共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 78 毫秒
1.
配合饲料添加油脂既可提供必需的脂肪酸,又可提供热能。油脂所含的热能是碳水化合物和蛋白质的2倍多,因此油脂是高能饲料的主要原料。在90年代以来,我国饲料工业进入一个全价粉料和颗粒料的阶段。大多数饲料厂家除将微量元素、维生素、限制性氨基酸等添加到饲料中外,对添加油脂也已相当普遍。1 添加油脂的种类 主要有3种,一是将油脂直接加入混合机里进行混合;二是将油脂直接喷入调质器内进行混合;此2种方式油脂添加量一般<3%,过多则因其分散性差,不易混合均匀,而且会导致颗粒成品松散易碎,对油脂在高温高压制粒膨化过程中有无… 相似文献
2.
新型饲料添加剂─被护类脂物王汤臣,赵玉玲北京轻工业学院(100037)反刍动物的肉和奶类制品是人类食用蛋白质的重要来源,这类食品中除含蛋白质外,还含有较多的脂肪,其中饱和脂肪酸的含量较高,食用过多这类脂肪易导致心血管系统疾病。据统计,目前世界上心血管... 相似文献
3.
4.
5.
油脂在乌骨鸡日粮中的利用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
饲料脂肪在动物小肠内受到胆汁,胰脂肪酶和肠脂肪酶的作用,分解为甘油和脂肪酸,被肠壁直接吸收,沉积于动物体脂肪组织中变为体脂肪。每克脂肪氧化分解可择放出的能量是糖的2倍多,做为能源是储备糖原的9倍多。实践证明,畜禽饲料中如不含脂肪,就会发生营养缺乏症。饲料中的脂肪在畜体内转化为体脂肪比碳水化合物及蛋白质要容易得多,而且转化率也较高。因而在动物的日粮中添加脂肪就尤为重要。
油脂根据来源可分为植物油脂和动物油脂,前者中的不饱和脂肪酸含量大于饱和脂肪酸的含量,可不经氢化即直接转变为体脂肪,被动物消化吸收。因此在添加脂肪时应注意两者的搭配,或从经济的角度考虑单用植物性脂肪。 相似文献
6.
7.
鱼体组织中蛋白质一般占干重的65%-75%。饲料蛋白质在鱼类肠道中水解成氨基酸后被吸收,用来合成新组织及组织蛋白更新。因此,饲料中蛋白质含量不足或氨基酸不平衡,则鱼类生长很快就会减慢或停止,体重下降(Lee等,2001)。同时,饲料中过量的蛋白不但会增加成本,还会导致氨氮排放增加(Tibbetts等,2000),从而影... 相似文献
8.
9.
脂肪和L-肉碱对大口黑鲈饲料中蛋白质的节约作用 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3
本试验旨在探讨脂肪和L-肉碱对大口黑鲈饲料中蛋白质的节约作用.采用3 × 2(蛋白质脂肪比×L-肉碱)完全随机设计,配制了不同蛋白质脂肪比(39.9%/7.4%、30.3%/13.9%和21.5%/19.5%)和L-肉碱水平(0和1 g/kg饲料)的6种等能饲料.选取平均初重为(3.27±0.21)g的大口黑鲈幼鱼270尾,随机分为6组(每组3个重复,每个重复15尾),随机饲喂1种饲料,试验期6周.结果表明:随着饲料中脂肪水平从7.4%升高到19.5%(蛋白质水平从39.9%下降到21.5%),鲈鱼的增重率从685%显著降低到176%(P<0.05),饲料效率从1.15增加到2.33(P<0.05),且投喂蛋白质脂肪比为21.5%/19.5%饲料的鲈鱼的肥满度显著低于投喂蛋白质脂肪比为39.9%/7.4%和30.3%/13.9%饲料的鲈鱼(P<0.05).投喂蛋白质脂肪比为21.5%/19.5%饲料的鲈鱼体水分含量显著低于投喂蛋白质脂肪比为39.9%/7.4%的饲料(P<0.05),且随着饲料中脂肪水平从7.4%升高到19.5%(蛋白质水平从39.9%下降到21.5%).全鱼脂肪含量从5.6%显著升高到11.5%(P<0.05),全鱼粗蛋白质含量从15.6%显著下降到10.4%(P<0.05).鱼体肝脏和肌肉中脂肪含量以及肝体指数在投喂蛋白质脂肪比为21.5%/19.5%饲料时达到最高值.此外,随着饲料中脂肪水平从7.4%升高到19.5%(蛋白质水平从39.9%下降到21.5%),淋巴细胞百分比由38.30%升高到48.41%(P<0.05),粒细胞百分比由51.75%下降到42.14%(P<0.05).由此得出,以节约蛋白质为目的的过量添加脂肪会导致鱼体生长速度降低,甚至引起脂肪肝的发生和机体免疫系统的应激反应.此外,饲料中添加1 g/kg的L-肉碱并不能提高大口黑鲈的生长性能,但蛋白质脂肪比和L-肉碱对淋巴细胞百分比和粒细胞百分比存在互作作用,并在饲喂添加1 g/kg L-肉碱的蛋白质脂肪比为21.5%/19.5%的饲料时达到峰值. 相似文献
10.
