黑豆种质检验及生化质量指标的评价

检测山西6个地区黑豆种子外观形态与生物活性物质含量,采用系统聚类的类平均法,评价了黑豆种子生化质量指标。结果显示:供试6份材料蛋白质(48.4044%)与脂肪(16.7234%)jhx304含量最高,薯蓣皂苷(5.654%)、维生素E(95.736μg/g)和维生素C(0.86mg/g)jhx305含量最为丰富,多糖(10.68%)jhx302含量最高。结合6地黑豆种子外观形态,经分级评价得出:jhx305与jhx303品质为一级;jhx304与jhx301品质为二级;jhx306与jhx302品质为三级。结论:由于山西各地气候、地理与栽培条件不同,其种子外观形态与品质方面表现差异较大,其中jhx305与jhx303以外观浑圆,颗粒饱满,各项生化质量指标高为最佳品种。     

甜玉米新种质生化成分的分析

以我国自己转育成的甜玉米新种南材料，研究甜玉米的生化成分，优势率和遗传控制，研究结果表明，（１）甜玉米新质各种生化成分与原始基因型接近，营养价值高，食味品质好；（２）甜玉米品质性状优势率以负（向）优势为主，明显不同生长势性状的优势率；（３）普甜，甜脆，超甜玉米籽粒外观性状和糖分含量均受其各自的一对隐性基因控制。     

罗布麻种子自然状态老化过程中生理生化指标测定与分析

采用引种于内蒙古农业大学农场2010年、2011年、2012年、2013年4个不同年份采集的内蒙古通辽地区罗布麻种子为材料,研究其自然老化过程中几项生理生化指标变化。结果表明:罗布麻种子在自然贮存条件下随着贮藏时间的推移,种子内部呈现贮藏物质还原糖、可溶性糖含量降低,过氧化物酶和超氧化物歧化酶活性下降,丙二醛含量上升的趋势,罗布麻这些生理生化指标的变化,应该是导致罗布麻种子活力降低的重要因素。     

感染ADV艾虎的几项血液生化指标测定

应用水貂阿留申病毒辽金ＡＤＶ８１－０２株系对对流免疫电泳阴性、临床表现健康的艾滤进行了感染实验。结果艾虎在接种ＡＤＶ后的第７ｄ开始出现血清ＣＩＥＰ沉淀抗体，第１５ｄＣＩＰ阳必率达到１００％。ＡＤＶ抗体到少可在艾虎体内保持３８２ｄ。     

燕麦耐盐性的生理生化指标网络分析

为探讨盐胁迫下燕麦幼苗耐盐性与生理生化指标之间的关系,采用沙培法对6个栽培燕麦品种进行盐胁迫处理（0、1、2、4、6、8g/kg NaCl）,在播种7、14、21d时测定各处理下幼苗的生长指标和生理生化指标,并用单因素方差、相关性网络、隶属函数等方法进行数据分析。结果表明,耐盐指标间存在显著正相关关系,过氧化物酶活性、叶绿素含量与耐盐指标间存在显著正相关,丙二醛、可溶性糖、脯氨酸含量与耐盐指标间存在显著负相关;种子千粒重与耐盐指标、过氧化物酶及叶绿素含量之间存在显著负相关关系。     

棉花黄萎病抗性的生理生化指标探讨

将抗病和感病不同的棉花品种接种黄萎病菌后，对其植株体内过氧化物酶的活性进行测定。在接种后５天，其体内过氧化物酶活性有显著差异，可以作为抗性鉴定的星化指标。病原菌毒素对感病品种原生质体的破坏程度较抗性品种为大，差异明显，可以作为抗性鉴定的生理指标。     

用于玉米品种抗旱性鉴定的生理生化指标

通过对67个玉米品种幼苗叶片的水势、抗坏血酸、脯氨酸、电解质渗漏率和萎蔫分数在大田干旱条件下及室内水分胁迫条件下的测定证明,各指标对干旱反应的灵敏度顺序为:抗坏血酸>电解质渗漏率>脯氨酸>萎蔫分数。室内结果可代替大田结果。室内幼苗上述各指标测定结果可用于玉米品种抗旱性鉴定,但是可否用于分级有待进一步研究。     

^60Coγ射线辐照国光苹果低温贮藏中生化指标变化的对比研究

用5个不同剂量的~(60)C_0γ射线辐照国光苹果后,低温(4℃±1℃)贮藏,定期记载各处理和对照组的烂果率.分三个时期测定了8项生化指标,并对比分析了这些指标变化的机理及其生理意义.试验结果表明,各辐照组的烂果率比对照都明显降低;从生化指标的对比分析中看到,国光苹果的最佳辐照剂量为50—70Krad.     

