市黄江镇市售蔬菜农药残留的质量安全状况总体良好,各类蔬菜的农药残留合格率均在97%以上,可安全食用。     

杭州地区基地蔬菜农药残留现状及监控措施

本文对杭州地区2004-2005年基地蔬菜农药残留检测结果进行了汇总分析,阐述了整个杭州地区包括杭州市区和各个县市的基地蔬菜农药残留现状,并对降低农药残留,提高农产品质量安全所采取的一些监控措施进行了总结,为今后基地蔬菜的生产用药提供参考。     

崇左市蔬菜农药残留演变及其原因分析

随着社会的发展和人们生活水平的不断提高,农产品质量安全已成为社会的热点。蔬菜作为人们生活中不可缺少的食物,其产品质量直接影响人们的身体健康和生命安全,农药残留问题引起了社会的广泛关注。为了解崇左市蔬菜农药残留的演变情况,通过统计分析了7a的有关资料,摸清了其变化的原因。     

山西省蔬菜中农药残留状况分析及管理建议

以气相色谱法作为检测手段,对山西省不同时期上市的不同种类蔬菜进行农药残留检测,发现其中茎类蔬菜的农药残留超标率高达18.6%,葱蒜类、绿叶菜类、块根类、茄果类等蔬菜也有不同程度的超标现象,其中禁用农药的使用是致使样品超标的主要原因.提出了加强农药管理的建议.     

武鸣县2003～2012年蔬菜农药残留检测结果分析

采用速测法对武鸣县2003～2012年间市售蔬菜进行有机磷和氨基甲酸酯农药残留监测.通过抽样检测66 556批次蔬菜样品,从不同时间、不同来源、不同种类等方面进行分析,对于加强县级农产品质量安全监管有一定的实用指导意义.     

樟树市蔬菜农药残留污染调查

用农药残毒检测仪测定了樟树市11种蔬菜275项样品中有机磷和氨基甲酸脂类农药残留情况,共检测275项,检出19项超标,超标率6.9%,结果表明我市蔬菜安全状况良好。     

对山西农药管理工作的认识与思考

规范农药市场,确保农药产品质量和科学合理使用,直接关系到农业生产安全、农产品质量安全和人民群众生命健康.因此,在全国上下普遍关注农产品质量安全、生态环境安全的大环境下,加强农药管理、规范农药市场秩序显得尤为重要.     

山西省蔬菜农药残留监测动态分析

为全面掌握山西省蔬菜农药残留状况,从2004年开始,山西省农产品质量安全检验监测中心对全省11个市的蔬菜生产基地、批发市场、农贸市场和超市进行了蔬菜农药残留抽样检测,至2007年底的4年间年累计检测蔬菜样品2 979个,根据国家标准判定,超标样品共计252个,年平均超标率8.4%.     

2010年湖北省农药投入状况分析

2010年湖北气候异常,春季持续低温,梅雨季节降雨超过20 d,农事季节普遍推迟7～10 d.部分地区连续遭遇区域性特大暴雨,引发水稻"两迁"害虫偏早迁入,田间虫量暴增等次生灾害."两迁"害虫在鄂西南发生较轻,在江汉平原及鄂西北主产稻区的大部分地区大发生;水稻二化螟、水稻纹枯病仍大发生,其他病虫害中等偏重发生.     

海南芒果中农药多残留分析

为掌握海南省芒果中农药的多残留情况及其对慢性膳食摄入风险的贡献大小,采集海南省主产区芒果样品178份,分别采用气相色谱及超高效液相色谱-串联质谱方法测定了样品中农药的残留情况,并计算了芒果中所检出农药对我国不同人群慢性膳食摄入风险的贡献份额(R).结果表明:甲氧基丙烯酸酯类和新烟碱类农药的残留检出率最高(＞80.00％...     

Variability of pesticide residues in crop units

The results of 89 new field trials and 11 supervised trials were considered, together with 91 sets of residue data evaluated earlier. The datasets consisted of 22,643 valid residue data. As all variability factors calculated from individual sample sets are affected by the uncertainties of sampling and analysis, the average of the P(0.975)/R(ave) (97.5th percentile of the residue population divided by the average residues in the lot) values gives the best estimate for the variability factor. The Harrell-Davis (H-D) method gave an average value of 2.89 for the variability factor for all samples, while the average variability factors obtained from samples derived from the new field and supervised trials were 2.8 and 2.7 with the IUPAC and H-D methods respectively. The number of residue values below the LOQ in a sample set significantly affects the observed variability factors. It was found that datasets containing over 20% non-quantifiable residues might not reflect the true variability of the residues. Mixing of treated and non-treated commodities may significantly increase the apparent variability. Consequently, only datasets of known origin and consisting of well-quantifiable residues should be used for estimation of the variability factor. Samples taken from marketed lots may not represent a single lot, and thus they have limited value in estimating the variability factor. The large number of residue data confirms the applicability of the default variability factor of 3 adopted by the FAO/WHO for deterministic estimation of the acute intake of pesticide residues.     

