日粮中添加绿茶粉及茶多酚对罗曼蛋鸡脂质代谢的影响

选择18周龄罗曼蛋鸡为研究对象,1620只罗曼蛋鸡随机平均分成9组,每组3个水平,每个水平60只,饲养周期为98 d;对照组喂基础日粮,其他8组在日粮中添加2、4、6、8 g/kg的绿茶粉和0.5、1.0、1.5、2.0 g/kg的茶多酚,研究绿茶粉和茶多酚对罗曼蛋鸡的腿肌、胸肌、蛋及血液中胆固醇及甘油三酯的影响。经定期取样测定,结果表明,日粮中添加6、8 g/kg绿茶粉和1.5、2.0 g/kg茶多酚能降低蛋鸡机体组织和鸡蛋及血液中胆固醇和甘油三酯的含量,最大的降低趋势出现在添加后8~10周,茶多酚的效果略优于绿茶粉。本研究为开发绿茶粉在鸡饲料中的应用提供了理论基础。     

保健砂对文昌鸡产蛋性能及蛋壳品质的影响

为探讨保健砂在蛋鸡生产中的合理应用,将450只文昌鸡（24周龄蛋鸡）随机分为5组,每组90只。对照组饲喂基础日粮和添加剂,试验组饲喂基础日粮、添加剂和保健砂,各试验组添加比例分别为2％、4％、6％和8％。同期对照组与试验组Ⅳ的产蛋率、料蛋比差异均显著（P<0.05）,对照组与试验组Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ的产蛋率、料蛋比差异不显著（P>0.05）,平均蛋重、蛋壳厚度以及破损率各试验组与对照组对比差异均不显著（P>0.05）。试验结果说明饲料中添加4％～6％保健砂,有助于提高文昌鸡的产蛋率、减少饲料消耗,提高养鸡生产经济     

大气CO2浓度对茶叶品质的影响

通过开顶式气室控制CO₂浓度,对盆栽茶树进行试验测定,研究了大气CO₂浓度升高对茶叶品质成分氨基酸、茶多酚、咖啡碱、可溶性糖和主要营养元素含量的影响。结果表明,在大气CO₂浓度为550和750βμmol/mol时,与正常大气CO₂水平相比,春茶氨基酸含量下降4.5%和12.2%,夏茶氨基酸含量降低1.7%和6.7%,秋茶降幅为2.9%和10.8%;茶叶咖啡碱含量降低3.1%~4.6%和5.1%~10.7%;但茶叶茶多酚和可溶性糖含量降CO₂浓度升高而提高,茶多酚含量提高3.8%~6.0%和6.9%~11.3%,可溶性糖含量增加8.4%~14.4%和18.1%~28.2%。同时,大气CO₂浓度的升高使茶叶营养元素氮、钾、钙、磷、钠含量有不同程度降低,而锌、镁、铁含量有所增加,其中,茶叶氮、钾元素含量降低6.1%~16.3%和12.9%~22.9%,锌、镁含量分别提高5.8%~17.8%和11.3%~16.0%。     

分散固相萃取法测定黄瓜中的喹啉铜残留量

建立了分散固相萃取（d-SPE）-高效液相色谱（HPLC）分析测定黄瓜中喹啉铜残留量的方法。样品采用乙腈和0.1 mol/L盐酸混合溶液提取,C₁₈填料净化,高效液相色谱仪分离,紫外检测器检测。其色谱条件为：色谱柱SunFireC₁₈（4.6×150 mm,5 μm）,流动相为十二烷基硫酸钠磷酸盐缓冲液-乙腈（65∶35）体系,流速0.6 mL/min,检测波长250 nm。结果表明：在0.02、0.2、2 mg/kg三个添加水平下,喹啉铜回收率在92.3%~107.7%之间,相对标准偏差（RSD）在2.0%~7.7%之间。该方法操作简单、灵敏度和准确度高,能够用于黄瓜中喹啉铜的残留分析。     

