饲料蛋白水平对台湾泥鳅幼鱼生长、饲料利用率及免疫酶活性的影响

本研究旨在评价饲料蛋白水平对台湾泥鳅(Paramisgumus dabryanus ssp)幼鱼生长性能、饲料利用率及免疫酶活性的影响。选用初始体重为(8.57±0.35)g的台湾泥鳅720尾,随机分成4组,每组设置3个重复,每个重复60尾鱼,分别投喂蛋白水平为25%、30%、35%和40%的实验饲料,养殖时间为60 d。结果显示,随着饲料蛋白水平的升高,台湾泥鳅幼鱼末重(FW)、特定生长率(SGR)和饲料效率(FER)先上升,饲料蛋白水平≥35%后,进入平台期。蛋白质效率(PER)、蛋白质沉积率(PRE)和成活率(SR)均呈先升高后降低的变化趋势。摄食率(FR)则呈逐渐降低的趋势。基于FW、SGR和FER的折线模拟结果表明,台湾泥鳅幼鱼达到最佳生长速度及饲料效率的饲料蛋白水平为34.57%~35.37%。通过二次多项式回归分析可知,台湾泥鳅幼鱼蛋白利用率最高时的饲料蛋白水平为33.61%~34.68%。随着饲料蛋白水平的升高,台湾泥鳅幼鱼超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性呈先升高后趋于稳定的变化趋势,过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性呈先升高后降低的变化趋势;谷丙转氨酶(GPT)和谷草转氨酶(GOT)均呈先升高后降低的变化趋势。由此得出,适宜的饲料蛋白水平可促进台湾泥鳅幼鱼的生长,提高饲料效率,增强免疫酶活性。在本实验条件下,综合考虑生长性能、饲料利用率及免疫酶活性,台湾泥鳅幼鱼饲料最适蛋白水平为34.68%~35.37%。     

台湾泥鳅人工繁育技术初步研究

为了探讨台湾泥鳅(Paramisgumus dabryanus ssp.)的人工繁育技术,为该品种在上海的规模化养殖提供理论依据和技术参考,分别对1龄和2龄的台湾泥鳅亲本进行人工催产,并在圆形流水孵化系统中进行了受精卵孵化和仔鱼培育试验。催产素为促黄体素释放激素类似物(LHRH-A_2)和马来酸地欧酮(DOM),剂量为DOM 0.5 mg+LHRH-A_22μg/尾,共催产台湾泥鳅384尾。结果表明:2龄台湾泥鳅在水温22.3℃的效应时间为17 h,催产率为92.7%,受精率为80.8%,获受精卵36.9万粒,孵化率为67%,繁育水花苗约20万尾;1龄台湾泥鳅在水温22.3℃的效应时间为17~21 h,催产率为67.1%,受精率为70.8%,获受精卵34.7万粒,孵化率为57.7%,繁育水花苗约20万尾。仔鱼在容量300 L的循环水孵化桶中培育30 d后,体长约为3 cm。     

台湾泥鳅的人工繁殖及苗种培育技术初探

正台湾泥鳅营养丰富,生长速度,养殖周期短,养殖3个月左右可达到上市规格,具有广阔的市场前景。本实验选择体重在50g/尾以上的台湾泥鳅亲本221尾(♀86尾、♂135尾)进行人工繁殖实验,结果♀81尾采到鱼卵,共获得卵近46万粒,平均产卵量为5679粒/尾,繁殖水花35万尾,受精率为90.2%、孵化率为84.4%。养至3.5cm以上后获得鱼苗21万尾,成活率为60.0%。     

专家支招台湾泥鳅养殖技巧

<正>储张杰(浙江海洋学院泥鳅研究中心主任):1、孵化用水要提前5个小时充氧,可提高台湾泥鳅受精卵的孵化率。2、养殖池塘以黏土质为宜。除掉池塘四周的杂草,塘壁夯实无缝隙。池塘建设应设计斜坡,因为水体溶氧不足时,台湾泥鳅喜欢靠边,如果池塘边坡不够,容易造成泥鳅畸形,头大尾小。4、现在大陆培育台湾泥鳅,出苗率只达5%~10%,一个关键的原因是没     

