Mutagenic Improvement of Shattering Characteristic of the Restorer Line of a Hybrid Rice “Xieyou 9308“

The newly developed hybrid rice combination “Xieyou 9308“ (Xieqingzao A/T9308) has been regarded as a super-high-yielding rice variety, of which the yield potential reached as high as 12 t/ha. However, its high shattering characteristic (as high as 60%) has limited its wider application. In the current experiment, a non-shattering mutant line, M9308, was developed from T9308 by gamma irradiation. Comparisons were made but no marked differences were found between T9308 and M9308 as well as between their F1 hybrids crossed to Xieqingzao A for major agronomic and grain quality characters as well as resistance to diseases. Genetic analysis indicated that the non-shattering character of M9308 was governed by a single recessive gene.     

Phenotypic Expression of Whitebacked Planthopper Resistance in the Newly Established japonica ／ indica Doubled Haploid Rice Population

A new doubled haploid (DH) rice population was established from a cross between WBPH-resistant japonica Chunjiang 06 (C J-06) and susceptible indica TN1. Sucking inhibitory and ovicidal resistance of the DH rice lines were evaluated on the basis of non-preference response of WBPH immigrants and honeydew excretion by WBPH females, and appearance of watery lesions in the necrotic discoloration of leaf sheaths ovipositied by WBPH,respectively. Both the major gene resistance to WBPH, sucking inhibitory and ovicidal resistance, showed 1 (resistant): 1 (susceptible) segregation ratio in the DH population. Relative density of WBPH populations and damage scores in the DH population indicated combined functions of both the major resistance genes as well as QTLs affecting the host plant response to WBPH infestations. Thus, the newly developed CJ-06/-I-N1 DH population could be a useful material to analyze major genes and QTLs for WBPH resistance in japonica rice.     

Quantitative Trait Locus Analysis for Rice Yield Traits under Two Nitrogen Levels

A recombinant inbred line population derived from a super hybrid rice Xieyou 9308(Xieqingzao B/Zhonghui 9308) and its genetic linkage map were used to detect quantitative trait loci(QTLs) for rice yield traits under the low and normal nitrogen(N) levels. A total of 52 QTLs for yield traits distributed in 27 regions on 9 chromosomes were detected, with each QTL explaining 4.93%–26.73% of the phenotypic variation. Eleven QTLs were simultaneously detected under the two levels, and 30 different QTLs were detected under the two N levels, thereby suggesting that the genetic bases controlling rice growth under the low and normal N levels were different. QTLs for number of panicles per plant, number of spikelets per panicle, number of filled grains per panicle, and grain density per panicle under the two N levels were detected in the RM135–RM168 interval on chromosome 3. QTLs for number of spikelets per panicle and number of filled grains per panicle under the two N levels, as well as number of panicles per plant and grain density per panicle, under the low N level, were detected in the RM5556–RM310 interval on chromosome 8. The above described QTLs shared similar regions with previously reported QTLs for rice N recycling.     

Detection of Sensitivity and Resistance Variation of Magnaporthe grisea to Kitazin P,Carbendazim and Tricyclazole

One hundred and twenty-nine isolates of Magnaporthe grisea from Guangdong, Guangxi, Anhui and Jiangsu provinces of China were tested for resistance frequency to kitazin P and carbendazim, respectively by the distinctive concentration method. The resistance frequency of the isolates to kitazin P which had not been used in practice for about ten years was as high as 79.1%, and only one carbendazim-resistant isolate was detected in Gaoyao, Guangdong Province (with a frequency of 0.78%). Meanwhile, the minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) of hyphal melanization was adopted to detect the sensitivity of M. grisea to tricyclazole. There existed several different degrees of sensitivity to tricyclazole in the melanin biosynthesis of M. grisea, but no relationship was found between these MIC values completely inhibiting melanization in hyphae and the EC50 values of tricyclazole against rice blast tested in vivo. After the isolates were induced by chemical taming or UV irradiation in laboratory, kitazin P-resistant and carbendazim-resistant mutants were recovered by both the methods, but none of tricyclazole-resistant mutant was obtained.     

QTL analysis of leaf photosynthetic rate and related physiological traits in rice(Oryza sativa L.)

