氧化锌矿制备饲料级氧化锌的工艺研究

本试验研究了以氧化锌矿为原料，经酸浸、净化、沉锌、过滤、洗涤、干燥得到中间产物碱式碳酸锌，碱式碳酸锌经煅烧制备饲料级氧化锌的新工艺。重点考察了制备工艺中酸浸、除杂条件以及煅烧温度和时间对产品质量的影响。该研究属全湿法制备饲料级氧化锌新工艺，具有原料价廉易得、适应性强、生产成本低等优势，制备的产品质量可达到HG／T2792—1996饲料级氧化锌一级产品标准，该法充分利用了低品位的锌资源，具有较好的应用前景。     

氧化锌矿制备饲料级氧化锌的工艺研究

研究了以氧化锌矿为原料，经酸浸、净化、沉锌、过滤、洗涤、干燥制得中间产物碱式碳酸锌，碱式碳酸锌经煅烧制备饲料级氧化锌的、新工艺。重点考察了制备工艺：中酸浸、除杂条件以及煅烧温度和时间对产品质量的影响。该研究属全湿法制备饲料级氧化锌新工艺，具有原料价廉易得、适应性强、生产成本低等优势，制备的产品质量可达到HG／T2792—1996饲料级氧化锌一级品标准，该法充分利用了低品位的锌资源具有较好的应用前景。     

氧化锌矿制备饲料级氧化锌新工艺研究

研究以氧化锌矿为原料,经酸浸、净化、沉淀转化、过滤、洗涤和干燥制得中间产物碱式碳酸锌,碱式碳酸锌是经煅烧制备饲料级氧化锌的新工艺。重点考察制备工艺中酸浸、除杂条件及煅烧温度和时间对产品质量的影响。这项研究属全湿法制备饲料级氧化锌新工艺,具有原料价廉易得、适应性强和生产成本低等优势,产品质量可达到HG／T2792—1996饲料级氧化锌一级品标准,成功运用于某厂生产装置,取得了良好的经济效益。该法充分利用低品位的锌资源,具有较好的应用前景。     

饲料级氧化锌检测方法的研究

采用冶金产品化学分析方法中氧化锌（直接法）化学分析方法－－亚铁氰化钾容量法测定饲料级氧化锌，并以碳酸钙为拟掺杂物分析钙成分对该分析方法的影响。实验表明该方法平均回收率99.91%，标准差＝0.19%，碳酸钙不干扰氧化锌的准确测定；同时将该分析方法与GB8251－87饲料级硫酸锌的EDTA－二甲酚橙测定法对饲料级氧化锌进行对比实验，表明该检测方法同样准确，但更快速、简便，可作为饲料级氧化锌的检测方法。     

新型饲料添加剂——碱式氯化锌的合成及性质研究

以氯化锌和氧化锌为原料,合成了一种新型饲料添加剂——碱式氯化锌[Zn5(OH)8Cl2·H2O,TBZC]。采用正交试验法,研究了反应温度、反应时间、反应液pH值、干燥温度对TBZC合成的影响,确定了最佳合成条件:氯化锌和氧化锌摩尔比1:4、反应液pH值5.5、反应温度90℃、反应时间2.5h、干燥温度80℃、干燥时间2h,产率可达88%。借助XRD、IR、DSC确定其结构。通过对TBZC的吸水性、溶解性进行试验,结果表明,TBZC具有不吸湿、不溶于水、易溶于酸性和中性盐溶液的性质。     

超声辅助水相合成甘氨酸锌螯合物

试验以甘氨酸和碱式碳酸锌为原料,在超声辐射作用下水相合成甘氨酸锌螯合物,探讨了原料物质的量比、反应温度、超声辐射时间、超声辐射功率等因素对产品收率的影响.结果表明,超声辅助水相合成甘氨酸锌螯合物的较佳工艺条件为:甘氨酸和碱式碳酸锌物质的量比为4∶1,超声作用时间为4h,温度为80 ℃,超声波功率为120W.在此条件下,产品收率达95％以上.     

