基于移动窗口法的苗二河流域森林景观格局分析

基于移动窗口法,对2014年苗二河流域森林景观格局进行分析。结果表明:非林地和有林地为优势地类景观,面积大,斑块形状较复杂,分布广泛;无立木林地为劣势地类景观,面积小,斑块形状较规则,分布比较集中;森林景观适宜景观粒度为150 m;森林景观适宜窗口尺度为900 m。基于粒度效应、面积信息损失精度和移动窗口法对苗二河流域森林景观格局的研究,可为优化流域森林景观提供参考。     

长白山林区重要树种更新的研究初报

长白山森林立地条件及落叶松的更新本报告系造林室编写,内容简介如下:1.根据长白山的森林景观(地质、地貌、土类、主要树种的分布)划分四个立地类型区。2.以土壤质地、水份条件及主要森林植物群落为标准,分为三个立地型群和十六个立地     

福建省森林景观类型及地理分布概述

福建省自然地理条件优越 ,生物多样性繁多 ,森林景观类型丰富。本文根据森林景观类型等级系统 ,将福建省森林景观划分为 10个森林景观组和 4 0多个森林景观型 ,概述了各类森林景观的不同特征及其地理分布状况 ,为全省森林旅游区划及合理改造和配置森林景观类型提供理论依据     

诸城市城镇森林景观格局及动态变化分析

在3S技术的支持下,应用景观生态学的理论和方法,借助景观空间格局指标定量分析了1991—2016年4期诸城市城镇森林景观格局及其动态变化。结果表明,诸城市城镇森林景观总面积呈先减少再增加的趋势,景观格局的破碎化程度加剧,景观多样性和分布均衡性均有所增加。5类城镇森林景观类型中,农田森林景观主要分布在诸城市西部、北部及中部平原地带;山丘森林景观大部分集中在诸城东南部丘陵地带,少部分在西部分布;居住区森林景观分布比较均匀;水系森林景观主要沿境内潍河水系、百尺河等分布;道路森林景观占比较少,呈线条状分布特征明显。1991—2016年间,水系森林景观破碎化程度有所缓解,其余景观类型破碎化程度加重;山丘森林景观与水系森林景观聚集度较高,但呈下降的趋势;道路森林景观与水系森林景观的连通性较好,且水系森林景观的连通性呈增加趋势,其余类型连通性均变差。本研究可以为城镇森林景观的分类、可视化操作及合理布局等提供有益的借鉴。     

基于GIS和RS技术的楚雄市景观格局研究

以2005年楚雄市影像图为基础数据,结合景观生态学的分类方法,应用RS、GIS技术,通过斑块、类型和景观三个水平上景观格局指数对分类后的楚雄市景观格局进行分析.结果表明:楚雄市的景观类型较分散,破碎度化程度较高.森林景观作为楚雄市景观的优势类型,分布较集中;城市景观和草地景观受人为干扰的程度较高,分布较分散;水域景观的分布较分散,并且破碎化程度较高;耕地景观的形状较复杂,在整个景观中具有重要的作用.     

秦岭森林景观研究现状与展望

阐述了秦岭森林景观研究的4个方面的内容,包括森林景观格局、秦岭森林景观生态评价及规划、边缘效应以及动态、森林景观层面多样性的研究。分析了秦岭森林景观研究存在的问题,并提出了秦岭森林景观未来研究方向和动态。     

腾冲县天然林景观格局垂直梯度分析

基于腾冲县1∶50 000数字化地形图和森林资源二类调查小班图层,利用Arcmap 10.0处理矢量数据、Fragstats 4.1计算景观格局指数、Excel进行数据统计和图表制作,将腾冲县天然林景观分为29个海拔带,选择景观面积、类型面积、面积比例和斑块丰富度4个景观格局指数对天然林景观的垂直梯度变化进行了分析。结果表明:景观面积随海拔梯度先增大后减小,中等海拔梯度天然林面积大,低海拔和高海拔梯度天然林面积小;不同海拔梯度天然林的主要森林类型不同,海拔2 900m以下和3 300 m以上变化较缓和,2 901~3 300 m范围内变化较剧烈;不同海拔梯度的优势森林类型不同,海拔1 400 m以下是云南松林,1 401~3 100 m是栎类林,3 101 m以上是竹林;不同森林类型的适宜分布海拔梯度不同;中等海拔梯度分布的森林类型较多,低海拔和高海拔分布的森林类型较少;海拔2 300 m以下的天然林受人为干扰比较严重。     