Photosynthesis is one of the most important factors that influence the biomass and yield. Recently, more attention has been paid to genetic study on rice photosynthesis and rice breeding for the physiological traits related to high efficient photosynthesis. Chlorophyll content, stomatal resistance, and transpiration rate were very important physiological traits related to photosynthesis. But until now, no genetic study on these traits has been reported. A DH population derived from anther culture of ZYQ8/JX17, a typical indica/japonica hybrid was developed,     

lsozyme analysis on progenes of somatic hybrids of Oryza sativa L.and O.officinalis

Some wild species of Oryza possess agronomically useful traits such as disease/insect resis tance and salt tolerance. However, the use of wild Oryza species for rice improvement has been hampered by the sexual incompatibility or sterility of hybrids obtained by conventional methods. We have used protoplast fusion as a method to incorporate useful trait of wild O ryza species into cultivated rice and obtained somatic hybrid plants between O.satlva and O.officinalis and their progenies. Isozyme analysis is a method to confirm somatic hybrids and to determine the nuclear constitution of somatic hybrids. The esterase and peroxidase isozyme analysis in progenies of somatic hybrids were herein reported. Two breeding lines PF52 and PF79 were F_2 lines developed form somatic hybrids of O.sativa L.cv. 02428 and O.officinalis accesion. O.sativa L.cv. 02428 and O.officinalis were used as control. Fresh leaves from plants growing in greenhouse were homogenized with extraction     

K You 48-2 Developed by Rice and Sorghum Res Inst,Sichuan Acad of Agri Sci

K You 48-2 is a new combination of early hybrid rice with good grain quality and high yield, developed by combining male sterile line K-Qing A having japonica cytoplasm and indica genome and restorer line Ce 48-2. In the regional trial of Hubei Province in 1991, its yield was 4.4% higher than that of the CK Weiyou 48-2, being significant at 0.05 level. In the same year, in another regional trial of Sichuan Province, its yield was 8.9% higher than that of the CK Weiyou 48-2, being significant at 0.01 level. It has the highest yield among all tested varieties in both provincial trials. It has shown good grain quality with 60% head rice recovery and moderate resistance to rice blast.     

Developmental Analysis of Genetic Behavior of Brown Rice Width in indica-japonica Hybrids

One of the most effective ways of enhancing rice yield is the utilization of the strong inter-subspecific hybrid heterosis between indica rice and japonica rice in replacement of inter-varietal hybrid heterosis being widely applied. Recently, great progress has been made to increase rice yield in several countries e.g. Japan, Korea, China etc [1]. For example, an indica-japonica hybrid rice combination ‘Xieyou 9308’, which was derived from an indica cytoplasmic male sterile line Xieqingzao…     

Estimating Out-Crossing Rate of Bg 379-2 Using Morphological Markers and Confirmation by Molecular Markers

Rice is largely self-fertilized and accordingly a field population of rice is completely composed of near homozygotes.Due to the emergence of off-types,homozygosity will be affected.With the time,this will cause the reduction of genetic purity in some rice varieties.One of the reasons has been suspected to be the high out-crossing frequencies of such varieties.Studies were conducted at the Rice Research and Development Institute,Batalagoda,Sri Lanka to estimate the out-crossing rate of Bg 379-2,a variety having the problem of maintaining genetic purity.Bg 379-2 was allowed to out-cross with Bg 450 and the number of out-crossed plants were counted using dominant morphological markers such as short-round grain and purple culm of pollen donor.A molecular confirmation of out-crossing was also performed using sequence tagged site(STS) molecular marker pTA248.The variety Bg 379-2 showed a potential out-crossing rate of 3.41% and an average out-crossing rate of 1.29% using dominant morphological markers.Polymorphism was clearly detected between parents and out-crossed plants as well as selfed plants of Bg 379-2 using their banding patterns.A similar study can be performed to determine the out-crossing rates of other varieties which show high percentage of off-types in the population for the better understanding of the breeding behavior of the varieties.     

Integrated Approach to Control False Smut in Hybrid Rice in Sichuan Province,China

