人工常规养殖鹌鹑动脉粥样硬化的发病规律

鹌鹑是复制动脉粥样硬化常用的模型动物。为了进一步完善鹌鹑模型和深入研究动脉粥样硬化,本试验动态检查不同日龄鹌鹑血管壁、血脂、蛋黄胆固醇等指标,揭示人工常规养殖条件下,鹌鹑动脉粥样硬化发病规律。结果显示,随着鹌鹑日龄的增加,鹌鹑血清中TC、TG、LDL-C均有增加的趋势,而HDL-C随日龄的增加而降低;动脉切片HE和弹力纤维染色可见开产期、产蛋高峰期动脉血管结构正常。淘汰期动脉血管结构异常,出现动脉粥样硬化病变。结果表明,随着日龄的增加,人工常规养殖鹌鹑动脉粥样硬化有逐渐加重的趋势,提示利用鹌鹑复制动脉粥样硬化模型时要根据造模需要合理选择不同日龄的鹌鹑。     

姜黄素可减缓热应激鹌鹑的氧化应激

姜黄素为从姜黄根中提取的一种天然多酚,具有抗氧化和抗炎性。土耳其菲拉特大学的科研人员研究姜黄素对热应激鹌鹑氧化应激的减缓作用。180只10日龄鹌鹑分为两个处理组,每天分别在22℃(热平衡)和34℃(热应激)环境中8h,直至42日龄。每组鹌鹑分别饲喂基础日粮及在基础日粮中添加200mg/kg和400mg/kg姜黄素的日粮,同时设10个重复,每个重复3只鹌鹑。结果显示,随着姜黄素的添加,鹌鹑的累积     

刺梨汁对家兔实验性高脂血症和动脉粥样硬化的影响

为刺梨汁用于防治人高脂血症和动脉粥样硬化（ＡＳ）提供实验依据，观察了口服刺梨汁对家兔实验性高脂血症和ＡＳ形成的影响。结果表明：与造型组比较，刺梨汁组家兔血清总胆固醇（ＴＣ）含量显著降低（Ｐ＜０．０５），主动脉ＡＳ斑块的面积和厚度显著减少（Ｐ＜０．０５），冠状动脉ＡＳ病变也有所减轻。     

刺五加对鹌鹑生长性能的影响

选用健康、体重均匀的1日龄鹌鹑120只,随机分成4组,每组设3个重复,每个重复10只鹌鹑。其中空白对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组在基础日粮中分别添加刺五加0.2%、0.4%和0.6%,试验期35 d。结果表明:与对照组相比,0.2%的刺五加添加量能显著提高鹌鹑的日增重(P0.05),显著降低料重比(P0.05),对鹌鹑的成活率无显著影响性。     

植酸酶对鹌鹑生产性能影响的研究

选用 7 500只 80日龄的中国白羽鹌鹑随机分为 3组，试验组Ⅰ、Ⅱ日粮中分别添加 400g/t、 700g/t的植酸酶以替代 40％、 70％的骨粉，观测植酸酶对鹌鹑生产性能的影响。结果表明：植酸酶替代骨粉可以提高鹌鹑的生产性能，试验组Ⅰ、Ⅱ与对照组比较产蛋率和饲料报酬分别提高 4.48％、 3.66％和 19.10％、 23.40％，差异显著（ P 0.05)　经济效益分别提高19.17％,23.60％.     

