凡纳滨对虾血细胞蛋白制备及其双向电泳体系的建立

为建立凡纳滨对虾血细胞蛋白质的双向电泳体系,实验将凡纳滨对虾血细胞蛋白质提取后,用双向电泳技术(2-DE)分离蛋白质,分别对蛋白质样品的制备方法、不同pH值范围IPG胶条、上样量等关键因素进行了探索和优化。结果显示,采用裂解液裂解-10%TCA/丙酮沉淀法制备蛋白质样品,使用17 cm pH值5~8的IPG胶条进行第一向等电聚焦电泳,第二向SDS-PAGE电泳采用浓度为12.5%的凝胶进行,上样量为每胶条200μg蛋白,第二向电泳后的凝胶采用硝酸银染色,扫描得到的凡纳滨对虾血细胞蛋白质双向电泳图谱蛋白质分离程度好、蛋白点清晰、分辨率高、横纹少等优点。文章建立并优化了凡纳滨对虾血细胞蛋白质组学的双向电泳技术体系,为进一步开展对虾等甲壳动物的蛋白质组学研究奠定了基础。研究表明,该双向电泳体系适用于凡纳滨对虾血细胞蛋白质的分离,可用于后续凡纳滨对虾血细胞蛋白质组学的研究。     

滩羊羊毛蛋白质双向电泳图谱体系的建立及优化

为建立宁夏滩羊羊毛蛋白质双向电泳体系,比较分析了滩羊羊毛蛋白质不同上样量、不同pH值范围的IPG胶条以及聚焦参数对羊毛蛋白质双向电泳的影响。结果表明:使用TCA/丙酮沉淀法对羊毛蛋白进行处理,上样量600μg,选择pH值为4~7的IPG胶条,聚焦时间90 000 Vhr,12%SDS-PAGE凝胶进行双向电泳,经考马斯亮蓝染色,用Images-Scanner扫描,所得到的滩羊羊毛较清晰的2-DE图谱较好,为后续滩羊羊毛的差异蛋白质组学研究建立了条件。     

细毛羊皮肤组织中毛囊蛋白质2-DE图谱的建立与初步分析

本研究以不同纤维直径的细毛羊皮肤组织中的毛囊作为试验材料,利用不同的提取方法、不同pH范围的IPG胶条以及不同的上样量,探索适用于细毛羊皮肤组织的双向电泳体系,建立细毛羊皮肤组织毛囊的2-DE凝胶图谱.凝胶图谱用ImageMaster 2D Platinum软件自动检测蛋白点比较不同纤维直径的细毛羊差异蛋白.结果显示,TCA/丙酮抽提法最适合细毛羊毛囊组织总蛋白质的提取.上样量为100 μL,选择18 cm、pH 4~7的线性IPG胶条,得到质量较好的双向凝胶电泳图谱,有35个蛋白差异点,为后续优质细毛羊的蛋白质组学研究工作奠定基础.     

高致病性猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒蛋白质组双向电泳方法的建立及优化

为建立高致病性猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(HP-PRRSV)蛋白质组双向电泳方法,本研究通过对HP-PRRSV蛋白样品提取、裂解、一向等电聚程序、上样量、染色试剂、显色时间等条件优化,建立了有效的HP-PRRSV蛋白质组学双向电泳方法。优化结果表明采用冻融-超声-裂解提取样品,结合2-D clean-up试剂盒纯化蛋白,按上样量为200μg,采用硝酸银染色,显色6 min,选择适宜的一向等电聚焦参数,能获得分辨率高、重复性好的双向电泳图谱。HP-PRRSV蛋白质组双向电泳方法的建立,为开展该病毒蛋白质组和免疫蛋白质组研究奠定了基础。     

雏鸡法氏囊蛋白质组学双向电泳技术的建立及其初步分析

为了建立并优化鸡法氏囊蛋白质组学的双向电泳技术体系,以不同日龄雏鸡的法氏囊组织为研究对象,用固相pH梯度胶条进行等电聚焦、SDS-PAGE垂直电泳,采用不同的样品制备方法,对上样量、水化、等电聚焦、胶条平衡和凝胶染色方法等进行一系列优化,并应用PDQuest8.0.1软件对图谱进行初步分析.结果显示法氏囊组织在pH 5～8范围、17 cm的2-DE胶上可以得到很好的分离,胶体考染后经PDQuest软件分析,在正常法氏囊组织可检测到800个以上蛋白点,不同2-DE图谱间蛋白点平均匹配率为83.5%,不同日龄雏鸡法氏囊存在有明显表达差异的蛋白质点37个,其中表达上调蛋白点17个,表达下调蛋白点11个,新增蛋白点5个,消失蛋白点4个,试验建立的鸡法氏囊组织蛋白质组双向电泳技术为法氏囊发育进化及其免疫功能的研究提供了新技术和方法.     

