茶树黄金芽CsHIPP26.1蛋白螯合离子的筛选与鉴定

重金属相关异戊二烯化植物蛋白(HIPPs)由于其独特的重金属结合域和异戊二烯序列的结构特点,成为一类重要的金属分子伴侣.为鉴定茶树(Camellia sinensis)黄金芽CsHIPP26.1蛋白的螯合离子,将pET-32a-CsHIPP26.1重组质粒和空载体分别转入大肠杆菌BL21,在分别添加4 mol·L-1的...     

Salinity induced changes in photosynthetic pigment and antioxidant responses in Sesuvium portulacastrum

The production of leaf and root antioxidant changes when exposed to saline conditions were investigated in the perennial halophyte Sesuvium portulacastrum L. Plants were grown with a nonsterilized soil and sterilized soil with 50 and 100% of sterilized seawater on 25, 55 and 85 Days After Planting (DAP). The plants were harvested on 30th, 60th and 90th DAP and used for analyzing the photosynthetic pigments, antioxidant enzyme activities viz., Superoxide dismutase (SOD; EC1.15.1.1) Ascorbate peroxidase (APX, EC 1.11.1.11) and non enzymatic antioxidant contents like ascorbic acid, alpha-tocopherol, reduced glutathione were determined. Plants exposed to salinity, either alone (SSW) sterilized seawater/unsterilized soil (USS) along with higher pigments, antioxidative enzymes and Na+ ions response. This tendency was generally more marked in SSW/USS plants when compared to SSW/SS plants. The concentration of SSW/SS was negatively correlated with the antioxidative capacity of the plant, either enzymatic or non enzymatic and K+ ions. These data suggest that the enhancement of the antioxidative response is of crucial significance for S. portulacastrum plants growing under saline conditions.     

Treatment of potato processing wastewaters by activated carbon adsorption process

A laboratory study was conducted to determine the effects of degrees of pretreatment, types of activated carbons, dosages of activated carbons on the organic removal rates of potato processing wastewaters using the activated carbon adsorption process. Primary treated effluents, and secondary treated effluents using activated sludge and powdered activated carbon activated sludge processes were used as adsorbate in this study. Two types of activated carbon used consisted of granular activated carbon, Nuchar WV-L, and powdered activated carbon, Nuchar S-C, in dosages varied from 0.25 to 4 g per 50 ml of wastewater. Results indicated that activated sludge treatment removed 86–96% of COD from primary settled wastewaters. Activated sludge followed by activated carbon adsorption treatment removed 97% COD from primary settled wastewater with an effluent COD of 24 mg/1. Powdered activated carbon was more effective than granular activated carbon in removing COD from activated sludge treated effluents.     

元素缺乏和外加碳源对小球藻（Chlorella sp KMMCC FC-21）生长和油脂积累的影响

从海南本地水域分离得到一株高含油藻,通过18S rDNA鉴定其为Chlorella sp KMMCC FC-21。将其培养在高碳培养基HSM和低碳培养基BG11和SE以及它们相应氮元素、硫元素和磷元素缺乏的培养基中,研究上述三种元素缺乏对其生物量和油脂积累的影响。结果表明:氮元素和硫元素缺乏使其生物量大幅减少,但却能促进其油脂的积累,在高碳情况下其促进作用更加明显,而磷元素的缺乏只能小幅增加其含油量。在低碳硫元素缺乏的SE培养基中分别添加30 mmol/L乙酸钠和25 mmol/L葡萄糖时,其生物量分别提高了200%和160%,其油脂含量分别提高了120%和72.7%。在HSM、HSM-N、HSM-P和HSM-S培养基中细胞组分分析表明:氮元素、硫元素和磷元素缺乏促进其细胞内油脂积累的同时却使总糖和总蛋白的含量减少,此外也使叶绿素含量和光合效率降低。     