Severe epidemic of false smut, caused by Ustilaginoidea virens(Cooke) Takahashi(teleomorph Villosiclava virens) has been reported in different parts of Asia and America. Different fungicides or bio-control agents against false smut were applied at different times before heading on a susceptible rice variety Pu-6. A control efficiency as high as 91.92% was resulted from spraying 2.5% Wenquning, a suspension of Bacillus subtilis in solution of validamycin with 4.5 L/hm2 at 6 d before heading. Among the 186 hybrid rice screened in 2010, low significant correlations between the dates of full heading, rates of infected plants and panicles as well as the number of infected florets were found, with the correlation coefficients ranging from 0.2331 to 0.5212. However, significant difference in susceptibility coefficients was also found between the varieties which had the same dates of full heading. In the plot experiments to compare the susceptibility in 2011, the average rates of infected panicles of Yixiangyou 2168, Chuanxiangyou 3, Dexiang 4103, Yixiangyou 2115, Nei5 you 317, Yangxinyou 1 were significantly lower than those of the control varieties Gangyou 725 and Gangyou 188 at the disease nursery located at Qionglai, Sichuan Province, China. When Neixiangyou 8156 and Nei5 you 317 were sprayed with 2.5% Wenquning at 4.5 L/hm2 for two times at 6 d before and 1 d after heading, respectively, the control efficiencies of Nei5 you 317 and Neixiangyou 8156 were respectively 100% and 82.24% compared to that of Gangyou 725. Satisfactory control effects had also obtained by single spray of 2.5% Wenquning at 4.5 L/hm2 at 5–6 d before heading. Therefore, less susceptible hybrid rice in combination with spraying Wenquning at 5–6 d before heading was suggested for the disease control in Sichuan Province, China.     

超级杂交稻协优9308恢复系落粒性的诱变改良

通过γ射线诱变恢复系T9308干种子筛选到了难落粒突变体M9308。除落粒性外,突变体及其与不育系协青早A配制的杂种F1的主要农艺性状、稻米品质和抗病性无显著变化。遗传研究表明,M9308的难落粒性受单隐性基因控制     

一个水稻根长QTL qRL4的分离鉴定

为了分离鉴定qRL4,以超级稻协优9308衍生重组自交系与轮回亲本中恢9308(R9308)回交多代的高代回交群体为材料,利用琼脂无土栽培技术,开展水稻根长QTL qRL4的分离鉴定研究,最后将qRL4定位在第4染色体分子标记RM5687与InDel49间624.6kb范围内。此基因的定位与分离鉴定将有助于水稻根长相关遗传机理的研究,为探究在基因水平上的水稻根系形态建成奠定了坚实基础。     

两个杂交稻组合及其亲本材料对白背飞虱抗性的研究

采用田间白背飞虱种群调查和水稻产量、室内白背飞虱蜜露量、产卵量及卵发育率测定,在浙江富阳和重庆秀山两地研究了杂交稻组合及其亲本材料对白背飞虱的抗虫性.田间试验结果表明不育系协青早A和珍汕97A表现出对白背飞虱比感虫对照品种TN1更感虫的"超感虫性",稻株上的若虫量分别高达371.1和292.5只/丛.在杂交稻汕优63和协优9308上的若虫数量与TN1上的相当,杂交稻的感虫性主要来源于其不育系亲本.在无杀虫剂防治的情况下,感虫杂交稻组合的千粒重和产量损失率高达22%和78%左右,不育系材料被完全毁灭,表现为虫量越大,千粒重下降幅度越大,产量损失率越高.蜜露量测定表明,恢复系明恢63和9803具有一定的耐虫性.白背飞虱在杂交稻及其亲本上的产卵量和卵发育率没有显著差异.还对杂交稻抗虫性的改良进行了讨论.     

超级杂交稻协优9308生理模型的研究

观察比较了超级杂交稻协优9308和高产杂交稻协优63的生理特性。与高产杂交稻协优63相比,超级杂交稻协优9308表现出两个明显的顶端优势,即营养生长期间的“茎蘖顶端优势”和灌浆成熟期间的“粒间顶端优势”。认为这两优势是协优9308超高产的生理特性和基础,据此提出以单茎（蘖）物质生产优势为基础,以“两个顶端优势”为中心的超级杂交稻协优9308的“生理模型”,即(1) 协优9308 干物质生产能力高,全生育期单株干物质生产量达120 g;抽穗后仍具有较高生产力,此间生物产量占总生物产量的40%。(2) 营养生长期“茎蘖顶端优势”显著,有效分蘖终止期较早,出现在移栽后2周左右,幼穗发育整齐,成穗率>65 %。(3) 灌浆成熟期“粒间顶端优势”显著,优势粒灌浆势高,齐穗后第2周便达到灌浆势的峰值,此后仍保持一定的灌浆能力;劣势粒灌浆进程比优势粒滞后,在临近成熟时,仍未出现灌浆势峰值;支撑劣势粒灌浆势不减的生理机制是：根系衰老迟缓,花后物质运转势较高,功能叶衰老迟缓。这一超级杂交稻“生理模型”的经济产量指标是11~12 t/hm2。     