破壁处理超细绿茶粉对肉鸡肉品品质和重金属残留的影响

试验选用1日龄AA肉用仔鸡480羽,随机分为5组,每组设8个重复,每个重复12羽。第1组为对照组,第2～5组分别在基础日粮中添加100、200、400、800mg/kg破壁处理超细绿茶粉,即使日粮中的茶多酚含量分别约为0、10、20、40、80mg/kg,研究其对肉鸡肉品品质和重金属残留的影响。结果表明:(1)随着超细绿茶粉的增加,肌肉pH值逐渐增加,滴水损失逐渐降低(P>0.05)。各试验组肌肉MDA含量分别降低了5.88%、5.88%、0.59%、11.76%(P>0.05);各试验组肌肉组织中VE的沉积量分别增加了63.01%、0.34%、95.54%、3.08%;3、4、5组,肝脏组织维生素E沉积量分别提高了3.37%、55.03%、44.53%。(2)破壁处理超细绿茶粉有降低铅和镉在肝脏中的残留(P>0.05),但对铅和镉在肌肉的残留无影响。     

黄秋葵叶粉对海兰褐蛋鸡部分生产性能及蛋品质的影响

研究了黄秋葵叶粉对产蛋高峰期海兰褐蛋鸡部分生产性能和蛋品质的影响，旨在找出最适宜添加量，为进一步开发新型天然饲料添加剂奠定基础。试验组黄秋葵叶粉添加量分别为3％（T3）、4％（T4）、5％（T5）、6％（T6），对照组为不添加黄秋葵叶粉组（0％，T0）。试验共进行12周，预饲期1周。结果表明：试验组蛋重较对照组均有不同程度的提高，T3、T4组的产蛋率、产蛋量比对照组有所提高，T4、T5组采食量和T4组的料蛋比较对照组有所降低；各试验组在试验鸡蛋黄的着色效果均较对照组有显著提高（p＜0.05）；各试验组哈     

茶多酚对大豆胰蛋白酶抑制因子诱导氧化应激的抑制作用

为研究茶多酚对大豆胰蛋白酶抑制因子(STI)诱导的小鼠氧化应激的抑制作用,设3个处理,每组12只清洁级雄性小鼠,第1组为正常对照组,饲喂基础日粮;第2组为模型组(STI组),饲喂添加STI的日粮,第3组为茶多酚组(TP组),饲喂添加STI和茶多酚的日粮。21 d后处死小鼠,测定其氧化及抗氧化指标的变化。结果表明:STI组小鼠由于STI诱导了氧化应激,造成胰腺和血清中的MDA含量均显著升高(P0.05);而添加茶多酚的TP组,其胰腺中MDA含量较STI组显著降低(P0.05),胰腺和血清中T-SOD、T-AOC、CAT、GSH和GSH-Px值较STI组均有不同程度的升高。研究表明,茶多酚有效抑制了STI诱导的氧化应激,削弱了自由基的氧化作用,并有效增强了机体的抗氧化能力。     

传统SMB、Varicol和Partial-discard工艺分离纯化ECG和EGCG的比较研究

使用B型三带模拟移动床技术,以C₁₈键合硅胶为固定相,乙醇与水（20︰80,V/V）为流动相,分别采取传统SMB工艺、Varicol工艺和Partial-discard工艺分离98%的茶多酚（TP98）。以得到高纯度和高回收率的ECG和EGCG为目标,分别优化柱配置、切换时间、进样流速、冲洗流速。结果表明,采用Varicol工艺能得到纯度为91.33%的ECG,回收率为91.41%;采用Partial-discard工艺能得到纯度为90.12%的EGCG,回收率为97.83%。相对于传统模拟移动床,Varicol工艺具有提高产品纯度和回收率的优点,Partial-discard工艺具有提高收集液浓度和产品纯度的优点。     