5种物理吸附剂对模拟废水中重金属的吸附效果

采用模拟重金属废水的正交试验设计,研究5种物理吸附剂对模拟废水中重金属的吸附效果,探讨pH、吸附剂加入量和振荡时间等因素对吸附效果的影响。结果表明,在一定pH、吸附剂加入量和振荡时间下,5种物理吸附剂对6种重金属（Pb、Cd、Mn、Zn、Cr、Ni）均有较好的吸附效果,其中活性炭对Pb、Ni和Cr的吸附率最大,木炭对Mn和Zn的吸附率最大,草木灰对Cd的吸附率最大。pH、吸附剂加入量和振荡时间对活性炭、草木灰和木炭吸附重金属效果（活性炭对Cd、Mn、Zn、Ni,木炭对Pb、Mn和Cd及草木灰对6种重金属）的影响为：pH〉吸附剂加入量〉振荡时间,说明pH与吸附剂加入量为主要影响因素。活性炭、木炭和草木灰对重金属废水的最佳吸附条件为：吸附剂加入量40 g.L-1,pH 10-10.5,振荡时间180 min。     

Enhanced productivity of a lutein-enriched novel acidophile microalga grown on urea

Coccomyxa acidophila is an extremophile eukaryotic microalga isolated from the Tinto River mining area in Huelva, Spain. Coccomyxa acidophila accumulates relevant amounts of β-carotene and lutein, well-known carotenoids with many biotechnological applications, especially in food and health-related industries. The acidic culture medium (pH < 2.5) that prevents outdoor cultivation from non-desired microorganism growth is one of the main advantages of acidophile microalgae production. Conversely, acidophile microalgae growth rates are usually very low compared to common microalgae growth rates. In this work, we show that mixotrophic cultivation on urea efficiently enhances growth and productivity of an acidophile microalga up to typical values for common microalgae, therefore approaching acidophile algal production towards suitable conditions for feasible outdoor production. Algal productivity and potential for carotenoid accumulation were analyzed as a function of the nitrogen source supplied. Several nitrogen conditions were assayed: nitrogen starvation, nitrate and/or nitrite, ammonia and urea. Among them, urea clearly led to the best cell growth (~4 × 10(8) cells/mL at the end of log phase). Ammonium led to the maximum chlorophyll and carotenoid content per volume unit (220 μg·mL(·1) and 35 μg·mL(·1), respectively). Interestingly, no significant differences in growth rates were found in cultures grown on urea as C and N source, with respect to those cultures grown on nitrate and CO(2) as nitrogen and carbon sources (control cultures). Lutein accumulated up to 3.55 mg·g(·1) in the mixotrophic cultures grown on urea. In addition, algal growth in a shaded culture revealed the first evidence for an active xanthophylls cycle operative in acidophile microalgae.     

2株高产蛋白微藻细胞代谢物的比较

以2株新近分离出来的链带藻(Desmodesmus sp. QL96和Desmodesmus sp. QJ74)为研究对象,检测胞内主要细胞代谢产物组成及含量变化,找出优势细胞代谢产物。收集相同时间间隔下培养的2株微藻,经过冻干、研磨、复溶,制备成细胞溶解液,再进行逐级萃取,分级检测每个萃取步骤中所得细胞代谢产物的含量。结果表明:在BG11培养基中生长30 d,链带藻Desmodesmus sp. QL96和Desmodesmus sp. QJ74的最高蛋白含量分别达到细胞干重的71.68%和62.14%,其他代谢产物,如碳水化合物、脂质和色素,在2株微藻中的含量都没有超过20%。对比其他微藻的文献报道,链带藻Desmodesmus sp. QL96是目前发现的蛋白含量最高的藻株,其蛋白的表达模式和蛋白相关产品的开发具有研究价值。     

Facile fabrication of PVAc-g-PVDF coating on surface modified cotton fabric for applications in oil/water separation and heavy metal ions removal

Selective separation is an effective method for the removal of heavy metal ions and waste oil from wastewater. Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) was functionalized with polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) by in-situ polymerization, and novel PVAc-g-PVDF coating on surface modified cotton fabric were prepared. The contact angle (CA), pure water flux (PWF) and self-cleaning ability of coated cotton fabric were investigated in detail. In addition, the separation performance of coated cotton fabric was reflected by the removal of heavy metal ions in simulated wastewater. The results revealed that the PVAc-g-PVDF-coated cotton fabric was free of waste oil adhesion and was self-cleaning from waste oil in aqueous environment. Meanwhile, this coated cotton fabric can effectively separate oil/water mixtures with a high flux and high oil rejection, and was easily recycled for long-term use. More importantly, the heavy metal ions rejection ratio and adsorption capacity of cotton fabric were also improved with the addition of PVAc-g-PVDF coating. PVAc-g-PVDF-coated cotton fabric exhibited excellent rejection stability and reuse performances after several times fouling and washing tests. It can be expected that the present work will provide insight into a scaled-up fabrication process of PVAc-g-PVDF coating for purifying wastewater.     