姜黄素固体分散体对肉鸡血脂和抗氧化能力的影响

试验研究姜黄素固体分散体对肉仔鸡抗氧化作用的影响。试验选用450只健康1日龄商品AA雏鸡随机分为5组,每组3个重复,每个重复30只,试验期42 d。正常对照组饲喂基础日粮,姜黄素低剂量、高剂量组饲喂基础日粮加80、150 mg/kg姜黄素,姜黄素固体分散体低剂量、高剂量组饲喂基础日粮加80、150 mg/kg姜黄素固体分散体,试验结果表明,日粮中添加姜黄素固体分散体可降低肉鸡血脂水平,提高肉鸡的抗氧化能力。     

鹌鹑饮用磁化水对生长发育性能影响观察

将800只法国巨型肉用鹌鹑幼鹑随机分为四组,每组200只,分别饮自来水,1000Oe、2000Oe 和3000Oe 的磁化水.对三周龄体重、六周龄体重、全期耗料、死亡率、性成熟和早期产蛋性能进行了观察分析。结果表明:磁化水对鹌鹑的增重、性成熟和早期产蛋性能均有一定的效应,尤以后者显著,能使性成熟提前2～4天,使产蛋率提高5.51～23.25%,而其它指标与对照组差异不显著。文中还对影响磁化水生物效应的一些因素,如性别、生理阶段,磁场强度等,进行了讨论。     

甘露寡糖对肉鹑肠长度及肠道菌群的影响

选取240只1日龄肉鹑随机分成4组,每组设4个重复,每个重复15只肉鹑。其中第1组为对照组,饲喂基础日粮,第2~4组为试验组,在基础日粮中分别添加0.5%、1.0%2、.0%的甘露寡糖(MOS)。进行为期50日龄的饲养,分别于35日龄和50日龄采样。试验结果表明,1.0%和2.0%MOS可显著增加35日龄肉鹑小肠长度和十二指肠长度(P<0.05)。1.0%和2.0%MOS组35日龄肉鹑空肠长度和回肠长度显著长于对照组和0.5%MOS组(P<0.05)。各处理组35 d肉鹑空回比均高于对照组,但未达到统计学差异水平(P>0.05)。日粮中添加MOS对50日龄肉鹑肠长度的影响无明显规律,各处理组之间无显著差异(P>0.05)。日粮添加0.5%、1.0%2、.0%MOS可显著降低35日龄和50日龄肉鹑回肠内大肠杆菌的数量(P<0.05),随着日粮MOS添加量的增加,回肠内大肠杆菌数量逐渐下降,且1.0%和2.0%MOS添加组回肠内大肠杆菌数量显著低于0.5%MOS添加组(P<0.05)。日粮添加0.5%、1.0%、2.0%MOS可显著提高35日龄和50日龄肉鹑回肠内乳酸杆菌的数量(P<0.05),随着日粮MOS添加量的增加,回肠内乳酸杆菌数量逐渐升高,且2.0%MOS添加组35日龄肉鹑回肠内乳酸杆菌数量显著高于0.5%MOS添加组(P<0.05)。     

日粮月见草籽对鹌鹑蛋黄中脂肪酸的作用

通过饲养试验,在基础日粮中分别添加0%、8%1、0%、12%、15%的月见草籽(磨碎),研究不同添加量对鹌鹑蛋黄中脂肪酸的影响。选用150羽健康1日龄鹌鹑随机分成5组,每组设3个重复,每个重复10羽鹌鹑进行为期50 d的饲养。结果显示:添加月见草籽可明显增加鹌鹑蛋黄中不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)的含量(P<0.05),尤其是C18:2的含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。蛋黄中ω-6含量和日粮中月见草籽添加量之间呈现出显著的相关关系(P<0.05),其关系可用一次回归式Y=3.688 7 X+42.038(r=0.958 9)来表示。     