新型农药残留快速检测技术研究进展

农药残留检测关乎食品安全和人类健康问题。传统农药残留检测通常选择色谱法或色谱-质谱联用法等,具有准确、稳定等优势,但通常需要昂贵而复杂的大型仪器,样品前处理过程费时费力,对操作人员要求高。为了克服这些缺陷,一系列农药快速检测技术相继被开发出来。文章介绍了可用于农药残留快速检测的主要技术,包括生物传感器 (酶传感器、免疫传感器、适配体传感器、细胞传感器)、光谱技术 (近红外光谱、太赫兹时域光谱、拉曼光谱等) 与微流控技术,重点介绍了这些技术的原理、特点与最新研究进展,分析了目前农药快速检测技术存在的问题与未来的发展前景。     

Initial pesticide residues in relation to vapour pressure

Field tests, in which several insecticides were applied at equal rates by ground sprayer to oats, rye and alfalfa, showed that residues 1 h after application were much lower for highly volatile compounds than for those of lower volatility. Varying the distance from spray release to target canopy from 10 to 40 cm did not significantly affect the deposits. Results indicate that applying insecticides with a vapour pressure greater than about 10^?4 mmHg (20°C) in aqueous media is very inefficient.     

Foliar pesticide residues in relation to worker re-entry

Residues were determined at 8-h intervals during the 48 h after application of endosulfan, leptophos, methamidophos, methomyl and mevinphos to head lettuce; of endosulfan, methamidophos and methomyl to cauliflower; and of parathion to onions and carrots. Residues of phosalone and parathion were measured on apple leaves 0, 1, 2, 4, 8 and 16 days after application. In addition, the portion of the residue on apple leaves that could be dislodged was measured, as well as the residues on gloves used to handle the apple foliage. There were large differences in the rates of disappearance of the insecticides, differences that must be known in determining safe re-entry periods for workers.     

加工过程对大米中农药残留影响的荟萃分析

采用荟萃分析方法探讨加工过程对大米中农药残留的影响,获得的响应比可为膳食风险评估提供加工因子。通过对多个数据库进行文献检索、数据采集、荟萃分析计算,以获得不同加工方法对大米中农药残留影响的响应比及相关参数。结果表明:单一加工方法中,脱壳、碾磨、抛光、浸泡、清洗1次、清洗2次、清洗3次、普通蒸煮和高压蒸煮的响应比分别为0.376、0.310、0.212、0.518、0.450、0.338、0.162、0.356和0.144,其中脱壳、碾磨和抛光的响应比均小于0.4,可有效降低大米中的农药残留量;随着清洗次数增加,清洗对农药残留量的去除效果增强;高压蒸煮对降低农药残留量的效果最佳;而浸泡效果较差。组合加工方法的响应比与单一加工方法响应比的乘积基本一致。所获得的响应比作为加工因子用于食品安全风险评估中,可提升大米风险评估结果的准确性,并可为大米中农药最大残留限量标准的制定以及居民安全膳食引导提供参考。     

Leaf surfaces and the bioavailability of pesticide residues

Laboratory bioassays were carried out to determine the toxicity to Folsomia candida Willem (Collembola: Isotomidae) of residues of a pyrethroid insecticide, deltamethrin, and an organophosphorus insecticide, dimethoate, on different leaf surfaces. The test leaves included a range of species and leaves of different ages. Dose-response relationships were estimated for F candida walking over the various treated leaf substrates. Probit analysis was used to estimate the means and standard deviations of the associated tolerance distributions expressed as gAIha-1. Parallelism tests were undertaken to compare the susceptibilities of F candida to the two compounds applied to the different leaf surfaces. On deltamethrin-treated leaf surfaces, the LD50 values for F candida varied from 6.36 to 77.14 gAIha-1. F candida was least susceptible to deltamethrin residues when applied to leaves of dwarf bean (Phaseolus vulgarus L) and the highest susceptibility was observed following application to leaves of seedlings of barley (Hordeum vulgare L). In contrast, the LD50 values observed for dimethoate treatments did not differ significantly between leaf types, ranging from 1.35 to 8.69 gAIha-1. The laboratory data on susceptibility of F candida on different leaf types for different pesticides can be used to investigate the role of leaf surface properties in modifying the toxicity of applied pesticides to exposed invertebrates.