角蛋白5基因在内蒙古绒山羊皮肤毛囊发育周期中的表达模式分析

为揭示角蛋白5(Keratin 5)基因与内蒙古绒山羊皮肤毛囊发育周期的关联作用,实验采用RT-q PCR和West-blotting方法,从m RNA水平和蛋白质水平探索周岁母羊体侧部皮肤组织一年12个月毛囊发育周期中Keratin 5表达量的变化。结果表明:Keratin 5在皮肤毛囊发育周期中的表达量在m RNA水平和蛋白质水平上均有明显差异,在10月皮肤毛囊发育兴盛期表达量显著增高(P0.05),在3月毛囊发育休止期表达量显著降低(P0.05)。结果显示,Keratin 5与绒山羊皮肤毛囊发育周期有关联作用。     

双向电泳分析鸡羽髓蛋白组学方法的建立

为建立双向电泳方法研究鸡羽髓蛋白组学,以进一步了解病毒与宿主相互作用的新机制,从SPF鸡羽根挤出羽髓,提取其中蛋白进行双向电泳,并对不同裂解液、IPG胶条pH值范围、一向等电聚焦条件、二向SDS-PAGE凝胶浓度等影响因素进行优化.结果显示,采用17cm,pH 5～8 1PG胶条,400μg羽髓蛋白进行的双向电泳,图谱用PDQuest8.0.1分析,可分辨的蛋白点约为700左右,不同样本间的匹配率大于80%.可见,本研究建立的双向电泳方法分辨率及重复性均较高.     

鹅肝脏蛋白质提取与双向电泳分离技术研究

利用TCA-丙酮沉淀一裂解液溶解法提取朗德鹅肝脏蛋白质,然后采用常规双向电泳技术对提取的蛋白质进行分离,利用PDQuest软件分析电泳图谱,统计蛋白质点及比较凝胶重复性.试验得到(712±15)个蛋白质点,蛋白主要集中在pI 4.0～7.0和43.0～97.4 ku,重复胶的匹配点数为694个,蛋白质点匹配率为96％,蛋白量的相关系数为0.875.本研究建立了朗德鹅肝脏蛋白双向电泳技术,双向电泳图谱中蛋白位点的分辨率和重复性较高,为进一步研究其蛋白质组学奠定了基础.     

绵羊精浆蛋白质组2-DE图谱的构建及初步分析

本研究比较了丙酮沉淀法制备蛋白质不同上样量对绵羊精浆蛋白质二维电泳图谱的影响。结果显示,精浆总蛋白经SDS-PAGE电泳,得到分子质量在14.4~116 ku的28条蛋白质条带。二维电泳图经PDQuest 8.0分析,上样量为0.8、1.0、1.2 mg时检测出的蛋白质点分别为207±10、281±13和374±16个,分子质量基本分布在20~80 ku、等电点为4~9的区域内,随着上样量的增加,分子质量在20~80 ku的蛋白质点明显增多,但每个分子质量区间的蛋白质点所占的比率较为恒定。研究结果表明,采丙酮沉淀制备精浆蛋白结合合适的上样量能够建立绵羊精浆全蛋白质图谱,为进一步研究绵羊精浆蛋白质组学奠定基础。     

内蒙古白绒山羊蛋白质谱鉴定

为了建立内蒙古白绒山羊主要组织蛋白质表达谱,并通过生物信息学分析鉴定,构建山羊蛋白质组数据库。采用液相色谱串联质谱方法分析内蒙古白绒山羊18个组织的总蛋白,共鉴定出2 788种蛋白质,其中高可信度蛋白质1 889种,得到蛋白质表达谱中的蛋白质表达量排序。本试验首次构建了内蒙古白绒山羊全身主要组织蛋白质表达谱,为山羊蛋白质组学研究提供基础数据。     