“台湾泥鳅”人工繁殖试验

2014年5月17日-5月23日,在浙江省湖州对"台湾泥鳅"人工繁殖技术进行了初步试验。两次试验累计繁育"台湾泥鳅"水花850万尾,孵化率达到80%。通过"台湾泥鳅"激素配方、注射剂量、效应时间等问题的探索,初步得出浙江省地区"台湾泥鳅"繁殖时间为5月份和适宜水温为24℃。还讨论了"台湾泥鳅"的种质、雌雄鉴别、水温及积温对其人工繁殖时间的影响等。     

台湾泥鳅雌雄形态差异分析

台湾泥鳅(Paramisgumus dabryanus ssp.)是中国台湾地区改良的泥鳅养殖新品种,其分类地位暂不明确。从外观上看,台湾泥鳅的雌雄个体形态上存在差异。为了科学识别台湾泥鳅雌雄个体形态特征的差异,通过对采集到的160尾台湾泥鳅的全长、体长、头长、吻长、体高、体厚等25项形态学性状的测定,形成体厚/体长、体高/体长、颌须/头长等24项形态特征的比例性状,采用t检验、主成分分析与判别分析方法对台湾泥鳅雌雄群体的形态特征进行比较。结果显示:(1)t检验表明,24项形态特征的比例性状中,4项差异达到极显著水平(P0.01),4项差异达到显著水平(P0.05),其他性状差异不显著;(2)主成分分析表明,5个主成分的累计贡献率达到84.23%,台湾泥鳅雌雄的差异主要集中在头部、躯干部、颌须、体型肥瘦程度以及整体框架轮廓等方面;(3)经逐步判别分析,建立台湾泥鳅雌雄个体的判别函数。雌性(♀):func1=731.96x1+27.02x2+723.92x3-191.44;雄性(♂):func2=671.79x1+37.09x2+695.54x3-178.50,综合判别准确率为71.5%。研究表明,台湾泥鳅雌雄形态指标间差异显著,利用形态指标建立判别函数实现对台湾泥鳅雌雄个体的快速判别具有一定的可行性。     

舟山群岛大鳞副泥鳅与真泥鳅形态特征比较研究

从舟山群岛采集体长7.1～18.7 cm、体重3.2～55.6 g的野生泥鳅样本,依据侧线鳞数目初步分出127尾大鳞副泥鳅(Paramisguruns dubryanus)和136尾真泥鳅(Misguruns anguilliaudatuses)。按体长段分组,分别记录两种泥鳅体长、体高、尾柄长、尾柄高、头长、吻长、口须长、头长等数据,统计分析体长/体高、尾柄长/尾柄高、头长/吻长、口须长/头长几组数据,结果显示:大鳞副泥鳅尾柄长为尾柄高的(1.07±0.10)倍,真泥鳅尾柄长是尾柄高的(1.84±0.12)倍。大鳞副泥鳅和真泥鳅口须长/头长分别为1.05±0.11,0.54±0.11。尾柄长/尾柄高口须长/头长在两种泥鳅之间也有显著的差异。     

黄金泥鳅

正黄金泥鳅是珠海禾丰水产种苗场在原种台湾泥鳅基础上,选育出通体呈金黄色,具有一定观赏价值的新品种。据苗场负责人介绍,黄金泥鳅比台湾泥鳅更加好养,除了通体金黄色外,还具有生长速度快、抗病能力强、食性杂等优点。外形特征黄金泥鳅身体细长,体近圆筒形,通体金黄色,光滑无鳞片,头较短,口下位,须4对,除身体颜色以外,外形跟台湾泥鳅没有差别。自然条件下,黄金泥鳅的数量极少,每百万尾中只有3~5尾。     