科学施用化肥

<正> 铵态氮肥与碱性肥料混用:按态氮肥如碳酸氢铵、硫酸铵、硝酸铵、磷酸铵等与碱性肥料如钙镁磷肥、草木灰、石灰混合使用后,二者会发生化学反应产生氨气挥发掉,造成氮肥损失,降低肥效。碳酸氢铵浅施或撒施:碳酸氢铵极不稳定,在常温下易分解。试验表明,碳酸氢铵在75℃时3天可分解20%以上,32℃时暴露15天几乎全部挥发掉。因此,碳酸     

纳米氧化锌抑菌机理及影响因素研究进展

纳米氧化锌收敛、抗菌、抑菌效果优于普通氧化锌。文章从接触机制、锌离子溶出和自由基机制3个方面综述纳米氧化锌的抑菌机理,对不同合成方法及饲料中常见拮抗因子、协同因子引起纳米氧化锌效果差异进行总结,对后续纳米氧化锌与协同因子联用进行展望,以期为纳米氧化锌在饲料中的应用提供参考。     

《饲料和饲料添加剂管理条例》释义（续）

三、产品批准文号 本条第2款规定,生产饲料添加剂和添加剂预混合饲料的企业在取得生产许可证后,还要向省级饲料管理部门申请产品批准文号,没有批准文号的饲料添加剂和添加剂预混合饲料产品不准销售。目前,我国药品、食品、化妆品、兽药等已执行了批准文号制度。 按照规定,企业应当向省级饲料管理部门提出申请。企业提出申请时,应当同时提交相关资料和样品:产品批准文号申请表,生产许可证复印件,三个批次的产品样品,配方和生产工艺,产品质量标准及检验方法,标签和产品使用说明书样稿,送检样品的自检报告,饲喂效果报告。申请新饲料添加剂、新添加剂预混合饲料产品批准文号还应当提供农业     

纳米氧化锌对断奶仔猪生长性能及血液生化指标的影响

试验选择长太(长白♂×太湖♀)断奶仔猪24头,随机分为4个处理,分别饲喂含100 mg/kg硫酸锌、100 mg/kg和1 500 mg/kg纳米氧化锌、2 000 mg/kg 饲料级氧化锌的日粮,研究纳米氧化锌对断奶仔猪生产性能及血液生化指标的影响.结果表明:纳米氧化锌可显著提高断奶仔猪日增重和采食量;100 mg/kg纳米氧化锌的促生长效果优于100 mg/kg硫酸锌,1 500 mg/kg 纳米氧化锌的促生长效果优于2 000 mg/kg饲料级氧化锌.     

饲料添加剂富马酸锌制备新工艺的研究

实验以次氧化锌为原料,经铵浸、除铁、深度除杂、结晶、合成等工序制备饲料添加剂富马酸锌(ZnC4H2O4)。研究结果表明最佳浸出条件为:NH4Cl浓度为4 mol/l,NH4Cl与Zn的物质的量比为4:1,浸出温度为70℃,浸出时间为60 min时,Zn的浸出率高达99%以上;采用双氧水氧化除铁和锌粉置换可基本去除其它杂质元素,同时对所得产品进行了化学成分、XRD、TG-DSC分析验证,结果证明该工艺可制备出纯度较高的富马酸锌。     

降锌禁抗背景下断奶仔猪抗腹泻锌源的选择

长期以来药理剂量(2 250 mg Zn/kg以上)氧化锌被广泛应用于缓解、预防断奶仔猪腹泻和促进生长。但长期高剂量添加对仔猪生长造成不良影响,国家农业农村部公告2625号对可添加的最高锌水平进行下调,并对饲料抗生素逐步实行全面禁止,在此背景下亟须挖掘和开发高效替代产品。文章从氧化锌的作用机理出发,对不同产品类型氧化锌及碱式氯化锌优劣势进行介绍,重点对具有推广应用优势的碱式氯化锌作为抗腹泻锌源在断奶仔猪生产中的应用进行综述,为进一步在断奶仔猪生产中合理运用锌源提供参考依据。     

饲料添加剂碱式氯化锌合成新工艺探索及研究

该试验采用氨氯化铵浸出法浸取次氧化锌,制备饲料添加剂碱式氯化锌(ZnCl₂·4Zn(OH)₂·H₂O)。研究结果表明,在浸出条件为氨与铵根摩尔比为1∶1、总氮与锌摩尔比为10∶1、温度为313 K、时间为60 min时,Zn的浸出率达90%以上。同时,对合成产品进行了主含量、XRD、SEM分析,结果显示产品各项指标均符合GB/T 22546-2008要求。试验还表明该工艺具有方法新颖、流程简单、成本低、安全、高效、环保等特点,从根本上实现了废物资源化的利用,同时还可以生产出质量合格、稳定的新型饲料添加剂碱式氯化锌。     

Effects of dietary substitution of zinc‐methionine for inorganic zinc sources on growth performance,tissue zinc accumulation and some blood parameters in broiler chicks

