秸秆青贮失败的原因与对策

东海县是"全国商品粮生产基地县",秸秆资源非常丰富,年产可利用农作物秸秆达70多万吨.多年来,绝大部分秸秆都在农作物收获后未被利用,造成生物能的浪费.对此,东海县畜牧主管部门大力推广秸秆养畜技术,2004～2010年多次承担了省级、国家级秸秆养畜(牛)示范项目,以项目为载体推广农作物秸秆青贮技术,促进了全县草食家畜的发展.通过饲养草食家畜这个特异的"秸秆转化器",把不能直接利用的秸秆转变成营养丰富的肉、乳等食品.这项事业的开展,不仅解决人、畜争粮的矛盾,还解决了大量的人员就业问题.在取得显著经济效益的同时,还产生了令人瞩目的社会效益和生态效益.     

秸秆青贮与品质鉴定

农作物秸秆是草食畜的主要饲草来源,在秸秆青（微）贮过程中产生的有益微生物可促进草食畜的生长和生产,其功效在奶牛生产中尤为明显。每年秋收季节是秸秆青（微）贮的黄金时期,把农作物秸秆作科学处理,使之成为草食畜赖以生存的饲料资源,对于提高草食家畜效益具有十分重要的意义。以玉米秸秆为例,其科学处理有秸秆青贮法及其微生物发酵方法,但都应共同遵循以下技术原则并进行品质鉴定。     

微贮饲料饲喂西杂肉牛育肥效果试验

大力发展草食家畜是近几年来我省畜牧业发展的主要方向,也是发展"节粮、高效型"畜牧业的重要措施之一.但是,仅靠农作物秸秆直接饲喂草食家畜适口性差,可利用营养水平低,浪费大,成本高,经济效益不佳,直接影响农民饲养草食家畜的积极性.本试验通过对秸秆饲料(玉米秆、麦草)采用微贮技术加工处理,观测西土杂交育肥肉牛饲喂微贮饲料的综合养殖效益.     

避免酶制饲料二次发酵的措施与方法

我国具有丰富的农作物秸秆资源,在农作物秸秆中加入微生物高效活性菌种,再将秸秆放入密封的容器贮藏,通过微生物发酵过程,使农作物秸秆转化为具有酸香味、草食家畜喜食的优质饲料。     

黑龙江省秸秆饲料转化利用现状及发展前景初探

<正>农作物秸秆饲料转化利用是我省农作物秸秆利用的重要组成部分,已经成为我省草食家畜粗饲料的重要来源。1农作物秸秆饲料转化利用现状我省农牧民历来就有利用农作物秸秆饲养家畜的习惯。根据省发改委《关于我省秸秆资源利用现状及发展趋势情况的通报》(2013年12月),2012年农作物秸秆饲料转化利用占我省秸秆利用总量的44.5%,占我省秸秆可收集量的     

安徽省草食动物利用秸秆现状及发展潜力

本文基于安徽省农业统计年鉴和草食家畜养殖企业(户)调研数据,分析了安徽地区农作物秸秆资源及养殖综合利用现状和饲用化的发展潜力。     

根据作物收获特点充分利用秸秆资源

我国盛产麦秸、玉米秸等作物秸秆,每年约产4亿吨以上,是牛羊等草食家畜的最大粗饲料资源。随着近年来我国农村草食家畜养殖业的迅速发展,氨化、碱化及黄贮等开发利用秸秆资源的措施开始在全国推广应用。那么,哪些方式适于农作物收获特点,是充分利用我国秸秆资源的有效途径呢? 作物的收获特点关系到秸秆的品质。要有效地加工调制秸秆,就必须了解不同作物的收获特点。按照一定标准,我们可     

发展秸秆养畜的思路与对策

农作物秸秆是草食家畜主要的饲草饲料资源.发展秸秆养畜可减少饲粮消耗,降低饲养成本,增加经济收入,有效解决人畜争粮的矛盾;同时,利用农作物秸秆养畜发展畜牧业,实现秸秆过腹还田,能大量减少农田化肥的使用量,提高土壤有机质的含量,促进农牧业生产良性循环,实现农业增效,农民增收.     

建议大力发展秸秆养羊

我国是一个资源缺乏型国家,一方面,大量宝贵的秸秆资源沉睡、废弃和流失;另一方面,草食家畜供应短缺,一直没有摆脱以食粮型畜禽为主的畜牧业生产结构,因此,应利用农作物秸秆资源大力发展秸秆养羊业。     

河北省肉牛“北繁南育”生产体系与粗饲料资源的关系

对河北省北部地坝上及燕山地区和南部的平原农区的粗饲料资源和草食家畜的分布进行了调查研究。结果表明,坝上及燕山地区草地超载２４４．０１万个羊单位。而平原农区的农作物秸秆资源利用率较低,建立肉牛“北繁南育”生产体系,实行异地育肥,可以有效解决北训地区的草畜矛盾,并可提高农区的秸秆利用率。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.