台湾泥鳅池塘生态高效养殖技术

正台湾泥鳅具有生长快、产量高、抗病力强等优势;又因其肉味鲜美,营养丰富,而被誉为"水中人参",泥鳅作为滋补佳品早已摆上家庭、酒店的餐桌,在国内更是畅销不已。台湾泥鳅当年养殖个体可长至100~200 g/尾,可以进行池塘生态养殖、稻田综合种养殖、循环水集约化养殖,养殖经验效益明显,与本地泥鳅品种比较其养殖优势明显,所以近年来我国台湾泥鳅养殖规模发展较快,但内陆地区台湾泥鳅养殖相对较少,而目前鉴于台湾泥鳅的特     

池塘和稻田养殖模式对泥鳅营养品质的影响

为探究不同养殖模式对台湾泥鳅(Paramisgurnus dabryanus ssp.)和泥鳅(Misgurnus anguillicaudatus)营养品质的影响,本研究分析了池塘和稻田养殖模式下,台湾泥鳅和泥鳅的形体性状、营养成分和品质差异,并探讨了这些指标间的相关性。结果显示,台湾泥鳅的肥满度显著高于泥鳅,其中,池塘养殖模式下的台湾泥鳅(P. dabryanus ssp. pond-cultivated, PPOC)肥满度(1.00±0.01)显著高于池塘养殖模式下的泥鳅(M. anguillicaudatus pond-cultivated, MPOC) (0.50±0.01) (P<0.05)。泥鳅的粗蛋白含量显著高于台湾泥鳅(P<0.05),而粗脂肪含量显著低于台湾泥鳅(P<0.05),其中,稻田养殖模式下的泥鳅(M. anguillicaudatus paddy-cultivated, MPAC)粗蛋白含量最高,达(21.09±0.57)%。除内聚性外,台湾泥鳅的质构特性显著高于泥鳅(P<0.05);养殖模式对2种泥鳅的形体性状有显著影响,PPOC肥满度显著高于稻田养殖模式下的台湾泥鳅(P. dabryanus ssp. paddy-cultivated, PPAC) (P<0.05),MPOC肥满度显著低于MPAC (P<0.05)。池塘养殖模式下2种泥鳅的致动脉粥样化指数和血栓形成指数显著低于稻田养殖的相同品种(P<0.05),硬度(PPOC)>硬度(PPAC),弹性(MPOC)<弹性(MPAC) (P<0.05),稻田养殖模式的2种泥鳅的谷氨酸、精氨酸、组氨酸、缬氨酸和甲硫氨酸高于池塘模式的相同品种(TAV>1)。主成分分析结果显示,形体性状与营养品质密切相关,肥满度与体长体高比呈负相关(–0.996),与质构特征、粗脂肪含量呈正相关,与水分、灰分、粗蛋白含量呈负相关。基于肥满度、质构等指标,PPOC最适合作为泥鳅加工原料。     

Effects of dietary lipids on tissue fatty acids profile,growth and reproductive performance of female rice field eel (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Monopterus albus</Emphasis>)

The effects of different lipids on tissue fatty acid profile and reproductive performance in female rice field eel were investigated in this study. Virgin female eels were fed with six diets containing different lipids (diets FO, LO, SO, PO and PL with fish oil, linseed oil, soybean oil, peanut oil and pork lard, respectively; diet APO with arachidonic acid and peanut oil). The results showed that there were positive correlations between the contents of 18:2n-6, 18:3n-3, arachidonic acid (ARA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in the tissues of eels and those of the corresponding fatty acids in their diets. The specific growth rate of eels fed with diet PO was the lowest and significantly lower than that of FO and SO. Gonad of eels fed with diets PO and PL showed hypogonadism. The long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) can be synthesized by eels, but the quantity was not enough to meet their reproduction requirement completely. The fatty acid desaturation, rather than elongation probably was one of the limiting factors. Addition of proper amount of ARA in diet was favorable to the increase of the hatching rate of fertilized eggs, while EPA and DHA in diet were beneficial to the increase of the survival rate of larva. Both n-3PUFA and a suitable n-6/n-3PUFA ratio were necessary for growth and reproduction of eels.     

