Cutaneous and nasal protothecosis in a goat

A case of protothecosis is reported in an adult goat with inspiratory dyspnea and stertor. Dermatitis with prominent ulcerated nodules up to 3 cm in diameter was observed in the muzzle at the mucocutaneous junctions of nasal and lip skin, and in the border of the pinna. Histologic lesions were necrotizing pyogranulomatous dermatitis and rhinitis with myriads of walled sporangia, characteristic of Prototheca wickerhamii. This seems to be the first report of protothecosis in a goat.     

山羊痘的病理形态学观察

对发生在贵州省的山羊痘进行了病理形态学观察.山羊痘以全身皮肤、呼吸道及消化道粘膜出现痘疹为特征.皮肤疹最初为红斑,红斑肿胀隆起形成结节状丘疹,然后丘疹发生凝固性坏死,脱落而形成痂皮.组织学检查早期皮肤病变可见充血,水肿和多量的巨噬细胞和中性白细胞浸润,随着病变的发展可见更多的巨噬细胞,淋巴细胞,浆细胞和一些体积较大的所谓"山羊痘细胞"出现.在真皮的病变细胞和痘细胞中可见嗜酸性胞浆内包涵体.引起水肿和坏死的血管炎常伴有血栓和梗死.上皮的变化包括棘细胞增生,空泡变性,不全角化,过度角化和坏死等.其他器官的病变也有相似的细胞浸润和血管炎变化.但发生在上呼吸道及上消化道时常出现溃疡.透射电镜观察在感染的皮肤和肺上皮细胞的胞浆内发现有大量不同成熟阶段的典型的山羊痘病毒颗粒.受感染的细胞除可见胞浆内散在的病毒颗粒或形成病毒包涵体外,通常可见细胞水肿、线粒体肿胀、内质网和高尔基复合体扩张.     

Isolation, expansion, and differentiation of goat adipose-derived stem cells

A goat adipose-derived stem cell (ADSC) line was established and compared to a rat line. Goat ADSC cells had normal diploidy after subculture. Proliferation of goat ADSCs was faster than rat cells in the same conditions. Both rat and goat ADSCs stained positively for vimentin, CD49d, CD44 and CD13, but stained negatively for CD34 and CD106. Bone nodules were apparent, and alizarin staining was positive after osteogenic induction. Cells expressing osteocalcin were positive by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining. After osteogenic induction, ossification nodules of goat ADSCs were larger than in rats, with dense ALP staining. Adipogenic induction resulting in lipid droplets and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPARγ2) expression were observed. Cartilage lacunae were formed and COL2A1 was expressed. More cartilage lacunae with better morphology were seen following differentiation of goat ADSC's using the hang-drop method. For goat ADSCs, results with both adherent-induced and hanging-drop induced cultures were better than for three-dimensional cultures.     

The use of avermectins in two goats with demodicosis

This case report describes the treatment of demodicosis (Demodex caprae) in 2 goats. The entire body surface of both goats was scattered with lens-large nodes from which pasty secretion emptied itself during palpation. One goat was administered 0.67 mg/kg Ivermectin orally once weekly for 12 weeks, the other goat was treated with 0.5 mg/kg Eprinomectin pour-on. The treatment led to an entire healing without any scar formation or depigmentations of the skin.     

基于UniGene寻找山羊新的miRNA及其试验验证

根据miRNA进化的保守性,以已知动物的miRNA为搜索序列与山羊的UniGene进行BLAST比对,预测山羊新的miRNA,并通过RT-PCR和克隆测序进行验证。对新发现的山羊miRNA进行实时荧光定量,检测其在12个月皮肤及肌肉中的表达量;用基于UniGene的方法获得了5条山羊miRNA候选分子,通过RT-PCR和克隆测序验证,发现这5条miRNA分子在山羊的皮肤和肌肉中均有表达,其中由chi-miR-374b、chi-miR-421和chi-miR-421*构成了山羊miRNA基因簇,chi-miR-2284n是牛和山羊特异的。实时荧光定量结果显示,chi-miR-1839、chi-miR-374b和chi-miR-2284n在2月份皮肤中的表达量明显高于其他月份,chi-miR-421和chi-miR-421*在10月份皮肤中的表达量最高;发现了5条山羊新的miRNA(chi-miR-2284n、chi-miR-421*、chi-miR-421、chi-miR-1839和chi-miR-374b,登录号:JQ002550-JQ002554),补充了山羊miRNA数据库的不足。     