刘淑新!枣强县流常中心粮站院内 《今日畜牧兽医》2001,(1)
误区一:片面追求饲料高营养,造成各营养要素间的失衡1.追求高蛋白有些专业户在禽正常饲料中加入蛋白质含量高的物质如鱼粉、奶粉、蚕蛹等,由于雏禽肾代谢功能还不很完善,使机体产生的大量尿酸盐不能顺利排出而沉积于内脏器官或关节表面,引起痛风。如鱼粉超过10%,甚至更高。2.追求高脂肪一些专业户在正常饲料中加入过多的动植物油脂,使饲料中脂肪含量过高,造成脂肪肝综合症、腹水症等。3.过量补充钙有些专业户怕鸡缺钙产软壳蛋,故盲目补钙,有的用多喂贝壳粉的办法补钙,有时料中贝壳粉的含量高达8%以上,结果使鸡消… 相似文献
11.
12.
13.
Beran GW 《Preventive veterinary medicine》2008,86(3-4):198-207
When early people made their appearance, zoonotic infectious diseases were already waiting, but epidemic diseases did not appear in human history until people began to live in large numbers under conditions of close contact, mainly during the last 10,000 years. Disease has decimated urban populations, conquered armies, and disrupted society. The focus here is on (1) the plague of Athens and the Black Death; (2) smallpox, influenza, and rabies; (3) avian influenza prion diseases, and foot & mouth disease; and (4) emerging and re-emerging diseases. All have veterinary public health associations. In Athens, Greece, in 430 BC, when the Spartans ravaged the countryside, hordes crowded into Athens so that orderly movements, space in which to live, and adequate supplies of food became impossible. Crowding of any population fosters disease transmission; chaos and disorder enhance it all the more. Out of northern Egypt came a terrible plague from across the Mediterranean Sea. The identity of the plague of Athens remains unsure, but the well-considered conclusion is Rift Valley Fever, a mosquito borne, viral zoonosis. The Black Death, also called the Plague, raged in Asia for centuries. In 1347, the Black Death was brought by a ship out of Asia to Sicily. The scenes of devastation were repeated throughout Europe, with 90% or more of the people dying in city after city. Influenza, too, has been a cause of periodic human epidemics, but the great pandemic of influenza occurred in the last months of World War I. In the years of highest occurrence, more than half the world's population became clinically infected. If veterinary public health had been born earlier, it could have led to elucidating the epidemiology of influenza and the plagues of Athens, Europe, and Asia. In turn, smallpox had also caused continual tragedy. In 1796, Edward Jenner began to harvest pustules of cowpox from children or infected cows and inject them into susceptible children. In 1980, the World Health Organization declared that smallpox had been eliminated from the world. Rabies, though, still strikes terror. A number of animal diseases, broadly termed emerging and re-emerging diseases, need surveillance because they have the potential to impact human health. From late in 2003 to 2007, the highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza virus in poultry infected at least 121 people and caused 62 deaths in four countries. The prion diseases, too, all have very high numbers in concentrated contacts. To control these diseases, veterinary public health is essential, with diagnosis, epidemiological surveillance, clinical manifestations, and prevention as primary measures. 相似文献
14.
Dekker A Dercksen D Snoep J van Wuyjckhuise L 《Tijdschrift voor diergeneeskunde》2007,132(18):695-701
On 26th of july 2007 a new case of bluetongue was notified in the Netherlands and on 2nd of august 2007 foot-and-mouth disease was diagnosed in Surrey, England, which raised the threat of having both infections simultaniously in one area. Bluetongue and foot-and-mouth disease have a different pathogenesis, but symptoms may resemble each other at a later stage of infection. The pathogenesis and possible clinical symptoms of both infections are discussed and illustrated with pictures. 相似文献
15.
16.
在动物的异常行为中以刻板行为最为常见,而咽气癖又是马最常见的口部刻板行为之一。作者就咽气癖在生理方面和心智方面对马体产生的影响、行为基础、诱因的研究进展及常见的防治措施进行综述。 相似文献
17.
18.
19.