Effects of essential fatty acid-deficient diets on growth, mortality, tissue histopathology and fatty acid compositions in juvenile turbot (Scophthalmus maximus)

Three diets in which the lipid component was supplied either as fish oil (FO), linseed oil (LO) or olive oil (OO) were fed to duplicate groups of juvenile turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) of initial weight 1.2 g for a period of up to 12 weeks. The latter two diets resulted in a significant reduction in specific growth rate and an increased mortality compared to the FO (control) fed fish. A liver histopathology was evident in around half of the fish fed the LO and OO diets but was absent in fish fed FO. The lesion showed indications of cellular alterations consisting of foci of densely basophilic cells but without evidence of inflammatory activity. The total lipid fatty acid composition of the carcass from fish fed LO had increased percentages of 18:2n-6 and 18:3n-3, but decreased percentages of all other polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) including the physiologically important 20:4n-6, 20:5n-3 and 22:6n-3, compared to fish fed FO. Almost 2/3 of the total fatty acids in the carcass of OO-fed fish were monounsaturated while the percentages of total saturated fatty acids and all other PUFA, except 18:2n-6, were significantly reduced compared to fish fed FO. Broadly similar effects on total lipid fatty acid composition were observed in liver. In the liver glycerophospholipid classes of fish fed LO, percentages of 18:2n-6, 18:3n-3 and 20:3n-3 were significantly increased whereas all C20 and C22 PUFA, with the exception of 20:5n-3 in PI, were significantly reduced compared to fish fed FO. The liver glycerophospholipids of fish fed OO all showed significantly increased total monounsaturates, 18:2n-6, 20:2n-6, 18:2n-9 and 20:2n-9 as well as reduced percentages of 20:4n-6 and 22:6n-3, compared to fish fed FO. The brain glycerophospholipids showed broadly similar changes in response to dietary treatment although the magnitude of fatty acid alterations was less than those observed in liver. The greater mortalities in the OO-fed fish compared to the LO-fed fish suggests that incorporation of 18:3n-3 into tissue phospholipids can offset losses of long-chain PUFA more effectively than incorporation of 18:1n-9. However, levels of dietary long-chain PUFA must be optimised to allow normal growth and development. We conclude that the very low flux through the fatty acid desaturase/elongase pathways in turbot is not up-regulated by diets deficient in 20:5n-3 and 22:6n-3.     

Lipids of arctic charr,Salvelinus alpinus (L.) I. Dietary induced changes in lipid class and fatty acid composition

Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus L.) were fed either a commercial diet or six experimental test diets containing coconut oil and different polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) at a level of 1% by dry weight. Best growth rates were observed with the commercial diet, worst with diet containing coconut oil with no PUFA. An increase in hepatic lipid, hepatic sterol esters and muscular moisture content, and a decrease in muscular lipid was generally found in fish fed the test diets compared to those maintained on the commercial diet.Phosphatidylcholine was the dominant polar lipid (PL) class in all tissues examined. Extensive modification of dietary saturated fatty acids into 18:1 (n-9) was observed in tissue triacylglycerols (TAG) of fish fed test diets. No changes occurred with the commercial diet.Dietary PUFA were essentially incorporated unchanged into tissue TAG of all fish in the present study. PUFA composition of hepatic phospholipids was significantly influenced by that contained in the diets. However both 18:2 (n-6) and 18:3 (n-3) in the test diets were extensively elongated and desaturated prior to incorporation into PL. The (n-9) PUFA content was always higher in liver of fish fed the test diets. When 18:2 (n-6) and 18:3 (n-3) were supplied together, the level of (n-3) PUFA exceeded those of (n-6) PUFA. Muscle PL were less influenced by diet than liver. In muscle (n-3) PUFA were always the predominant PUFA irrespective of diet. Only low amounts of (n-9) PUFA were found. It is suggested that (n-3) PUFA are the prime essential fatty acids for Arctic charr, and that they are used in preference to (n-6) PUFA for elongation, desaturation and incorporation into PL. The results suggest that the quantitative requirement of Arctic charr for EFA is may be higher than that of other salmonids.     