发芽大麦在鹌鹑上的营养价值评估

文章旨在评估发芽大麦作为饲料原料对鹌鹑产蛋性能、蛋品质、繁殖性能和血液生化指标的影响。试验选择72只产蛋期日本鹌鹑,饲养在12个阶梯式笼中(每笼6只,2只雄性和4只雌性),随机分到3组,对照组饲喂基础日粮(自由采食),处理1组饲喂基础日粮+新鲜发芽大麦(自由采食),处理2组饲喂基础日粮(限饲,对照组采食量的85%)+新鲜发芽大麦(自由采食),试验共开展11周。结果显示,处理1组的产蛋率显著高于对照组和处理2组(P<0.05),处理2组的日均采食量、平均蛋重均显著低于对照组和处理1组(P<0.05)。与对照组和处理2相比,处理1组受精率显著提高(P<0.05),处理2组较对照组和处理1组显著降低了鹌鹑蛋孵化率(P<0.05)。与对照组和处理2组相比,处理1组输卵管长度显著提高(P<0.05)。处理1组肌胃和睾丸相对重量显著高于对照组(P<0.05),但发芽大麦处理组较对照组显著提高了卵巢和泄殖腔相对重量(P<0.05)。处理2组较其他两组显著降低了鹌鹑的末重(P<0.05)。与对照组和处理1组相比,处理2组显著降低了血糖水平(P<0.05),发芽大麦处理组较对照组显著降低了血浆白蛋白浓度(P<0.05)。综上所述,采用新鲜发芽大麦饲喂日本鹌鹑可显著提高产蛋率、肌胃和睾丸相对重量、受精率和孵化率,但不影响蛋品质指标和血液生化指标。日粮限饲添加发芽大麦对鹌鹑采食量无促进作用,发芽大麦的摄入量不能完全替代限饲导致的营养物质摄入量减少,最终导致产蛋率、受精率和孵化率降低。     

Effect of follicle-stimulating hormone on ZPC protein secretion by quail granulosa layer

In avian species, ZPC, a glycoprotein of the inner layer of the vitelline membrane, is synthesized in the granulosa cells of developing follicles. We have previously reported that follicle‐stimulating hormone (FSH) is one of the factors that stimulate ZPC production in quails. In the present study, we examined the effect of FSH on ZPC secretion, and the mode of ZPC secretion from pieces of granulosa layer. Western blot analysis demonstrated that, in the absence of FSH, the intensity of ZPC bands in the medium faded after 6 h of incubation. The addition of FSH caused an increase in intensity of ZPC bands when incubated for more than 6 h. The ZPC secretion during the first 6 h of incubation was depressed by the addition of either cycloheximide or actinomycin D. These results show that the ZPC found in the medium during short‐term incubation is newly synthesized protein and is secreted from the granulosa cells by the constitutive secretory pathway.     

鹌鹑原始生殖细胞的分离及冷冻

以酶分解法消化孵化了5.5d的鹌鹑性腺得到鹌鹑PGCs,比较了3种不同酶消化时间所得的细胞数量;采用2种不同的冷冻方法冻存鹌鹑PGCs。结果表明：消化15min对于鹌鹑PGCs的分离最佳,而2种冷冻程序所得的活细胞数量差异不显著。     

Dietary lutein and fish oil interact to alter atherosclerotic lesions in a Japanese quail model of atherosclerosis

Interactions between concentration of dietary lutein and fish oil in diets on atherosclerosis incidences were studied in a cholesterol-induced-atherosclerosis (CIA) model. CIA Japanese quail were fed a basal diet with three amounts of lutein (0, 25 and 50 mg/kg diet) and two amounts of fish oil (3% and 6%) in a 3 × 2 factorial in five replications. Samples were collected at 24 and 27 weeks of age. Atherosclerosis lesions in the dorsal aorta were measured by histochemistry sectioning. At 27 weeks of age, increasing dietary fish oil content to 6% decreased (p < 0.01) the atherosclerotic lesions only in the 0 mg lutein supplemented groups. At 27 weeks of age, increasing dietary fish oil content to 6% increased the atherosclerotic lesion score when lutein was supplemented at either 25 or 50 mg/kg feed. Aorta and liver lutein content increased (p < 0.01) with increasing dietary lutein content at 27 weeks of age. Increasing dietary fish oil content to 6% increased (p < 0.01) the aorta fat content by twofold and decreased (p < 0.01) the liver fat by 26% at 27 weeks of age. Increasing the dietary fish oil content to 6% increased (p = 0.01) the total PUFA and decreased (p = 0.03) the total mono unsaturated fatty acids content of the aorta at 27 weeks of age. At 27 weeks of age, increasing dietary fish oil content to 6% decreased the amount of TBARS (p = 0.01) and IL-1 mRNA (p < 0.01) only in the 0 mg lutein supplemented groups. Increasing dietary fish oil content to 6% increased the amount of TBARS and IL-1 mRNA of the aorta when lutein was supplemented at either 25 or 50 mg/kg diet. Dietary lutein supplementation decreased atherosclerosis lesions only at low levels of dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids.     