KAP6基因家族成员在胚胎期山羊皮肤中的表达

为研究KAP6家族成员在内蒙古阿尔巴斯白绒山羊胚胎期皮肤毛囊中的表达,在体外合成用地高辛标记的阿尔巴斯白绒山羊KAP6基因家族成员的cRNA探针,通过原位杂交法在山羊皮肤组织切片上进行定位,检测KAP6 mRNA在绒山羊胚胎期皮肤组织中的表达情况.结果发现,KAP6mRNA在初级毛囊和次级毛囊的皮质层有强烈的表达信号,表明KAP6是绒山羊毛和绒皮质蛋白的组成成分,是皮质层中起角质化作用的重要蛋白质,直接参与了绒毛和粗毛的合成,对毛发的理化性质有重要作用.     

Study on ectoparasitic defects of processed skins at Sheba Tannery,Tigray, Northern Ethiopia

Study on ectoparasitic skin defects and their impact on the tanning industry was carried out from November 2008 to March 2009. The objectives of the study were to identify the type of skin defects due to ectoparasitic skin diseases that caused downgrading and rejection of pickled sheep and wet blue goat skins at Sheba tannery. A cross-sectional study of pickled and wet blue goat skins processed in Sheba tannery was used as subjects of the study. Accordingly, 700 pickled sheep and 700 wet blue goat skins from each stage were randomly examined to identify the type of skin damage in the tannery. Each selected skin was sorted by size and examined for defects in natural light by skin selectors, and defects on each skin were recorded, and skins were graded into seven grades. The study revealed that scratch was the dominant defect with prevalences of 43.86% and 44.84%, respectively. The prevalence of defect observed in wet blue goat skins due to demodectic mange was 7.74%, while in pickled sheep skins, this was 0%. There was a statistically significant difference (P < 0.05) in the prevalence of cockle (“ekek”) lesions between pickled sheep skin and wet blue goat skin. Although significant association (P < 0.05) was observed between cockle and scratch on both skin types, no association (P > 0.05) was seen between scratch and scar.     

Cryptococcus neoformans and Mycobacterium bovis causing granulomatous pneumonia in a goat.

An adult Blanca-Celtibérica doe originating from a goat herd with a high prevalence of tuberculosis was presented with respiratory signs. At necropsy, this goat had a diffuse and severe mycotic pneumonia associated with the presence of Cryptococcus neoformans concomitant with pulmonary focal caseous nodules from which Mycobacterium bovis was isolated. Microscopically, the mycotic lesion was a granulomatous pneumonia with many large foamy macrophages containing intracellular yeast bodies. The extensive mycotic changes, their granulomatous nature, and the lack of positive response to different immunologic tests for mycobacterial infection suggested an impaired immune status in this animal.     

新疆伊犁州首起牛结节性皮肤病疫情的诊断及处置

2019年8月,在新疆伊犁州察布查尔县、伊宁市、霍城县的牛群中发现牛皮肤上长满大小不等的肿胀结节,伴有体温升高等临床症状,并有1头牛死亡.随后专家赶赴现场开展临床诊断和流行病学调查.根据病牛临床症状和剖检变化,初步判定为牛结节性皮肤病(LSD);采集发病牛样品,包括各种皮肤结节和血清,并采集肺脏、脾脏、淋巴结等脏器,送...     

Severe persistent orf in young goats.

Orf (contagious ecthyma) is a viral disease of small and wild ruminants, humans, and less frequently other species. In sheep and goats, the disease is characterized by the formation of vesiculo-proliferative lesions in the skin of lips and nostril. Here, a form of generalized orf in 16 goat kids from 2 different locations in west Texas is described. The disease was characterized by multifocal, severe, proliferative dermatitis that persisted from about 2 months of age until the goat kids were euthanized 3 months later. All affected goats were Boer or Boer crosses under 1 year of age. The mean immunoglobulin concentration in sera of affected goats was elevated compared with healthy control goats. Severe to moderate lymphadenomegaly of the nodes draining the areas of the skin affected with orf lesions was present in all 16 goat kids. Suppurative arthritis, chronic fibrinous pneumonia, and premature thymic involution were found in 3, 5, and 7 of the goat kids, respectively. The skin lesions of 3 goat kids were infested with larvae of the opportunistic black garbage fly (Ophira sp.). The orf virus was identified in skin lesions by isolation in Marbin-Darby ovine kidney cells, electron microscopy, and amplification of viral DNA by polymerase chain reaction. The orf virus was not detected in peripheral blood or lymph node mononuclear cells of any of the goats. Cross-neutralization experiments showed that an ovine orf virus antiserum raised in sheep was more effective in neutralizing a sheep orf virus isolate than a caprine orf virus isolate. The clinical and epidemiological characteristics of these orf cases may be the result of susceptibility factors within some individuals of the Boer breed of goats.     