Dietary lipid and palm oil source affects growth,fatty acid composition and muscle α-tocopherol concentration of African catfish,Clarias gariepinus

The effects of various dietary lipids on the growth performance and muscle fatty acid and α-tocopherol concentrations of African catfish were examined. Seven isonitrogenous and isoenergetic semipurified diets were formulated with 10% lipid coming from either cod-liver oil (CLO), sunflower oil (SFO), refined, bleached, deodorized palm olein (RBDPO), crude palm oil (CPO), crude palm kernel oil (CPKO), or combinations of 5% CLO with either 5% of palm fatty acid distillates (PFAD) or 5% of residual oil in spent bleaching clay (SBC), respectively. Catfish fed with the CLO diet showed significantly (P<0.05) lower growth and feed utilization efficiency compared to fish fed with the other six diets after 7 weeks. The growth response among catfish fed with the other diets was not significantly different. Blending CLO with either PFAD or SBC alleviated the growth reduction observed in fish fed with diets having CLO as the sole lipid source. Dietary lipid source did not affect the whole-body composition or muscle lipid level among catfish fed with the various diets. The fatty acid and α-tocopherol concentration of muscle lipids in African catfish generally reflected the fatty acid profile and α-tocopherol concentration of the dietary oil that was fed. It was concluded that products from the palm oil industry could be successfully used in the diets for African catfish, and possibly other tropical catfish species, without negatively affecting growth and feed utilization efficiency. The availability, lower cost, low polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) content and high vitamin E concentration of palm oil make it the vegetable oil of choice for the formulation of fish feeds in tropical countries.     

Use of White Fat as a Replacement for Squid Liver Oil in Practical Diets for Surubim Pseudoplatystoma coruscans

The effect of dietary lipid on culture performance, fatty acid composition of carcass, and the liver polar lipid of surubim fingerlings Pseudoplatystoma coruscans was investigated. Five isonitrogenous (46.5% crude protein) and isolipidic (19% crude lipid) diets were formulated with squid liver oil (SLO) and white fat (pig lard-PL) as lipid sources. Diet 1 was supplemented with 12% SLO, diet 2 with 8% SLO and 4% PL, diet 3 with 6% SLO and 6% PL, diet 4 with 4% SLO and 8% PL, and diet 5 with 12% PL. Fish were fed to apparent satiation over a 64-d feeding trial. No statistically significant difference ( P >0.05) was observed in growth performance of fish. In contrast, fatty acid profile of fish carcass and liver polar lipid fraction was affected ( P 0.05) by dietary fatty acid composition. Palmitic (16:O) and the oleic (18:1n-9) acids were the major saturated and monoene fatty acids respectively found in fish carcass, independent of the lipid source in the diets. The total amount of saturated and monoene fatty acids was significantly higher ( P 0.05) in the carcass of the fish fed diets 4 and 5, than in the other fish. The concentration ( P 0.05) of eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids and the n-3/n-6 ratio in fish carcass and in polar lipid fraction of liver increased in direct proportion to the level of squid liver oil in diet. Results of this experiment clearly demonstrated that both squid liver oil and pig lard have a positive nutritive value for surubim and that it is possible to increase the n-3 to n-6 ratio in favor of n-3, without loss in the growth performance, feeding fish with a diet containing a lipid source rich in this fatty acid.     