乙酰化蛋黄果多糖及其抗氧化活性研究

蛋黄果（Lucuma nervosa A. DC）乙酰化修饰多糖的抗氧活性优于未修饰多糖,通过分析乙酰化蛋黄果多糖的乙酰化度、红外光谱和形貌特征,阐明引起抗氧活性提升的原因。试验采用超声波辅助法提取蛋黄果果肉粗多糖,用三氯乙酸法除去蛋白质得到多糖。选取3份0.50 g多糖加入20% NaOH溶液溶解,分别加入1、3、5 mL乙酸酐,得到3种取代度（0.237±0.05、0.275±0.07、0.228±0.04）的乙酰化蛋黄果果肉多糖,评价其清除DPPH自由基、OH自由基和ABTS自由基的能力。结果表明,乙酸酐添加量由少到多时,蛋黄果多糖乙酰基取代度先显著升高,后趋于平缓下降。乙酰化蛋黄果多糖的红外光谱显示了3417 cm^-1（-OH）、2950 cm^-1（-CH）处的伸缩振动和1636 cm^-1处的（-OH）转动振动,1738 cm^-1处出现酯基C=O的伸缩振动吸收峰,表明乙酰化已经成功接入。扫描电镜结果显示,未经乙酰化的蛋黄果多糖表面相对光滑平整,呈片状结构;乙酰化修饰多糖分子间交联增强,构象发生了变化,变为表面形状不规则,出现很多空隙且表面粗糙。3种乙酰化蛋黄果多糖中DHG-Ac2（3 mL醋酐）清除效果最好,在浓度1.0 mg/mL时,DPPH清除能力、ABTS自由基清除率、OH自由基清除率分别为91.37%、58.73%、56.36%,分别高于蛋黄果多糖10.0%、43.7%、25.3%。这是引入的乙酰基能活化多糖链中的异头碳,使多糖的供氢能力提升,继而提升乙酰化蛋黄果多糖的抗氧化作用。本研究为海南产蛋黄果多糖的深入开发与抗氧化应用提供了基础研究数据。     

超高效液相色谱-串联四级杆质谱联用法测定甘蔗中噻虫胺 的残留

本研究建立了超高效液相色谱串联质谱（UPLC-MS/MS）法检测甘蔗中噻虫胺残留量的方法。甘蔗植株、茎 秆及嫩稍样品经乙腈-水（V∶V=2∶1）提取,Envi-Carb 复合 PSA 固相萃取小柱净化,ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 色谱 柱分离,电喷雾正离子源（ESI+ ）多反应监测（MRM）模式检测,外标法定量。结果表明：采用 Envi-Carb 固相萃取 小柱,以乙腈为淋洗液,在小柱中添加 PSA 净化效果最好。在甘蔗植株、茎秆及嫩稍中分别添加 0.04、0.4、1 mg/kg 噻虫胺,平均回收率为 81.4%~109.1%,相对标准偏差（RSD）为 0.9%~10.9%。该方法的最小检出量为 0.4 ng,在甘蔗 中的最低检出浓度（LOD）为 0.04 mg/kg,能满足农药残留检测的要求。     

Comparison of four induced molting methods based on subsequent performance and welfare of Single Comb White Leghorn hens

A total of 400 Single Comb White Leghorn hens at 80 weeks of age were used in present study. Four treatment groups that were consisted of six replications with 10 hens per each replication were considered. In the first treatment, food and water were removed for the first 2, 4, 6 and 8 days. However, on days 3, 5, 7, 9 and on day 10 until day 28 hens were fed 45 g of food per hen (ON-OFF group). In the second and third groups, food was withdrawn for 10, 14 days, respectively and oyster shell and water were provided for ad libitum until day 28 (California and North Carolina treatments (CAL, NC groups)). The last group (full-food treatments (FF group)) was the hens that were non-food-deprived and were fed corn molt diet for 28 days ad libitum. In all treatment groups at day 29, hens were returned to a full food layer ration and received 16 h of light day(-1). Body weight, egg production, egg weight, relative eggshell weight, internal egg quality, egg specific gravity and mortality were determined. Differential leukocyte count and antibody response were also measured. The results demonstrated that induced molting increased egg production according to pre-molt egg production. There was not a significant difference in the rate of egg production during the peak period of post molt production for treatments. No significant differences were detected in differential leukocyte counts and antibody response against Sheep Red Blood Cell (SRBC) between treatments at pre molt and post molt of the experiment. This study indicated that diets with high corn level (FF groups) are effective and simplified nonfood removal procedure for welfare molting hens.     