This study was designed to evaluate the effects of dietary inclusion of zinc‐methionine (ZnMet) as a replacement for conventional inorganic zinc sources on performance, tissue zinc accumulation and some plasma indices in broiler chicks. A total of 450‐day‐old Ross male broiler chicks were randomly assigned to five pen replicates of nine experimental diets. Dietary treatments consisted of two basal diets supplemented with 40 mg/kg added Zn as feed‐grade Zn sulphate or Zn oxide in which, Zn was replaced with that supplied from ZnMet complex by 25, 50, 75 or 100%. At 42 days of age, three randomly selected birds from each pen were bled to measure plasma metabolites; then, the chicks were slaughtered to evaluate carcass characteristics. Results showed that dietary treatments affected (p < 0.05) feed intake during the starter period, and chicks on Zn oxide diets consumed more feed than sulphate counterparts. Furthermore, dietary substitution of inorganic Zn sources by ZnMet caused improvements (p < 0.01) in body weight gain during all experimental periods. Dietary supplementation of ZnMet improved feed conversion efficiency during 1–21 and 1–42, but not in 21–42 days of age. Complete replacement of inorganic Zn by that supplied from ZnMet caused an increase (p < 0.05) in relative liver weight. Similarly, dietary inclusion of ZnMet increased breast meat and carcass yields and reduced abdominal fat percentage (p < 0.05). Incremental levels of ZnMet increased (p < 0.05) zinc concentrations in liver and thymus, and the highest zinc accumulations were seen in 100% ZnMet‐supplemented birds. Interestingly, introduction of ZnMet into the diets partially in place of inorganic sources resulted in decreases (p < 0.01) in plasma uric acid and triglycerides concentrations. The present findings indicated that dietary ZnMet inclusion in replacement of inorganic sources in addition to improving growth performance, reduced plasma uric acid and triglycerides concentrations, consequently decreased abdominal fat pad and increased carcass meat yield.     

Effects of zinc levels on activities of gastrointestinal enzymes in growing rats

The present study investigated the effect of different zinc (Zn) levels on activities of gastrointestinal digestive enzymes of growing rats. Four diets including Zn‐adequate (ZA; 46 mg/kg, control), Zn‐deficient (ZD; 3 mg/kg), high Zn supply (ZH; 234 mg/kg) and pair‐fed in which animals received the ZA diet at restricted amounts reflecting feed intake of the ZD group were fed to rats for 5 weeks. Dietary Zn was supplemented with ZnO. The results showed that Zn deficiency resulted in decreases in body weight, while ZH supply stimulated growth. The activities of sucrase, lactase and lipase were unaffected by dietary Zn levels. Maltase activity, however, was reduced in ZD group and elevated in ZH group. Amylase and protease activities were depressed by zinc deficiency. However, rats fed the Zn‐repletion diet displayed higher activity of pepsin, pancreatic amylase and protease. In particular, ZH supply did have no effect on intestinal hydrolases activities. The present study suggested that zinc deficiency impaired the activities of digestive enzymes and growth of animals. However, ZH supply might improve the digestion of nutrients via increasing activities of gastrointestinal hydrolase and probably enhanced animal health.     

Growth performance,tissue precipitation,metallothionein and cytokine transcript expression and economics in response to different dietary zinc sources in growing rabbits

The impact of different dietary zinc sources on the growth, serum metabolites, tissue zinc content, economics and relative expression of cytokine and metallothionein genes was evaluated in this study. A total of 120 35-day-old male New Zealand White (NZW) rabbits were randomly distributed into four dietary experimental groups with 10 replicates per group and 3 animals per replicate. The control group was fed basal diet with a Zn-free vitamin–mineral premix; the other three groups received control basal diet supplemented with 50 mg/kg level with zinc oxide (ZnO; as inorganic source), Zn-methionine (Zn-Met; as organic source) and zinc oxide nanoparticles (nano-ZnO). The results indicated that Zn-Met and nano-ZnO groups significantly improved body weight, daily weight gain (DWG), feed conversion ratio (FCR) and nutrient digestibility, as well as decreased mortality, compared to ZnO and control groups. Zn-Met and nano-ZnO significantly reduced serum total cholesterol but did not affect serum proteins and liver function. Nano-ZnO supplemented group also recorded the highest value of serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP), insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1) and lysozymes compared to other groups. Nano-ZnO supplementation had increased hepatic Zn and Cu content and decreased faecal Zn content. Also nano-ZnO group recorded higher expression levels of genes encoding for metallothionein I and metallothionein II, interleukin-2 and interferon-γ in the liver of rabbits. The findings of this study demonstrated zinc nanoparticles, and organic zinc supplementation had improved growth performance and health status of growing rabbits than inorganic zinc oxide.     