柚木离体快速繁殖技术

从优良柚木林段选取3~4a生优良单株,从中选取无病虫害的幼嫩侧芽,经表面消毒后接种到无菌培养基上,侧芽萌发率达70%~80%。切取新芽进行增殖,30~40d为一周期,增殖系数为2~3倍。当侧芽增殖到足够数量时,转移到生根培养基上,生根率超过80%~90%。植株移栽成活率达80%~90%。几个月后植株便可种植到大田。      

Assessment of the water quality of two rivers in Hanoi City and its suitability for irrigation water

The To Lich and Kim Nguu Rivers in Hanoi City are the main sources of irrigation water for suburban agricultural land and fish farm. Wastewater from the industrial plants located along these rivers has been discharged, and has degraded the water quality of the rivers. This study describes the chemical properties of water from the rivers, focusing on heavy metal pollution and the suitability of water quality for irrigation water. Water from the rivers was heavily polluted with organic matter and heavy metals such as Pb, Cu, Zn, Cr, Cd and Ni. Dissolved oxygen, chemical oxygen deman, and total suspended solids, and the concentrations of all heavy metals exceeded the Vietnamese standard for surface water quality in all investigated sites. The concentrations of some heavy metals such as Cu, Cd, Cr and Ni were above the internationally recommended WHO maximum level for irrigation water. A wide variation in the heavy metal concentration of water due to metal types is the result of wastewater discharged from different industrial sources.     

香蕉对砷镉铅的富集转运特征及土壤重金属安全阈值

建立土壤重金属安全阈值是保障我国农产品质量安全的一道重要屏障.本研究通过盆栽模拟实验研究香蕉对砷(As)、镉(Cd)、铅(Pb)3种重金属的富集转运特点,进一步通过建立香蕉茎叶与土壤As、Cd、Pb总量和有效态含量的关系,推导香蕉种植系统的土壤As、Cd、Pb的安全阈值.结果显示,Cd、Pb对香蕉生物量表现出"低促高抑...     

水稻镉吸收及其在各器官间转运积累的研究进展

随着土壤和大气沉降物中重金属污染的问题日益严峻,农作物重金属超标时有发生.土壤中的重金属难以降解,容易被植物根部吸收,在作物中积累;大气中的重金属沉降到叶片上,通过叶片吸收进入作物中,最终通过食物链被人类食用,危害人体健康.水稻是我国最重要的粮食作物,大米中存在镉超标问题.镉(Cd)是水稻的非必需元素,主要借助其他金属...     

有机无机肥配合施用对土壤——水稻系统重金属平衡和稻米重金属含量的影响

通过田间试验研究了有机无机肥配施对土壤 水稻系统重金属平衡的影响。试验设置化肥（T1）、化肥+低量有机肥（T2）、化肥+中量有机肥（T3）、化肥+高量有机肥（T4）等4个处理,各处理施肥量相等,重复4次。试验结果表明,在等养分条件下,不同施肥处理对水稻地上部及籽粒的干质量没有显著的影响;糙米镉含量有随有机肥配施比例提高而增加的趋势,中量和高量有机肥与化肥配施处理（T3和T4）糙米镉含量分别为020和0.19 mg/kg,已接近谷类污染的临界值0.2 mg/kg,存在一定的健康风险。不施有机肥和低量有机肥与化肥配合施用都会导致锌和铜的亏缺,适量有机肥与化肥配合施用可保持微量营养元素的平衡,也能有效降低重金属污染风险,是建立可持续农业的有效途径。     

The removal of heavy metals in aqueous solution by hydroxyapatite/cellulose composite