Staphylococcus pseudintermedius infection associated with nodular skin lesions and systemic inflammatory response syndrome in a dog

A 10-year-old Pekingese dog with atopic dermatitis was referred due to pyrexia, multiple skin nodules, anorexia, and depression. The dog was diagnosed as having systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) induced by bacterial dermatitis. This case presents diagnosis and treatment of SIRS with staphylococcal skin infection in a dog that was immunosuppressed due to long-term use of corticosteroid.     

Perceptions of households on purpose of keeping,trait preference,and production constraints for selected goat types in Ethiopia

A study was carried out to understand the needs and perception of goat keepers in selected areas of Ethiopia in order to identify the breeding objectives, traits of preference, and production constraints that may be required in designing improvement programs. The study was conducted in three districts (Bati, Meta, and Kebri-Beyah) representing the lowland crop–livestock (LLCL), highland cereal–livestock (HLCL), and pastoral/agropastoral (P/AP) systems, respectively. The study targeted the three goat types (Bati, Hararghe Highland, and Short-eared Somali) found in Ethiopia. Households in all systems considered meat production, milk production, and income generation as major purpose of keeping goats. However, those in the low rainfall and arid environments of P/AP systems gave high ranking to adaptability to harsh environments and also to building social and religious values. In LLCL and HLCL systems, goat skin and manure were more valued than in P/AP systems. Principally, in P/AP systems, the awareness of households to skin utilization and marketing was very low. Despite diverse multiple breeding objectives identified, household breeding practices were affected by constraints related to disease prevalence, feed shortage and water scarcity, and lack of awareness on skin management, utilization, and marketing. Thus, designing and implementing of sustainable goat improvement programs is an overriding priority and should take into account the breeding objectives and knowledge of goat keepers in all production systems. Along with the breed improvement, a strategy should also be devised to enhance the utilization and marketing of goat skin at all levels of production.     

Localization of the candidate genes ELOVL5 and SCD1 for 'male effect' pheromone synthesis in goats (Capra hircus)

The 'male effect' is a well-known phenomenon in female sheep and goats, whereby pheromone-induced activation of reproductive function occurs. In a previous study, we showed that the genes for elongation of long-chain fatty acids family member 5 (ELOVL5) and stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1) increased their expression significantly, concomitant with induction of pheromone synthesis. Therefore, these genes were considered to be prime candidate genes for pheromone synthesis. In the present study, we performed in situ hybridization to investigate where these two genes are expressed in goat skin. Strong positive signals were detected for both genes in the head skin of the male goat, which is the main site of pheromone production, and were mainly in the basal layer of the sebaceous gland cells, with the remaining cells showing negligible signals. None of the cells in the rump skin of the male goat or the head skin of the orchidectomized goat, neither of which produce pheromone, exhibited strong positive signals. The present study demonstrates that expression of these two candidate genes for pheromone synthesis is primarily localized in the sebaceous glands of the pheromone-producing skin region.     

Toxoplasmosis II. Studies of Animal Sera Using Complement-Fixation Tests

Serological studies were performed in guinea pigs, a sheep, calf, goat and two pigs experimentally infected with toxoplasmosis. The direct complement-fixation method was effective in detecting antibodies in guinea-pig, goat and sheep sera. The modified complement-fixation technique supplementing complement with normal bovine serum fraction, was required when testing bovine serum. With swine sera best reactions occurred in the indirect complement-fixation test and definite but low grade reactions were produced in the direct test after pro-complementary activity was removed by pH treatment of the sera.

Allergic skin reactions were produced in the experimental animals but improvement in the antigen is necessary before the test could be used generally in the field as a diagnostic method for animal toxoplasmosis.