Effects of amylose and wheat bran on the levels of blood serum urea nitrogen (BUN), other blood parameters,growth and fecal characteristics in rats

A basal diet (containing 20% soybean protein isolate) was supplemented with limiting amino acids (AA, methionine, threonine and tryptophan); wheat bran (WB, 24.3%); amylose (AM, 10%) or a combination of AA and WB or AM to investigate their effects on the levels of blood serum urea nitrogen (BUN), other blood parameters, growth and fecal characteristics in young rats. After 3 weeks feeding, supplementation of the basal diet with AA or WB resulted in improved growth (gain/food ratio) while the addition of AM had no effect on rat growth. Addition of WB to the basal diet had no effect on BUN while the addition of AA and AM caused about 20 and 12% reduction in BUN values, respectively. Rats fed the AA-AM diet had the lowest BUN values (42% lower than those fed the basal diet). Fresh volume, fresh weight, moisture and dry weight of feces in rats fed the WB diets were about four to five fold higher than in those fed the AM diets. The results suggested that BUN may not be a good predictor of growth and protein quality in diets containing AM or a source of dietary fiber (WB).     

The hypocholesterolemic and antioxidative effect of dietary diosgenin and chromium chloride supplementation on high-cholesterol fed Japanese quails

The current study investigated the effect of natural diosgenin extracted from fenugreek seeds, in comparison with the pure standard diosgenin, plus chromium chloride (CrCl3) supplementation on high-cholesterol fed Japanese quails. Quails were randomly divided into four groups. Group one (n = 25) fed experimental diet only (control; contained basal diet supplemented with 1% cholesterol), group 2 (n = 20) fed experimental diet supplemented with CrCl3 only (400 microg kg(-1) of body weight), groups 3 and 4 (n = 30 per group) were fed experimental diet supplemented with either 0.5% (w/w) of extracted diosgenin plus CrCl3 or pure standard diosgenin (0.5%) plus CrCl3 respectively, for 12 days. Blood samples were collected at days 0 and 12 for measuring levels of lipid profile. The work was carried out at Applied Science University and Amman University, Amman, Jordan during the period from October 2009 through October 2010. The mean levels of total cholesterol (TC) in control quails at d12 was significantly (p < 0.01) increased compare to those at d0. Supplementation of diet with CrCl3 alone or CrCl3 with diosgenin either extracted or pure standard for 12 days showed a significant (p < 0.01) decrease in TC and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels as compared to those in the control quails. While, high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) increased significantly (p < 0.01) in quails supplemented with diosgenin and CrCl3. At d12, the mean Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) activities in erythrocytes of quails in all supplemented groups was significantly (p < 0.01) increased as compared to those in control group and was more pronounced in erythrocytes of quails supplemented with pure standard diosgenin plus CrCl3. These results indicated that the combined diosgenin and CrCl3 supplementation to high-cholesterol fed quails might induce a protective effect by both regulating lipid and antioxidative damage.     

Effect of plant fruits – Indian gall nut,bedda nut and gooseberry – on hypercholesterolemic rats

The effect of supplementation of three fruits, Indian gall nut, bedda nut and gooseberry, on serum lipid levels and excretion of bile acids was investigated. Rats made hypercholesterolemic by feeding hypercholesterolemia inducing diet (HID) for a period of 30 days were used as the test model. Feeding of a dried powder of these fruits along with the HID resulted in significant (p<0.01) reduction in total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and triglycerides. HDL cholesterol remained unchanged in groups fed gall nut and bedda nut. However, the levels were significantly (p<0.01) higher in groups fed mixed and gooseberry diets in comparison to the control diet. Excretion of bile acids was found to be significantly (p<0.01) higher in animals receiving the three fruits in combination in comparison to those receiving the individual fruits.     