基于GIS的那坡县林地景观格局分析

运用ARCGIS软件的扩展模块Patch Analyst,以那坡县林地保护利用规划的基准年(2009)数据为基础数据,基于10个林地景观类型,计算其景观形状特征指数、景观破碎化指数、多样性指数;按优势树种将森林景观划分为14个景观,并计算其多样性指数。结果表明:景观形状指数特征表明林地景观的斑块边界褶皱程度不高,乔木林景观受人为活动干扰程度较小;景观破碎化特征表明乔木林景观在林地景观中占主导地位,其受人为干扰的程度较低;林地地类与森林景观类型的多样性与其最大多样性指数相差较大,说明各分类所占面积比例差距较明显。     

醴陵市官庄湖湿地公园森林景观格局分析

以醴陵市2014年二类资源调查的数据为基础,以维持研究区的水文条件以及生物多样性为目标,构建森林景观分类体系,对醴陵市官庄湖湿地公园的森林景观格局进行了分析。结果表明:研究区森林景观质量较高,作为涵养水源的优势景观类型:竹林景观、杉木林景观与阔叶林景观中的中龄林、成熟林共占整个景观面积的57.1%,森林景观涵养水源能力潜力大,涵养水源能力较弱的灌木林景观面积占比41.98%;景观类型面积越大,景观的破碎化程度越小,景观斑块面积分布不均匀程度增加;森林景观斑块形状较规则,受到的人为干扰较小。森林景观多样性随着景观细分而增强,但在二级景观类型中,森林景观面积比一级景观中更加不均匀。松类景观、灌木林景观、阔叶林景观、杉木林景观斑块之间的连通性最强,斑块聚集程度越高。     

森林声景观评价指标体系构建的探讨

借鉴国内外森林视觉景观评价和城市声景观评价的研究成果,归纳总结影响森林声景观的主要因素,在此基础上建立2级3类的森林声景观评价指标体系。通过计算森林声景观美学评价体系的11个指标的得分值和其权重之乘积,将其累加值定义为声景观美学指数。根据声景观美学指数的大小来衡量森林声景观优美程度。     

缙云山山地乡村景观组成对地表径流水质的影响

为探索山地乡村景观组成对地表径流水质的影响,以重庆市北碚区缙云山缙云村山地小流域为研究对象,基于土地利用分类,将其划分为若干汇水单元,从汇水单元角度探讨山地乡村景观的土地利用类型组成、景观格局特征与地表径流水质指标之间的关系。结果表明,研究区土地利用结构以林地为主,旱地、果园次之,空闲地所占面积比例较少;研究区山地乡村景观类型丰富,部分区域受到一定程度人为干扰,出现景观破碎化程度增加、连接度降低等景观问题;研究区不同土地利用类型面积占比与地表径流水质指标之间呈显著或极显著相关关系,其中旱地、果园、菜园、农村宅基地、坑塘水面面积占比与之呈正相关关系,林地（常绿阔叶林、针阔叶混交林、竹林面积）占比与之呈负相关关系;研究区不同汇水单元景观格局指数与地表径流水质指标之间呈显著或极显著相关关系,其中斑块密度、边缘密度、景观分割指数、多样性指数与之呈正相关关系,斑块平均面积、最大斑块指数、蔓延指数、斑块内聚指数与之呈负相关关系。     

基于森林资源二类调查数据的森林景观分类研究

以吉林省汪清林业局金沟岭林场为例 ,提出一种基于森林资源二类调查数据的景观要素分类方法。选取优势树种 (组 )、海拔、坡度、坡向和太阳辐射强度作为分类因子 ,在GIS技术支持下 ,按分类因子分割林场森林景观空间为 975 7个空间基本单元 ,建立起量化的、与植被和环境因子相关的森林景观空间基本单元数据库 ,在此基础上采用聚类分析方法把所有基本单元聚合为不同相似水平上的景观要素类型 ,结合生态特征和经营需要对聚类结果进行分析并最终确定了 7种景观要素类型 ,生成了景观要素类型斑块图。斑块特征和空间格局分析结果表明 :该林区森林景观中以小斑块要素比例最大 ,中、小斑块数占总斑块数的 90 %。针阔混交林具有最大的面积、平均斑块面积、斑块周长、最大生境面积和内部生境指数 ,是该地区受人为干扰相对较小、仍需要进行保护的景观要素类型。在森林经营中 ,应注意保护大型斑块的景观要素类型     