不孕奶牛血液生理生化指标分析

为了探究奶牛不孕症的发病特点,有效防治不孕症的发生。本试验对患有久配不孕、子宫增生、子宫内膜炎、卵巢囊肿的奶牛进行血液生理生化指标测定。采用全自动血细胞分析仪和Vet Test生化分析仪对患病奶牛与健康奶牛的全血进行血液常规指标和生化指标检测。发现子宫内膜炎引起白细胞数量显著增多（P<0.05）;而红细胞数、血红蛋白含量、淋巴细胞百分数、单核细胞百分数和中性粒细胞百分数在四种病例中均无显著变化;卵巢囊肿可导致血液总蛋白量（TP）显著增加(P<0.05);丙氨酸转氨酶（ALT）、碱性磷酸酶（ALKP）和血糖（GLU）在各种病例中均无显著变化（P>0.05）;久配不孕、子宫内膜炎和卵巢囊肿均能显著降低血液中钙离子（Ca）浓度（P<0.05）;并且,久配不孕、子宫内膜炎和卵巢囊肿均能显著增高血液中磷离子（PHOS）浓度（P<0.05）,打破钙磷平衡;同时,在所有分组中发现,血糖浓度均低于正常标准值。由此可见,血液中钙磷平衡可以作为辅助指标预测奶牛不孕症的发生。在早期疾病诊断过程中,保持血液中钙磷比例平衡是防治奶牛不孕症发生的重要手段之一。     

小黑豆分离蛋白的制取与分析

论述了小黑豆分离蛋白的制取与功能特性。试验表明,小黑豆分离蛋白(SBSPI)最佳提取条件为:pH值为8.5,碱溶温度为55℃,料液比为1∶10。与大豆分离蛋白的功能特性相比,小黑豆分离蛋白的溶解度、乳化性和乳化稳定性均较好,但起泡性较差。     

Agronomical and quality traits of runner bean germplasm and implications for breeding

White runner bean landraces are greatly appreciated in the North highlands of Spain due to their excellent culinary seed quality. Runner bean cultivars are grown like pole beans. Diversity within a runner bean collection of 31 accessions from the Iberian Peninsula (Spain and Portugal) was examined using morphological, agronomical and seed quality traits. Landraces showed significant differences for most of the agronomical and seed quality traits studied except for seeds per pod, water absorption, seed coat tenderness and floury texture. Runner bean landraces showed sufficient variability to select inbred lines for future breeding. Genotype × environment interaction was significant for days to first flowering, days to first dry pod, seeds per pod and seed length. The majority of physical and nutritional seed quality traits studied which are important to determine the commercial value of a variety were not subject to environmental influences. Different selection pressures affecting to the runner bean genetic material could have occurred in several regions of the Iberian Peninsula. Extra-large and high yielding runner bean germplasm was identified and represents a valuable source of genetic diversity that has potential for development of improved cultivars to be chosen for commercialisation. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Phenotypic and genotypic screening for rust resistance in common bean germplasm in Uganda

Rust caused by Uromyces appendiculatus (Pers., Pers.) Unger is one of the major foliar diseases of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) in Uganda. The use of host resistance remains the best option in managing this disease. The objective of this study was to identify sources of broad-spectrum rust resistance in common bean germplasm including landraces, commercial cultivars and introduced genotypes using a combination of phenotypic and genotypic screening with 22 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers located on chromosome Pv04. A total of 138 genotypes were field screened from 2014 and 2015 using an alpha lattice design. The variance and correlation of disease incidence, area under the disease progression curve (AUDPC) and total grain yield were computed using GenStat. The polymorphism information content of the genotypes was determined, and the association of the markers and the disease resistance traits were analyzed using PowerMarker and TASSEL respectively. Resistance of each genotype was compared to the presence and absence of amplified markers. There were highly significant differences (P < 0.001) among the genotypes for disease incidence, AUDPC and total grain yield and a strong correlation (P < 0.001) between disease incidence and AUDPC in both years. The SSR markers, BARC_PV_SSR04725, bean_ssr_0778 and bean_ssr_2892 were associated (P ≤ 0.05) with rust resistance. Fifteen 15 genotypes which included the landraces Nabufumbo, and Kapchorwa white, and the commercial cultivar NABE 2 were identified as new sources of rust resistance that would be useful in future bean breeding programmes in Uganda.     