Dietary Supplementation of Astaxanthin Improved the Growth Performance,Antioxidant Ability and Immune Response of Juvenile Largemouth Bass (Micropterus salmoides) Fed High-Fat Diet

High-fat diet (HFD) usually induces oxidative stress and astaxanthin is regarded as an excellent anti-oxidant. An 8-week feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary astaxanthin supplementation on growth performance, lipid metabolism, antioxidant ability, and immune response of juvenile largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) fed HFD. Four diets were formulated: the control diet (10.87% lipid, C), high-fat diet (18.08% lipid, HF), and HF diet supplemented with 75 and 150 mg kg⁻¹ astaxanthin (HFA1 and HFA2, respectively). Dietary supplementation of astaxanthin improved the growth of fish fed HFD, also decreased hepatosomatic index and intraperitoneal fat ratio of fish fed HFD, while having no effect on body fat. Malondialdehyde content and superoxide dismutase activity were increased in fish fed HFD, astaxanthin supplementation in HFD decreased the oxidative stress of fish. The supplementation of astaxanthin in HFD also reduced the mRNA levels of Caspase 3, Caspase 9, BAD, and IL15. These results suggested that dietary astaxanthin supplementation in HFD improved the growth performance, antioxidant ability and immune response of largemouth bass.     

Bioavailability of tryptophan in selected foods by rat growth assay

Tryptophan bioavailabilities were estimated in 16 protein sources using 10 day rat growth assays with casein as the reference protein. Growth responses of rats fed test food diets were compared to growth responses of rats fed basal diets with graded levels of tryptophan ranging from 50 to 100 mg of tryptophan/100 g diet. Estimates of tryptophan availabilities were 85–100% for all products except whole wheat cereal (73%) and pinto beans (59%). Results of a previous study on lysine availability indicated that poor response to pinto beans was due either to poor digestibility or to the presence of some unidentified growth inhibitor.     

茶色素对胰岛素抵抗大鼠胰岛素受体的影响

探讨茶色素对胰岛素抵抗大鼠红细胞胰岛素受体的影响。将50只清洁级SD大鼠随机分成对照组、高脂组和低中高剂量茶色素干预组。高脂组和茶色素干预组以高脂饲料饲喂8周诱发肥胖致胰岛素抵抗模型,茶色素干预组再给予0.1、0.2g/(kgbw·d)和0.4g/(kgbw·d)剂量茶色素灌胃8周,实验结束后采血测定红细胞胰岛素受体水平,同时测定血糖、血胰岛素、血FFA及血痩素。与对照组相比,高脂组空腹胰岛素、痩素和FFA明显升高(P<0.05),而红细胞高亲和力受体数目明显降低(P<0.05),与高脂组相比,中高剂量茶色素干预组空腹胰岛素、痩素和FFA明显降低(P<0.05),而红细胞高亲和力胰岛素受体数目明显升高(P<0.05)。说明茶色素干预可提高胰岛素抵抗大鼠胰岛素高亲和力受体数目,其机制可能与降低痩素和FFA水平间接提高受体数目或直接作用于受体基因调节元件有关     

大豆凝集素处理对肉仔鸡生长性能及小肠发育的影响

选用1日龄健康艾维茵肉仔鸡,从7日龄开始,分别进行饲喂基础日粮(对照组)和基础日粮添加大豆凝集素处理,以研究不同大豆凝集素添加水平对肉仔鸡生长性能、小肠发育的影响。结果表明:日粮中添加不同水平的大豆凝集素显著降低了肉仔鸡的平均日采食量(P0.05);0.05%和0.10%大豆凝集素添加组肉仔鸡的平均日增重、绝对增重和相对增重无显著影响(P0.05);肉仔鸡小肠长度和重量随着日粮中大豆凝集素添加水平的升高而呈线性增加,日粮中添加0.10%大豆凝集素显著增加了肉仔鸡的小肠长度及重量。研究结果提示,日粮中添加不同水平大豆凝集素,影响了肉仔鸡生长性能和小肠发育,对动物产生了抗营养作用。