白牦牛卵泡液蛋白质组2-DE图谱的构建

分别用10％、12％、14％的SD＆PAGE胶分离蛋白质,比较不同浓度胶对白牦牛卵泡液蛋白双向电泳分离效果的影响;分别用丙酮沉淀法、热的SDS法和直接溶解法制备样品,比较不同制备方法对白牦牛卵泡液蛋白双向电泳分离效果的影响。结果表明,不同浓度胶对蛋白分离效果影响较大;丙酮沉淀法、热的SDS法和直接溶解法获得的蛋白点数分别为364±36、290±19和374±30个。对于白牦牛卵泡液蛋白来说,将其直接溶解后,用12％的胶可以得到较理想的2～DE图谱。     

Seminal Plasma Composition from Ejaculates Collected by Artificial Vagina and Electroejaculation in Guirra Ram

This study was conducted to evaluate changes in ram seminal plasma composition from ejaculates obtained using artificial vagina (AV) and electroejaculation (EE). To address this question, we assessed the effect of semen collection method on volume, sperm concentration, sodium concentration, potassium concentration, sodium/potassium ratio, total protein content and protein profile using sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and 2-D polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The main findings from this study were: (i) similar volume was obtained, while sperm concentration was significantly lower for EE method; (ii) potassium and sodium/potassium concentration ratio were not influenced by recovery method, while sodium concentration increased significantly when semen was recovered using EE; (iii) approximately 80% of the total relative seminal plasma protein is represented by four protein fractions of molecular weights around 15, 21, 24 and 50 kDa and there were not differences and (iv) focussing the two-dimensional SDS-PAGE gel on the 10–25 kDa rank, the image analysis software detected around 22 spots with isoelectric points ranging from 5.1 to 6.1. Two protein spots (15 kDa and 5.5 and 22 kDa and 5.2 for molecular weight and isoelectric point respectively) increased significantly when semen was recovered using EE. One spot protein with molecular weight around 25 kDa and isoelectric point of 5.2 were only found in the seminal plasma from the semen recovery by AV. As it was demonstrated, ejaculates obtained with EE modify the sodium concentration, alter two proteins concentration and induced the loss of one protein in seminal plasma.     

Comparison of proteome and antigenic proteome between two Neospora caninum isolates

This study was conducted to explore the relationship between two isolates of Neospora caninum (N. caninum) (KBA-2 and VMDL-1) using proteomics. To achieve the goal, proteins of N. caninum tachyzoite lysates of KBA-2 and VMDL-1 were separated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE), stained with silver-nitrate and analyzed using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) to compare protein profiles. In addition, proteins separated by 2-DE were transferred to membranes, probed with bovine anti-N. caninum KBA-2 immunoglobulin G, and reactive proteins were visualized and compared between the two isolates. Most spots on 2-DE profiles and antigenic spots on 2-DE immunoblot profiles were located at similar locations in terms of isoelectric point and molecular weight. Proteins common to both isolates included the following: heat shock protein 70, subtilisin-like serine protease, nucleoside triphosphatase, heat shock protein 60, pyruvate kinase, tubulin alpha, tubulin beta, enolase, putative protein disulfide isomerase, actin, fructase-1,6-bisphosphatase, putative ribosomal protein S2, microneme protein Nc-P38, lactate dihydrogenase, fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase aldolase, serine threonine phosphatase 2C, 14-3-3 protein homologue, N. caninum dense granule-1 and NcGRA2. As a consequence, even though N. caninum KBA-2 and VMDL-1 isolates were isolated from geographically distinct locations there were significant homology in the proteome and antigenic proteome profiles. In addition, proteomic approach was verified as a useful tool for understanding of host immune response against different isolates of protozoa.     