Rooting of bean leaves and use in germplasm evaluation for common bacterial blight resistance

Summary A simple protocol for leaf rooting in beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) was developed and used to investigate the reaction of Xanthomonas campestris pv. phaseoli (Xcp), causal pathogen of common bacterial blight disease, in detached versus attached bean leaves. Trifoliate leaves of different sizes (one-third, two-thirds, and fully expanded), either with or without the pulvinus attached to the petioles, were excised from 20 day-old plants of six bean cultivars/lines. Leaf cuttings were cultured in potting medium and then incubated for 5 to 10 days under transparent polyethylene plastic cover in the greenhouse. Roots were readily initiated along the petioles of the leaf cuttings, whether the pulvinus was present or absent. All leaves which were two-thirds expanded and fully expanded developed roots 5 to 7 days after culture. Eighty to 90 percent of the leaves which were one-third expanded formed roots 8 to 10 days after incubation. Laminae of the rooted leaf cuttings were viable and green during the 2 to 3 months period in culture after removing the plastic cover. The common bacterial blight reactions were similar for inoculated attached leaves, detached rooted leaves (inoculated either after or prior to rooting), and moistened detached leaves incubated without rooting. The latter were only usable for evaluation of the Xcp reaction in growth chamber experiments but not under greenhouse conditions. The rooted leaves would be useful for screening bean lines for multiple disease resistance, especially if the pathogens require different environments for disease expression.Abbreviations CBB Common Bacterial Blight - Xcp Xanthomonas campestris pv. phaseoli (Smith) Dye     

9份小茴香种质资源的种子质量和田间比较试验

为筛选出适合旱作农业区栽培的小茴香材料,对初步收集的9份小茴香种质资源材料进行种子发芽试验和田间比较试验,测定种子活力,对种植情况、植株性状、田间生长状况以及产量进行综合分析。发芽试验结果表明:25℃为旱作农业区小茴香种子的最适发芽温度,变温有利于小茴香种子的萌发;收集于甘肃省玉门市黄闸湾乡黄闸湾村的材料7发芽势(44.67%)、发芽率(92.67%)、发芽指数(81.52)和种子活力(11.34)最高。田间比较试验结果表明:9个材料中,收集自甘肃省民勤县东湖镇东湖村的材料4田间综合表现良好、分枝习性和结实习性好、产量结构协调,株高(113.72cm)、茎粗(9.04mm)、干物质量(185.5g)、产量(82.68kg/667m²)最高。材料4和材料7可作为优异种质资源在旱作农业区推广种植。     

菜豆新种质W9301植物学性状与品质评价初报

本文以来自哈尔滨郊区的菜豆新种质W9301和3份普通栽培菜豆为材料，对其植物学性状及菜豆嫩英中干物质、叶绿素、纤维素、脂肪、氨基酸含量进行了较系统的比较研究，结果表明：新种质W9301植株蔓生，分枝多，生长繁茂，缠绕性强。多花多英．种英硬而小．种子极小．百粒重为2.3g，种皮坚硬，透性差。菜豆新种质W930与栽培菜豆相比具有较高的氨基酸．必需氨基酸及脂肪和不饱和脂肪酸含量。是改良栽培菜豆品质营养成分的重要遗传资源。     

Origin,diversity and utilization of the Cuban germplasm of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

Summary Wheat root characters which influence vital plant processes have scarcely been explored for their genetic control. This study was conducted to i) examine the diversity of root traits and associated shoot traits in spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars; ii) study the nature of genetic control of selected traits; and iii) examine associations among root and shoot traits. Three experiments were conducted in the greenhouse with plants grown in the vermiculite medium in clear plastic tubes. In the first experiment, 42 spring wheat cultivars were grown for three weeks and measurements were taken on root length, leaf length, root number, leaf number, root dry weight, and top dry weight. In the second study, 15F₁'s originating from a partial diallel mating of six cultivars along with the parents were evaluated for 4 weeks. The data on root length, leaf length, and root number were subjected to diallel analysis according to Griffing's method 4, fixed model. A third experiment consisted of studying 2 F₂ populations with 141 plants per population. In the first study the 42 cultivars exhibited a wide range of variation for all six traits. Diallel analysis revealed significant effects of both general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) for root length, leaf length, and root number. Parents with high GCA estimates were identified. Significant positive correlation coefficients were found among root and shoot traits. Analysis of F₂'s for root length indicated quantitative nature of inheritance of root length.     

蓝、紫(黑)粒小麦种质评价及其在育种中的应用

~~蓝、紫(黑)粒小麦种质评价及其在育种中的应用@李志辉$河南省漯河农业科学研究所!462300 @李建钊$河南省漯河农业科学研究所!462300 @靳巧玲$河南省漯河农业科学研究所!462300