分蘖角度动态型水稻的形态特征及生长特性分析

以前期分蘖半散生、抽穗后直立的分蘖角度动态型水稻材料DI508为研究对象,对照全生育期直立型材料9308和全生育期半散生型材料M09,研究了全生育期分蘖角度的变化和相关的生理生态特性。结果表明, DI508在分蘖期具有明显的丛生快长和拔节后直立抽穗的特性,生育后期上3叶功能稳定。其主茎的第1、第2和第3分蘖在始蘖期与水平地面夹角平均值分别为59.74°、62.94°和68.54°,与半散生水稻材料M09表现一致;抽穗后接近90°,与直立型水稻材料9308表现一致。DI508的分蘖成穗率为68.35%,较M09的66.24%增加309个百分点。DI508成熟期单株干物质量为155.54 g,较M09和9308分别高15.84%和64.09%;平均单蘖干物质量9.15 g,较M09和9308高63.69%和44.78%。拔节后至成熟,DI508的上3叶净光合速率平均值为26.89、25.69和24.83 μmol/（m2·s),具有较强的光合功能。最后,讨论了分蘖角度动态型水稻前期半散生快长、后期直立灌浆特性的生长优势以及在水稻高光效、高产育种上的潜在利用价值。     

大穗型籼稻三系不育系浙91A的选育

浙91A是以野败籼型不育系V20A为母本,用浙农8010B/浙农91后代中选株系为父本杂交,采用连续单株花粉育性镜检,连续回交转育而成的籼型不育系.其穗型大,每穗粒数达155.6粒;主要稻米品质指标明显优于浙江省主配不育系协青早A;不育株率100%,花粉不育度100%;柱头外露率60.1%,异交结实率55%左右,易于繁殖制种.2003年9月通过了由浙江省科技厅组织的技术鉴定,配制的新组合正进行试验试种.     

野败型籼稻不育系中新A的选育

中新A是以中浙A为母本,印32B/协青早B的F4代优良单株为父本,经测交和多代回交转育而成的中籼不育系。中新A于2006年通过浙江省科技成果鉴定,表现株型适中、柱头外露率高、开花习性好、配合力好。特别适宜与含粳稻成分较多的恢复系配组,组配的组合生育期明显短于协青早A所配组合,对解决籼粳亚种间杂交F1代生育期过长具有积极意义。     

Development of Chromosomal Segment Substitution Lines from a Backcross Recombinant Inbred Population of Interspecific Rice Cross

Genetic variation in cultivated rice has been reduced tremendously during domestication and modern plant breeding. As a consequence, slow progress in rice breeding and genetic vulnerability in rice production has been witnessed since 1980s. Wild relatives of cultivated rice remain to be highly diversified and hold various genes conferring resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses, thus providing a valuable gene pool for rice genetic improvement. More and more attentions have been paid to intro…     

利用分子标记技术降低协优57的直链淀粉含量

 为克服产量高、适应性广的中籼组合协优57的直链淀粉含量较高、蒸煮食味品质较差的缺点,对其父母本较高的直链淀粉含量特性进行了改良。先前利用PCR AccⅠ分子标记辅助选择对其父本057进行改良,育成了直链淀粉含量改良型057, 简称057(TT)。本研究以ND42为优质基因的供体,利用PCR AccⅠ分子标记对协青早B\[母本协青早A的保持系,简称协青早B(GG)\]进行改良,得到直链淀粉含量改良型协青早B,简称协青早B(TT)。然后用改良前、后的各亲本分别配组,分析各组合的基因型(GG、GT、TT)和食味品质。结果表明,改良单亲的GT型组合协青早B(GG)/057(TT)、协青早B(TT)/057(GG)杂交稻米的直链淀粉含量由原组合协青早B(GG)/057(GG)的26.1%分别降到19.3%和19.2%,但均一性较差。改良双亲的TT纯合型组合协青早B(TT)/057(TT)的杂交稻米,不仅直链淀粉含量降到中等偏低水平(12.5%)、胶稠度变得更软,而且直链淀粉含量的均一性也有了很大的提高。     

Identification for Heat Tolerance in Backcross Recombinant Lines and Screening of Backcross Introgression Lines with Heat Tolerance at Milky Stage in Rice

The present study aimed at breeding new rice germplasms with similar genome but significantly differed in heat tolerance during the grain filling stage.A total of 791 BC1F8 backcross recombinant lines,derived from the cross of Xieqingzao B /N22 //Xieqingzao B,were used as materials.Each rice line was separated evenly into two groups,and the heat tolerance of all rice lines were evaluated at natural high temperature in fields.The rice lines with heat tolerant index higher than 90% or lower than 40% were sele...