A proteomic reference map for pig serum proteins as a prerequisite for diagnostic applications

A reference protein map for pig serum was set up using two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE). Thirty-nine protein chains or spots deriving from 26 different proteins were identified by immunological and mass spectrometric methods. Thus, the positions of most medium to higher abundance serum proteins could be determined on the 2-DE gels. The plasma protein fibrinogen was also included in our study. The overall pig protein pattern differs in some respect to serum/plasma maps of other mammalian species, e.g. in levels and properties of single proteins such as haptoglobin or IgM or in species-specific proteins like pig major acute phase protein. Serum protein maps are a useful tool to get an overview on expressed proteins, and to monitor changes in concentration as well as isotype distribution of the identified proteins. As a consequence, more detailed knowledge on protein pattern changes may give deeper insights into the metabolic development of some pathologic conditions and may lead to putative biomarkers for further investigation. Selected examples for protein pattern changes in pigs infected by a viral (porcine circovirus type 2) and a bacterial (Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae) pathogen illustrate the usefulness of the method.     

Partial purification and characterization of a protein in porcine follicular fluid which restricts sperm-egg interaction in vitro.

An attempt was made to isolate and characterize a component in preovulatory porcine follicular fluid (pFF) which has a restricting effect on sperm-egg interaction in vitro. Using the zona-free hamster ova (eggs) penetration assay as an in vitro test system, it was shown previously that the numbers of porcine spermatozoa attached to or penetrated into each egg and the number of eggs with sperm attached or penetrated decreased significantly as the concentration of pFF was increased in the culture medium. In the present study, the component in pFF having these effects was shown to be a heat stable, nonsteroidal substance which retained its activity after dialysis, lyophilization and gel filtration chromatography. The activity was also found to be present in preovulatory homologous serum. Separation of the material on protein type gel filtration columns with detection at 280 nm, together with the banding seen with Coomassie staining on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), suggests that it is a protein. Based on high pressure liquid chromatographic separation (HPLC) and SDS-PAGE analyses, the bioactivity could be due to a single protein of 87 kD or to one or more of three smaller proteins, possibly disaggregated products of the 87 kD protein, in the range of 26-28 kD.     

牦牛卵泡液差异蛋白质组双向电泳图谱的构建与质谱分析

从蛋白质水平了解牦牛季节性繁殖规律,利用双向电泳与质谱鉴定技术分析牦牛卵泡液与血浆蛋白质组分变化。以青海高原牦牛卵泡液与血浆为研究对象,采用双向电泳技术构建牦牛卵泡液与血浆蛋白质双向电泳图谱,银染后利用Image Master 2D Platinum软件分析并采用MALDI-TOF-MS进行质谱鉴定。用试剂盒ProteoExtract Albumin/IgG Removal Kit去除高丰度蛋白质后,利用2-DE技术获得了分辨率较高的卵泡液与血浆蛋白质电泳图谱,卵泡液与血浆蛋白质图谱对比分析共发现了24个差异表达蛋白质点,其中2个蛋白质点表达上调,22个蛋白质点表达下调。经质谱分析,最终成功鉴定出8个蛋白质点、5个未知蛋白质点。本研究成功构建了蛋白质图谱及分离鉴定的差异蛋白质,为从蛋白质水平揭示牦牛卵泡发育规律及了解卵母细胞发育的微环境提供了试验依据。     

兔子宫内膜组织的双向电泳

为了有效地研究胚泡附植的分子机制．本研究建立了一套适合兔子宫内膜蛋白分析的双向电泳技术体系．包括蛋白质含量测定、第1向IEF—PAGE和第2向SDS—PAGE的凝胶配方及电泳参数的选择、电极溶液的选择，并运用该技术体系分析了未孕兔和受孕2、4、6、9d兔子宫内膜蛋白。结果表明，在给定的时期内，兔子宫内膜蛋白质的含量有变化，但差异不显著；用所建立的双向电泳体系分析子宫内膜蛋白质后发现，双向电泳图谱的重复性好，蛋白质点的分辨率高，共同蛋白质点多。差异蛋白质点少。     

标准SDS-PAGE图法测定大豆11S抗原蛋白含量的研究

分离纯化获得高纯度的大豆11S抗原蛋白后,以100μg/ml为浓度梯度差,制备100~2 000μg/ml浓度的11S抗原蛋白标准溶液,用SDS-PAGE电泳法制得梯度清晰的11S抗原蛋白浓度标准图。将待测定样品SDS-PAGE电泳后,通过与标准图比较可方便读出样品中11S抗原蛋白的浓度C0,并结合运用公式W=2.15×10-5.C0×100%,可快速计算出样品中11S抗原蛋白的含量。该测定方法具有方便、准确、灵敏度高等特点,适合进行大规模样品11S抗原蛋白含量的测定。