Study on Soil Moisture Distributing Characteristics of Artificial Forest in Mountainous Region

INTRODUCTION Soil is an important part in forest ecological system, which has positive significance for forest eco- environment effect. Soil moisture is an important factor in watershed water balance and hydrological cycle, which is one of the most active and influential factors in ecological system. With the appearance of SPAC (soil-plant-atmosphere continuum) conception, some basic conceptions and contents about soil moisture had been researched thoroughly (Li Hongjian, et al, 2003; W…     

帽儿山林场集水区森林景观格局特征的研究

本文以黑龙江省帽儿山林场为研究区域,采用ArcGISIO．0空间分析模块划分该地区集水区的森林,并通过Frag＋stats3．3对帽儿山林场集水区从斑块水平和斑块类型水平上景观格局进行分析。其中,景观格局指标包括：斑块面积、面积比、斑块数、斑块密度、形状指数、分维度等。研究结果表明：软阔混交林是帽儿山林场集水区主要的森林景观类型,是其森林资源的重要组成成分,其次是硬阔混交林,柞树林,白桦林等,景观资源丰富。该地区景观特征的研究为帽儿山集水区森林景观规划、森林景观生态系统优化提供了理论参考,对改善帽儿山集水区地区森林结构、更好地实现森林空间布局的优化配置和发挥森林的生态功能等方面具有重要意义。     

基于MapInfo的塞罕坝地区植被景观空间结构分析

运用景观生态学原理,借助M apInfo技术,选取斑块密度、边缘密度、景观多样性、景观优势度等指标,分析塞罕坝地区不同地貌下景观类型的空间分布和空间格局特征,深入探讨了森林景观的林分类型、起源和分布特点,结果显示塞罕坝山地的斑块密度、边缘密度、破碎度,分别都高于沙地和曼甸,但山地的景观多样性低于曼甸和沙地。森林景观以落叶针叶林面积最大,为38 306.7 hm2,其次是阔叶林和常绿针叶林,分别为16 470.5hm2,9 455.5hm2,灌木林和混交林面积最小。曼甸以落叶针叶林景观优势度最高,且多为落叶松人工纯林;山地以落叶针叶林和阔叶林景观优势度较高,其中,阔叶林多为天然次生林,树种以桦树为主;沙地以落叶针叶林和常绿针叶林优势度较高,其常绿针叶林多为人工樟子松纯林。     

Analysis of forest landscape dynamics based on Forest Landscape Restoration: a case study of Yong’an city,Fujian province,China

Forest landscape restoration (FLR) is a process that aims to regain ecological integrity and enhance human well-being in deforested or degraded forest landscapes. To ensure that restoration efforts are successful, the first step is to understand the dynamics of the forest landscape and the dominant forces responsible for its change. Taking Yong’an city, Fujian province in China as a case for study, this paper constructed a Markov model to predict the dynamics of the forest landscape based on sample-plot data of Continuous Forest Inventory at a county level. The study area was divided into eight landscape element types based on FLR, including approximated primary forest, secondary broad-leaved forest, secondary forest of Pinus massoniana, natural bamboo forest, planted forest, non-timber product forest, degraded forest land and non-forestry land. The analysis showed the following: (1) the extent of reforestation of planted forest, non-timber product forest and secondary forest of Pinus massoniana would be greater than that of deforestation of approximated primary forest, broad-leaved secondary forest and natural bamboo forest. Therefore, the total area covered by forest would increase steadily. (2) Conversely, conversion among different landscape element types would occur frequently and have high transition proportions. (3) Remarkable decrease of the extent of approximated primary forest, together with the conversion from degraded forest land to secondary forest, would probably result in the decline of forest volume. (4) Forest productivity in the meantime will not be maintained or enhanced because of the conversion from secondary forest to planted forest. These results suggest that the direct and underlying driving force of landscape dynamics should be understood and addressed in the upcoming studies for remnant approximated primary forest protection, secondary forest management and degraded forest land rehabilitation. The conclusion is that the Markov model can be used to analyze the forest landscape dynamics for FLR based on sample-plot survey data of Continuous Forest Inventory at a county level.     

