猪球虫病的诊断与防控

<正>猪球虫病是由艾美耳属和等孢属球虫引起的仔猪消化道疾病。病猪腹泻、消瘦及发育受阻,成年猪多为带虫者。猪球虫病多见于仔猪,可引起严重的消化道疾病。成年猪多为带虫者,是本病的传染源。该病呈世界性分布,猪球虫的种类很多,但对仔猪致病力最强的是猪等孢球虫。1流行病学球虫性腹泻通常发生于8~15日龄的仔猪。球虫性腹泻常表现为中度腹泻,抗生素治疗效果较差。猪球虫感染很常见,而亚临床感染常未能被诊断出,对     

猪球虫病的临床诊断及防治

球虫是专门寄生于细胞内的原虫。猪的球虫病是由多种球虫寄生于猪肠道粘膜上皮细胞内,引起肠粘膜出血和腹泻为主的寄生虫病。本病主要发生于小猪,且多发于7～11日龄的乳猪早在1934年就有了猪等孢球虫的报道,但是直到20世纪70年代中期才从临床上将猪等孢球虫病确诊为哺乳仔猪的一种球虫病,1978年在自然感染的病例中证实猪等孢球虫是引起仔猪球虫病的病原,并且猪等孢球虫病在哺乳仔猪中被人工复制出来。新生仔猪的球虫病呈世界性分布,在任何养仔猪的猪圈中均可能发生。仔猪球虫性腹泻已成为养猪业的威胁。     

仔猪球虫病的调查与防治探讨

仔猪球虫病是由猪等孢球虫和某些艾美耳属球虫寄生于哺乳期及新近断奶仔猪小肠上皮细胞引起的、以腹泻为主要临床症状的原虫病.     

仔猪球虫病不容忽视

猪等孢球虫感染引起的球虫病 ,通常发生于8～ 1 5日龄的仔猪。对该病的研究结果表明仔猪球虫病的流行比人们想象的要常见得多。1　寄生性原虫球虫是寄生于细胞内的原虫 ,包括艾美耳属、新孢子虫属、住肉孢子虫属、弓形虫属和等孢属。常见的感染或临床症状包括鸡的血便 (柔嫩艾美耳球虫感染引起的盲肠出血性球虫病 )和龚地弓形虫引起的人和动物的弓形虫病 ,猫在弓形虫病的发生中起着重要作用。等孢属球虫感染猪、犬、猫的临床表现为腹泻。此属球虫感染具有很强的宿主特异性 ,例如 ,仔猪对猪等孢球虫易感。2　生活史猪等孢球虫在动物宿主和环…     

猪球虫病的诊断与防控

猪球虫病是由艾美耳属和等孢属球虫引起的仔猪消化道疾病。病猪腹泻、消瘦及发育受阻，成年猪多为带虫者。猪球虫病多见于仔猪，可引起严重的消化道疾病。成年猪多为带虫者，是本病的传染源。该病呈世界性分布，猪球虫的种类很多，但对仔猪致病力最强的是猪等孢球虫。     

猪球虫病预防和控制

猪球虫病是由猪等孢球虫和某些种艾美耳属球虫寄生于哺乳期及新近断奶的仔猪小肠上皮细胞所引起的以腹泻为主要临床症状的原虫病。     

重视球虫引起的仔猪腹泻

猪球虫病是由猪等孢球虫和某些艾美耳属球虫寄生于哺乳期及刚断奶仔猪小肠上皮细胞所致的一种原虫病,是引起7～15日龄仔猪腹泻的主要原因,临床上以10H龄左右仔猪下痢和使用抗生素治疗无效为主要特征,故又称"十日龄腹泻".     

四川省仔猪球虫病的流行病学调查

2002年杨光友等抽样调查了四川省12个市、县16个猪场的球虫病流行情况。采集1～50日龄仔猪粪样422份,用盐-糖漂浮法检查球虫卵囊,并进行培养和虫种鉴定。结果,仔猪球虫阳性场占93.75%(15/16),仔猪球虫总感染率为25.36%(107/422);猪等孢球虫阳性场占87.50%(14/16),猪等孢球虫总感染率为18.72%(79/422)。寄生于猪的球虫中以等孢球虫(Isosporasuis)对仔猪的致病力最强。20世纪70年代末,美国成立了仔猪腹泻球虫病协会,发现20%以上的仔猪腹泻是由猪等孢球虫引起的。美国、加拿大、比利时等一些国家,已先后把猪等孢球虫作为引起7～14日龄仔猪腹泻…     

猪球虫病的诊治

<正>猪球虫病是由等孢属和艾美耳属的球虫所引起的原虫病,其中以猪等孢球虫的致病力最强。该病一年四季均可发生,常见于7~10日龄哺乳仔猪,主要症状为腹泻,可持续4~8 d,粪便从淡黄色到白色,恶臭。患病仔猪表现为脱水,衰弱,发育迟缓,时有死亡。存活的仔猪生长发育严重受阻。本病主要是由于接触分娩舍地板、器具上残留的球虫卵囊而感染,母猪粪便中的卵囊也可能引起仔猪发病[1]。猪球虫病在我国西南地区广泛存在,2002年杨光友等[2]在四川省的抽样调     

集约化猪场仔猪球虫病的防治

猪球虫病是由猪等孢子球虫和某些科艾美耳属球虫，寄生于哺乳期及新近断奶的仔猪小肠上皮细胞所引起的以腹泻、下痢为主要症状的原虫病。近年来的寄生虫病普查证实．在我国特别是南方地区感染相当普遍，也证实了仔猪球虫病是造成仔猪腹泻的原因之一。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.