The influence of a dietary lipid source on growth, muscle fatty acid composition and erythrocyte osmotic fragility of hybrid tilapia

An 8-week feeding trial was conducted to determine the effects of various dietary lipids on the growth, tissue proximate composition, muscle fatty acid composition and erythrocyte osmotic fragility of red hybrid tilapia, Oreochromis sp. Five isonitrogenous and isoenergetic semipurified diets were supplemented with 10% of either cod liver oil (CLO), sunflower oil (SFO), crude palm oil (CPO), crude palm kernel oil (CPKO), or a combination of 5% CLO with 5% palm fatty acid distillates (PFAD), respectively. There were no significant effects (P > 0.05) of diet on growth but fish fed the CLO diet showed a significantly (P< 0.05) poorer feed efficiency ratio compared to fish fed the CPO diet. Lipid deposition in fish muscle was mostly similar among fish fed the various diets but bone ash was significantly higher in fish fed the CPO and CPKO diets. Muscle lipids of fish fed palm oil-based diets did not increase in saturated fatty acids content but showed significantly lower polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) concentrations compared to fish fed the CLO diet. The concentrations of individual PUFA in muscle lipids were strongly influenced by dietary PUFA concentrations. Dietary lipids did not markedly affect the structural integrity of erythrocyte membranes but the erythrocytes of tilapia fed the CPO diet were slightly more resistant to osmotic lysis. It was concluded that palm oil products, especially CPO, could be successfully used in the diet of hybrid tilapia based on its availability, cheaper costs and its potential ability to enhance oxidative stability due to its low PUFA content and high natural concentrations of antioxidants.     

Replacement of Marine Feedstuffs with Stabilized Poultry Protein Meal and Fat in Practical Diets for Sunshine Bass,Morone chrysops × M. saxatilis

We evaluated production performance and fillet composition of sunshine bass fed increasing levels of stabilized poultry protein meal (PM) and poultry fat (PO) to replace menhaden fish meal (FM) and/or oil (FO) in diets. The control diet included 200 g/kg (dry matter basis) FM and 98 g/kg FO. In eight treatment diets, 50% or 100% of the FM and/or FO were replaced with PM and PO. Each diet was fed to four replicate tanks of juvenile sunshine bass for 10 wks. Survival, food conversion ratio, and liposomatic index were unaffected by dietary treatment, although consumption, growth, and HSI were reduced with complete FM replacement. Fillet lipid content and athero- and thrombogenicity indices differed with lipid source; substitution of FO with PO resulted in marked increases in dietary and fillet monoenes and n-6 fatty acids. Consistent with this, dietary and fillet n-3 and highly unsaturated fatty acids were reduced in fish fed more PO. FM replacement similarly affected fillet fatty acid profile, though to a lesser degree. Our data suggests little to no interaction between FM, FO, and their alternatives in diets for sunshine bass, except with respect to the effect of FO and residual lipids in FM on tissue fatty acid composition.     

The effect of temperature and dietary fat level on tissue lipid composition in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) fed wax ester‐rich oil from Calanus finmarchicus

Copepod oil (CO) from the marine zooplankton, Calanus finmarchicus, is a potential alternative to fish oils (FOs) for inclusion in aquafeeds. The oil is composed mainly of wax esters (WE) containing high levels of saturated fatty acids (SFAs) and monounsaturated fatty alcohols that are poorly digested by fish at low temperatures. Consequently, tissue lipid compositions may be adversely affected in salmon‐fed CO at low temperatures. This study examined the lipid and FA compositions of muscle and liver of Atlantic salmon reared at two temperatures (3 and 12 °C) and fed diets containing either FO or CO, supplying 50% of dietary lipid as WE, at two fat levels (～330 g kg^?1, high; ～180 g kg^?1, low). Fish were acclimatized to rearing temperature for 1 month and then fed one of four diets: high‐fat fish oil (HFFO), high‐fat Calanus oil (HFCO), low‐fat fish oil (LFFO) and low‐fat Calanus oil (LFCO). The fish were grown to produce an approximate doubling of initial weight at harvest (220 days at 3 °C and 67 days at 12 °C), and lipid content, lipid class composition and FA composition of liver and muscle were determined. The differences in tissue lipid composition between dietary groups were relatively small. The majority of FA in triacylglycerols (TAG) in both tissues were monounsaturated, and their levels were generally higher at 3 °C than 12 °C. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), particularly (n‐3) PUFA, predominated in the polar lipids, and their level was not significantly affected by temperature. The PUFA content of TAG was highest (～26%) in the muscle of fish fed the HFCO diet at both temperatures. Tissue levels of SFAs were lower in fish‐fed diets containing HFCO than those fed HFFO, LFFO or LFCO, particularly at 3 °C. The results are consistent with Atlantic salmon being able to incorporate both the FA and fatty alcohol components of WE into tissue lipids but, overall, the effects of environmental temperature on tissue lipids were more pronounced in fish fed the CO diets than FO diets.     