辽东山区不同森林类型土壤改良效益分析

辽宁东部山区是辽宁省浑河、太子河等主要河流的发源地和集水区,为辽宁省中南部工农业生产和人民生活用水提供保障。通过对该地区柞树林、杂木林、落叶松林、红松林、油松林等5种主要森林类型的林下枯落物层积累、土壤的物理化学性质等方面进行比较分析,研究结果表明:阔叶林在土壤改良、涵养水源方面较针叶林好,因此,在辽东山区营林时应多营建阔叶林或针阔混交林。     

Spatial pattern analysis for quantification of landscape structure of Tadoba-Andhari Tiger Reserve,Central India

Landscape structure is often regarded as an important factor that governs the distribution and abundance of species.Therefore it is critical to understand the landscapes and their dynamics.Patterns of landscape elements strongly influence the ecological characteristics.This study was designed to document and map the current status of the tropical dry deciduous forest of the Tadoba-Andhari Tiger Reserve(TATR),Central India,(using IRS P6 LISS IV data)and to describe its landscape structure at three levels of organization viz.landscape,class,and patch.The study area was classified into 10 land cover classes that include 6vegetation classes.The landscape structure was analyzed using FRAGSTATS using 12 set of indices.The TATR landscapes have a total of2,307 patches with a mean patch size of 25.67 ha and patch density of 1.7patches per km2.Amongst all land cover classes,mixed bamboo forest is dominant—it occupied maximum area(77.99%)—while riparian forest is least represented(0.32%).Mixed forest has maximum number of patches among all vegetation classes.Results have shown that despite being dominant in the area,mixed bamboo forest has low patch density(0.25/100 ha).Dominance of mixed bamboo forest is attributed to large patch sizes and not to the number of patches.This study has focussed on the approach of integrating satellite forest classification and forest inventory data for studying forest landscape patterns.     

Using model scenarios to predict and evaluate forest-management impacts on soil base saturation at landscape level

Silviculture, forest conversion and technical tools of ecosystem management, such as forest liming, display their effects at the landscape level. Therefore their planning and control should take place at the same scale. The primary objective of this work was to assess soil chemical properties and their changes in relationship to ecosystem management, especially forest conversion and forest liming. We calculated scenario models, based on regression analysis, which allow such an examination in the context of understanding landscape processes which can be expected to operate in the sampling region. Stepwise multiple linear regression analysis was used to predict soil chemical attributes (base saturation, pH, C/N content and stock, exchangeable stocks of Ca and Mg) as indicators of site stability or off-site effects of forest ecosystems such as effects on clean drinking water from forested watersheds. Because of space limitations, in this paper only the modelling results of base saturation are presented. Base saturation was used as an integrative example for other soil chemical properties. The transformation of measurements to the regional scale, i.e., the regionalization, was calculated for the forested parts of two test regions in the Black Forest on the basis of measured chemical properties of 90–150 soil profiles per test region. The models have a spatial resolution of 50×50 m, which is a spatial scale relevant for forestry practice and forest management. Topographic variables (e.g., elevation, aspect, slope gradient, and slope length), the stratigraphic classification of the geologic substrate, stand characteristics from forest inventory data, and finally technical information about forest liming were the auxiliary variables (secondary site properties) that provided indirect information about base saturation and were available for the whole forested area of the test regions. Base saturation could be predicted with an accuracy of ~50–70% (in terms of the multiple R²) by using these properties as predictor variables in multiple linear regression analyses. The explained proportion of variance was unexpectedly high considering the high geomorphological heterogeneity of the two test regions. Based upon the regionalization models, it was possible to establish scenarios showing the landscape-related effects on base saturation that may be achieved by forest conversion towards a higher proportion of forests with broad-leaved mixed stands and by forest liming. These scenarios allow the interactions between several influencing factors and management strategies and the impacts on the target variable to be synoptically judged. Thus the presented regionalization models achieve the role of decision support tools for the planning of forest management at the landscape level. They allow an assessment of the environmental effects of forest management strategies in terms of site sustainability or preservation of water resources in forested catchments.     

富源县不同群落水土保持能力比较

文章采用建径流小区定位观测方法,对富源县云南松次生林、华山松人工林、针阔混交林、次生灌丛和荒草地等主要植物群落进行水土保持能力的观测。分析表明:富源县的降雨量主要集中于5～10月,雨季降雨量占全年的86.48%,且降雨量主要是10mm以上的降雨产生;不同群落地表径流量、土壤流失量和侵蚀降雨次数依次均为荒草地>次生灌丛>云南松次生林>华山松人工林>针阔混交林,说明森林植被类型中针阔混交林保土保水能力最强,其次是纯林,在低效林改造和生态建设工程中应大面积推广混交林的营建。