Hydroxyapatite has an excellent ion-exchangeability and is expected to be used as an agent for the removal of heavy metal ions in wastewater. However, the pure hydroxyapatite is very difficult to use because it exists in the form of white powder. Thus, the pure hydroxyapatite was mixed with cellulose to utilize its ion-exchangeability. In this research, a method for dispersion of hydroxyapatite in cellulose matrix is described and its dispersion is observed with scanning electron microscopy. The removal ratios of some heavy metal ions with hydroxyapatite composite are examined with regard to reaction time and amount of hydroxyapatite composite. The ion-exchangeability of hydroxyapatite composite did not seem to be interfered by cellulose matrix during removing heavy metal ions.     

Isolation and identification of a lipase producing Bacillus sp. from soil

Lipase production in an indigenous lipolytic Bacillus sp. was detected in media containing Tributyrin-Tween 80 and Rhodamine B-Olive oil. The statistical Taguchi model was used to predict the optimum experimental conditions for bacterial growth and lipase production. Partial optimization was carried out for selection of salt base, oil, glucose, NH4Cl and yeast extract concentrations, inoculum density, pH and agitation. Maximum lipase activity was detected in the cell free supernatants of cultures grown in a medium containing 10 g L(-1) yeast extract, 15 g L(-1) NH4Cl, 3 g L(-1) K2HPO4, 1 g L(-1) KH2PO4, 0.1 g L(-1) MgSO4 x 7H2O, 2 g L(-1) glucose, 0.6 mM MgCl2 and 15 ml L(-1) olive oil, pH 8.5 at 30 degrees C for 24 h and low agitation. The amount oflipase produced in the designed medium was in agreement with the predicted values by the statistical method. 16S rRNA cloning and sequencing identified the test organism as Bacillus pumilus.     

海南粗榧外植体灭菌与愈伤组织诱导

对海南粗榧茎段外植体灭菌和愈伤组织诱导实验研究表明,以海南粗榧温室扦插苗的嫩茎作为外植体,70％酒精1min,0．1％氯化汞溶液12min表面消毒处理效果最好;最适愈伤组织诱导培养基为MS＋0．5mg／LNAA＋0．5～1．0mg／LBA＋2．5～4．0mg／L2,4～D。     

Maintenance and growth ofHelminthosporium solani

We have found that by using water agar as an isolation medium, V-8 juice agar as a growth substrate, and sterilized rye grains as a storage medium we can: 1) produce copious amounts ofHelminthosporium solani conidia that were successfully used as inoculum and: 2) the sterilized rye grains could be used to maintain viable cultures of the five isolates ofH. solani used in this study for 16 months. All of the isolates were pathogenic on tubers of the potato cultivars Katahdin and Superior.     

Effect of nitrogenous amendments on the incidence of sclerotium wilt of potato

Summary The effects of nitrogen on the incidence of potato wilt caused bySclerotium rolfsii was tested on the highly susceptible cultivar Patronis grown in a greenhouse in earthen pots containing autoclaved sterilized soil artificially inoculated withS. rolfsii. Three levels, each of urea and mustard oil cak were applied at rates equivalent to 112, 140 and 168 kg N/ha 7 days after inoculating the soil and 5 days before planting the tubers. Both amendments reduced the incidence of sclerotium wilt but urea at the highest rate showed the highest reducing effect.     

一种简便分离香蕉枯萎病菌的选择性培养基

为探寻在非无菌操作下能从土壤中快速且大量分离检测香蕉枯萎病菌,研制了一种用于检测香蕉枯萎病病原菌的选择性培养基-PCEA,其成分为:马铃薯200 g,CuSO_4·5H_2O 0.5 g,MgSO_4·7H_2O 0.6 g,KH_2PO_4 0.1 g,敌克松结晶粉(75%)3 g,硫酸链霉素0.75 g,95%酒精10mL,水1 000mL,pH5.8,琼脂18～20g.该培养基与其它常见分离培养基相比,无需无菌操作,且成分简单、检测率显著,抑菌效果好,病菌在其上生长快、菌落典型,是一种较为理想的选择性培养基.