河南省鹌鹑隐孢子虫病的流行病学调查

为进一步掌握河南省鹌鹑隐孢子虫病的流行状况,于2006年9月至2007年8月对河南省鹌鹑养殖量较大的5个地市47个鹌鹑养殖场（户）进行了调查。共采集1818份粪样,经饱和蔗糖溶液漂浮法和改良抗酸染色法检查,隐孢子虫感染率为13．15％（239／1818）。根据形态学特征,将分离到的2种隐孢子虫鉴定为贝氏隐孢子虫和火鸡隐孢子虫。调查结果表明,河南省不同品种鹌鹑之间隐孢子虫的感染率差异不显著,但鹌鹑隐孢子虫的感染率具有一定的地区、季节及年龄差异。     

姜黄素对乳腺炎模型小鼠细胞免疫的影响

探讨姜黄素(curcumin)对致病性金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus,S.aureus)所诱导的乳腺炎模型小鼠血液中T淋巴细胞亚群及脾脏中NK细胞活性的影响。构建小鼠乳腺炎模型,分别通过流式细胞术、ELISA法、MTT法和平板计数法检测空白对照组、模型组、阳性对照组、姜黄素组及姜黄乳炎散组血液中CD4^+T、CD8^+T活性和血清中IL-1、IL-2、IL-10的水平,脾脏中NK细胞活性及S.aureus数量的变化差异来监测各组药物抗炎效果。结果显示,相比于模型组,姜黄素组、姜黄乳炎散组和阳性对照组可显著增加乳腺炎小鼠血清中IL-2、IL-10的水平以及脾脏中NK细胞和血液中CD4^+T的活性,显著降低小鼠血清中IL-1的水平以及血液中CD8^+T活性(P<0.05),以姜黄素组效果最佳。结果表明,姜黄素对小鼠乳腺炎具有保护作用,并且姜黄素对S.aureus所诱导的小鼠乳腺炎的抗炎机制可能通过抑制IL-1和CD8^+T水平,增强IL-10、NK、CD4^+T和减少S.aureus的数量而发挥作用。姜黄素可能成为潜在的乳房炎治疗药物。     

Effects of ultraviolet-B radiation on immunity and carcass characteristics in quail

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of UV-B radiation on immunity and carcass characteristics in quail. Three hundred Korean quail at 3 d old were weighed and randomly allocated into 5 groups (i.e., 30 males and 30 females per group), including 1 control group and 4 experiment groups (UV-1, UV-2, UV-3, and UV-4). Quail were subjected to UV-B irradiation with different doses: 0 µW/cm² (control), 1.4 µW/cm² (UV-1), 2.8 µW/cm² (UV-2), 5.6 (UV-3), and 8.4 µW/cm² (UV-4) each day. At 38 d of age, 15 males and 15 females in each group were randomly selected to measure immune index concentrations and carcass characteristics. The mean serum IgG, IgA, and alexin C₄ concentrations of UV-1 quail were significantly improved, whereas UV-3 and UV-4 quail had better live weight and carcass characteristics. Taking into account immunity and carcass characteristics together, we conclude that the optimum dose of UV radiation for Korean quail is 1.4 µW/cm² each day. Moreover, female quail had better carcass characteristics than males in most indices of carcass characteristics.