     

Feline cutaneous toxoplasmosis: a case report

A 9-year-old female, domestic short hair cat was presented with sudden onset of polyuria/polydipsia, and hundreds of cutaneous nodules. Prior to referral, the cat had had four skin nodules that were treated with steroids. The four skin nodules then multiplied to form more than 100 ulcerated and nonulcerated nodules located all over the trunk. Clinical evaluation revealed hypothermia and respiratory distress. Cytology from both skin nodules and bronchoalveolar lavage showed macrophages and small organisms whose shape and size were indicative of Toxoplasma spp., or similar organisms. Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) and feline leukaemia virus (FeLV) serology results were negative. The cat was seropositive for Toxoplasma (IgG 1 : 640) and Neospora (1 : 80) infections. The cat died soon after referral. Necropsy revealed pyothorax, necrotic/purulent pneumonia, haemorrhagic spots on kidneys and mesentery. Histopathology from skin nodules showed diffuse, deep necrotic dermatitis/panniculitis, vasculitis and disseminated free and grouped protozoa. The parasites were found in lungs, spleen, kidneys and liver. Immunohistochemistry on skin tissue with anti-Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum antibodies gave positive results with both. Electron microscopy showed single and grouped tachyzoites with morphological features of T. gondii, often within macrophages. Samples of cutaneous nodules and bronchoalveolar fluid were examined by a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay for detecting apicomplexa coccidia. PCR results were consistent only with T. gondii infection. Therefore, immunohistochemistry positivity for N. caninum was considered a cross-reaction and a diagnosis of cutaneous and visceral toxoplasmosis was made.     

山羊痘病毒NM株的分离鉴定

从内蒙古牛场疑似山羊痘病毒感染的病羊中分离到1株病毒,命名为NM株。取病羊的皮肤痘疹和水疱作病料样品,分别接种BHK-21传代细胞和10日龄SPF鸡胚。结果表明,BHK-21细胞出现了明显的、规律的细胞病变,鸡胚接种部位出现了明显的痘斑;NM株细胞毒和胚毒均能够被山羊痘病毒阳性血清所抑制。利用1对山羊痘病毒特异性检测引物对NM株病毒进行PCR扩增,获得445 bp片段,与预期大小一致。将扩增产物提纯后克隆至pMD18-T载体,经酶切鉴定正确后,对阳性克隆株进行序列测定,结果表明,NM株的基因片段与已发表的山羊痘病毒毒株的相应基因片段具有高度同源性,同源性在99.2%~100%之间。     

山羊可溶型干细胞因子mRNA在不同毛色皮肤组织中的表达水平简

为探讨可溶性干细胞因子（stem cell factor, SCF）基因表达水平与山羊毛色间的相关性,本试验利用实时荧光定量PCR（QRT-PCR）技术研究了SCF基因mRNA在黑色和白色山羊皮肤中的表达量,并对结果进行统计分析。经内参基因校正后,黑色山羊皮肤中可溶型SCF的相对表达量是白色山羊相对表达量的0.27倍（P>0.05）。可溶型SCF mRNA表达量可能与山羊毛色表型不存在相关性。     

Disseminated Rhodococcus equi in an Anglo‐Nubian goat

Disseminated Rhodococcus equi infection was diagnosed in an Anglo‐Nubian goat presenting for non‐weight bearing lameness of the right pelvic limb. Radiographs showed a moth‐eaten osteolytic lesion in the proximal tibia suggestive of an aggressive bone lesion. Two pulmonary nodules were also present on thoracic radiographs. Initial antemortem cytology of the tibial lesion was suggestive of Rhodococcosis and the goat was sent to necropsy. Necropsy and bacterial culture confirmed the diagnosis of disseminated R. equi infection in the right tibia, lungs, and liver.     

Corynebacterium folliculitis in a horse

A 7-year-old Thoroughbred was examined for evaluation of mildly pruritic multiple skin lesions that had progressed from nodules to alopecia and crusts. Folliculitis caused by Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis was diagnosed by bacterial culture. Oral treatment with a trimethoprimsulfadiazine paste resulted in resolution of all lesions, with normal hair regrowth.     

Cutaneous collagen nodules in a dog

A 16-month-old German short-haired pointer was examined because of the development of multiple nodules (0.5-3 cm diameter) in the skin of the head, back, sternum and limbs. The nodules were first noticed when the dog was 8 weeks of age. At no time did the animal show clinical signs of a systemic disease. Histology and electron microscopy revealed that the nodules were composed of irregular bundles of dense collagen fibres and the constituent fibrils had a distribution of diameters similar to that expected in normal skin. Immunofluorescence tests for immunoglobulin (IgG) and complement (C3) showed no deposits of these in the skin and the serum antinuclear antibody test was negative. It was concluded that the nodules were collagenous naevi.