Effects of Dietary Fish Oil Replacement with Palm Oil on the Growth,Feed Utilization,Biochemical Composition,and Antioxidant Status of Juvenile Chu's Croaker,Nibea coibor

A 56‐d feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the growth performance, feed utilization, biochemical composition, and antioxidant status of chu's croaker, Nibea coibor (12.6 ± 0.1 g) in net pens fed diets supplemented with various levels of crude palm oil: 0% fish oil (FO), 20% palm oil (2PO), 40% (4PO), 60% (6PO), 80% (8PO), and 100% (10PO). Weight gain and specific growth rate (SGR) were significantly lower in fish fed 8PO and 10PO diets. The increase of PO levels did not affect fish survival, feed intake, and feed conversion ratio. Feeding diet 10PO led to significantly higher lipid content in the liver, but not the whole body and dorsal muscle, than diets FO and 2PO. PO supplementation led to increased α‐tocopherol, but decreased thiobarbituric acid‐reactive substances, n‐3 highly unsaturated fatty acid (n‐3 HUFA), and n‐3/n‐6 fatty acid ratio, in both the liver and muscle. Hepatic superoxide dismutase and catalase were significantly higher in fish fed 10PO diet than FO diet. Polynomial regression analysis showed that the maximum SGR was obtained at 24.2% crude PO. Results of this study suggested that PO could replace up to 60% of FO without adverse effect on growth performance or nutritional quality of fish.     

不同脂肪源对红螯光壳螯虾幼虾生长、消化酶活性及其肌肉生化组成的影响

通过在人工配合饲料中分别添加5%的花生油、猪油、鱼油和豆油作为主要脂肪源,以商业饲料为对照,进行8周饲喂实验,研究不同脂肪源对红螯光壳螯虾(Cherax quadricarinatus)幼虾生长、消化酶活性及其肌肉生化组成的影响。结果显示,不同脂肪源对红螯光壳螯虾幼虾的体长增长率和特定增长率影响不显著(P0.05);但增重率各组间存在显著性差异(P0.05),以豆油组最高,达到2332.93%,花生油组最低,为1839.50%;豆油组肝胰腺指数显著高于其他各组(P0.05),为0.75%。幼虾存活率以豆油组最高(P0.05),达到83.3%,鱼油组较低,仅为56.7%。不同脂肪源饲喂组的肝胰腺胃蛋白酶活力无显著差异(P0.05);脂肪酶活力花生油组显著高于其他实验组(P0.05),为1177.23U/g(prot);淀粉酶活力各组间差异显著(P0.05),由高到低依次为鱼油组、对照组、豆油组、猪油组、花生油组;纤维素酶活力以花生油组较高,为61.14U/(gprot()P0.05)。幼虾腹部肌肉中各种脂肪酸的含量明显受到饲料中脂肪酸种类和含量的影响,饱和脂肪酸含量猪油组显著高于其他组(P0.05);单不饱和脂肪酸以花生油组含量最高,豆油组最低;多不饱和脂肪酸则以豆油组含量最高(P0.05)。在各实验组中,豆油组红螯光壳螯虾幼体具有最高的体质量增长率和存活率,较高的肝胰腺指数和肝胰腺消化酶活力,豆油组幼虾腹部肌肉中多不饱和脂肪酸尤其是亚油酸和亚麻酸含量也较高。因此,以豆油作为主要脂肪源能够满足红螯光壳螯虾幼体的生长需要,获得较好的饲养效果,并降低饲料成本。