Effect of pectin oligosaccharides and zinc chelate on growth performance,zinc status,antioxidant ability,intestinal morphology and short‐chain fatty acids in broilers

A 42‐day trial was conducted to investigate the effect of pectin oligosaccharides (POS) and zinc chelate (Zn‐POS) on growth performance, antioxidant ability, zinc status, intestinal morphology and short‐chain fatty acids in broilers. A total of 324 1‐day‐old Arbor Acres broilers were randomly assigned to three treatments with six cages of 18 chicks. Treatments were: (a) Control, 80 mg/kg Zn from ZnSO₄; (b) POS, 80 mg/kg Zn from ZnSO₄ + 482 mg/kg POS (the same amount of POS as treatment 3); and (c) Zn‐POS, 80 mg/kg zinc from Zn‐POS. Compared to the Control, both POS and Zn‐POS supplementation increased average daily gain and reduced the mortality during day 22–42, and only Zn‐POS supplementation decreased the ratio of feed to gain during day 22–42 and 1–42. Moreover, both POS and Zn‐POS supplementation improved Zn status and gut function as evidenced by increased metallothionein concentrations in the pancreas, villus height in the duodenum and isobutyrate concentrations in the caecal digesta. Additionally, Zn‐POS supplementation increased gene expressions of metallothionein, Zn transporter 1, Zn transporter 2 in the pancreas, nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2 in the liver, the concentrations of acetate, propionate, butyrate and total SCFA in the caecal digesta and the villus height to crypt depth ratio in the duodenum and jejunum, whereas decreased the crypt depth in these two tissues. Altogether, our results revealed that dietary POS or Zn‐POS supplementation benefited growth performance, Zn status, antioxidant ability and gut function of broilers. Supplementing Zn‐POS in the form of chelate was more effective than feeding POS or ZnSO₄ separately.     

不同锌源对肉用仔鸡早期生长及免疫的影响

试验选用 1日龄Avine肉用仔鸡 75羽 ,随机分成 3组 ,每组设 5个重复 ,每重复 5羽。 1组饲喂玉米—豆粕基础日粮作为对照 ;2、 3组日粮中分别加入硫酸锌、蛋氨酸锌 40mg/kg (以锌计 )。测定试验鸡生长性能及部分免疫学指标 ,以研究不同锌源对仔鸡早期生长和免疫的影响。结果表明 ,基础日粮中添加蛋氨酸锌和硫酸锌均能有效提高仔鸡生长和改善饲料效率 ;蛋氨酸锌组效果优于硫酸锌组。添加锌能提高胫骨、胰脏中锌含量 ;蛋氨酸锌组锌增加幅度高于硫酸锌组。血清锌含量及血清AKP活性三组间无显著差异 (P >0 0 5)。添加锌对仔鸡 7日龄ANAE+ 有一定影响 (P >0 0 5) ;不同锌源对仔鸡ND抗体滴度、免疫器官指数、补体C3均无明显差异 (P >0 0 5)。     

Nanosize of zinc oxide and the effects on zinc digestibility,growth performances,immune response and serum parameters of weanling piglets

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation of nanosize zinc on zinc digestibility, growth performances, immune response and serum parameters of weanling piglets. Ninety‐six LYD weanling piglets were assigned to control, zinc oxide (ZnO), organic‐Zn (Zn‐methionine) and nanosize ZnO (nano‐Zn) groups with four replicates. The zinc was at the 120 mg/kg level in the treatment group's diet, while the control group's was 80 mg/kg Zn. The experiment results indicated that the nano‐Zn and organic‐Zn groups had significantly higher Zn digestibility compared to the ZnO and control groups. For the immune response traits, the IgG level and goat red blood cells (GRBC) antibody titer were nano‐Zn and organic‐Zn>ZnO>control; in the phytohemagglutinin (PHA) challenge test result, nano‐Zn>organic‐Zn>ZnO>control; in regard to the γ‐globulin level, nano‐Zn and organic‐Zn>ZnO and control, with significant difference between groups. In the serum parameters aspect, serum Zn concentration in nano‐Zn and organic‐Zn groups were higher than in the ZnO and control groups, serum growth hormone concentration was increased in the nano‐Zn group than in the other groups. In conclusion, nanosize zinc oxide for dietary supplementation can increase zinc digestibility, serum growth hormone levels and carbonic anhydrase activity and enhance the immune response of weanling piglets.     

断奶仔猪日粮高剂量氧化锌的替代技术研究进展

氧化锌是断奶仔猪阶段饲料中防止腹泻的常用饲料添加剂,但是它的使用会造成环境污染。农业农村部也逐渐开始对氧化锌在养猪生产中的使用加以限制。此次研究从氧化锌的抗腹泻机理、不同的锌源和改变氧化锌的生物活性、氧化锌来源、植物乳杆菌、植物精油、水解单宁(HT)和氧化锌联合使用、猪免疫球蛋白G(pplgG)等方面进行综述,探讨其替代思路,以期为断奶仔猪高剂量氧化锌替代提供参考。