鸡毒支原体(MG)疫苗株和野毒株的PCR鉴定

针对由于鸡毒支原体(Mycoplasma gallisepticum, MG)不同毒株(针对TS-11、6/85、F株疫苗株和S6、R株野毒株)的特定序列,设计出特异性检测引物,对临床免疫MG疫苗株TS-11的鸡群以及父母代(A～H场)鸡群和祖代(I场)鸡群采集毛蛋气囊拭子,A场父母代种鸡群和I场祖代鸡群同时采集咽喉拭子进行MG的PCR鉴别诊断,对临床送检免疫6/85的客户鸡群(J场)采集病料,F株疫苗株进行MG的鉴别诊断,同时采集SPF鸡群咽喉拭子作为阴性对照群,验证该鉴别引物的特异性。结果显示:鉴别引物具有非常好的特异性,SPF鸡群MG的检测均为阴性,不存在假阳性的弊端;临床免疫MG疫苗株6/85的鸡群(J场)存在MG野毒株S6的感染,在免疫后1个月左右采集病料中仍能检出MG 6/85疫苗株。对免疫TS-11的父母代种鸡群(A～H场)和祖代种鸡群(I场)死亡的毛蛋气囊拭子,用PCR检测MG阳性率,结果显示:祖代鸡群(I场)后代死亡的毛蛋气囊评估结果为优,毛蛋气囊拭子MG的PCR鉴别引物检测均为阴性;而父母代鸡群后代死亡的毛蛋气囊从50周龄开始出现浑浊,MG的PCR鉴别引物可同时检出TS-11疫苗毒和野毒株,部分鸡群同时存在R株和S6株两种野毒感染;采集A场父母代种鸡群的咽喉拭子和后代啄壳死亡毛蛋气囊拭子,PCR检测结果显示种鸡群和后代可同时检出野毒株S6和疫苗株TS-11。这表明种鸡群MG的感染,可通过垂直传播感染其后代。本研究设计的MG鉴别引物,可将不同MG疫苗株(TS-11、F株、6/85)与野毒株(S6株、R株)区分,为临床MG的鉴别诊断和种鸡群的MG感染状态评估提供积极的指导意义。     

哈伯德曾祖代鸡支原体净化状态的维持和检测

山东益生种畜禽公司于2016年从法国引进4 000套哈伯德白羽肉鸡曾祖代,鉴于国内鸡群的支原体感染率较高,为保障曾祖代鸡群的阴性状态,单独设计了严格的生物安全隔离与多项控制措施,并持续进行血清学和病原学跟踪监测评估。曾祖代种鸡群未免疫鸡毒支原体(MS)疫苗,监测MS血清抗体和种鸡咽喉拭子;因免疫过鸡滑液囊支原体(MG)弱毒和灭活疫苗,无法通过检测血清抗体和种鸡咽喉拭子来评估鸡群MG感染状态,而采用PCR方法检测后代雏鸡和孵化后啄壳死亡毛蛋的气囊拭子进行评估。从1~58周龄共采集血清19次,合计1 140份样品,结果显示MS抗体检测均为阴性。在4~58周龄期间,2个鸡舍共采集14次,合计840份咽喉棉拭子,PCR扩增MS病原均为阴性。为了评估MS和MG的垂直传播,采集和观察30~55周龄期间9批270只1日龄的后代雏鸡气囊,同时采集后代孵化后啄壳死亡的313个毛蛋的气囊,雏鸡和毛蛋均未发现气囊浑浊现象,MS和MG PCR检测也均为阴性。在整个约60周的生产期中鸡群一直保持MS和MG无感染状态。结果表明,在国内的环境条件下,只要采取严格的生物安全隔离预防措施,种鸡群可完全实现并维持MS和MG净化状态。     

家禽生产中的问题与解决办法

2010年对于孵化厂和鸡场来讲都是非常艰难的一年。在孵化厂,毛蛋率高达7%~8%;部分毛蛋表现为14~18日龄死亡;部分毛蛋虽已发育成熟,但是不能啄壳或啄壳后死亡。解剖发现,未发育完     

毛蛋的营养成分

啄壳未出的鸡胚,即入孵21天后未出小鸡的死胚蛋,通常叫做毛蛋。在民间不少人选做特殊食品。为了充分利用这部分鸡胚,我们进行了毛蛋营养成分的常规分析。(见炭)。经测定毛蛋所含蛋     

肉鸡气囊炎防控新思路

1临床流行特点1.1支原体引起的气囊炎往往发生于有长期呼吸道症状的鸡群,特别是20~25日龄之后,表现为鸡群甩鼻、呼噜、气喘等,但是大群打盹鸡很少,零星死亡。死亡鸡只多为胸气囊浑浊、有黄色干酪样物或有气泡粘附在气囊上，此时腹腔内有大量气泡出现。     

如何防止发育正常鸡胚啄壳前的死亡

在孵化生产中，常遇到孵化最后几天鸡胚大批死亡的情况，给生产者造成很大损失。根据解剖健康鸡雏、弱雏和鸡胚毛蛋，经比较观察和测定分析，探索鸡胚后期死因，提出了防止发育正常鸡胚的啄壳前死亡的措施。     

种鸡修喙的几个问题

种鸡的修喙,目的在于减少育成期中因采取限制饲养引起饥饿而导致的啄癖,同时减少鸡群采食刨撒饲料,避免浪费。正确的修喙对鸡群的受精率和产蛋率都是有益的。我们对本场14000只父母代种鸡修喙,因修喙死亡只占     

鸡啄癖的原因及防控措施

<正>啄癖是一种不良的嗜好,又叫异食癖。其临床特征为鸡相互啄食,造成伤亡或死亡。啄癖在雏鸡群、中雏群和成鸡群中都有发生,而以雏鸡群和中雏群发生较多,特别是密集饲养或笼养条件下更易发生。一旦发生,很快蔓延全群,啄癖鸡易使鸡群受惊吓,情绪紧张不安,严重影响幼鸡生长发育,成鸡产蛋量下降,降低经济效益。因此,加强管理是预防鸡群啄癖的关键。1鸡啄癖的原因1.1管理不善鸡只不经过断喙;鸡群饲养密度过大,空气浑浊;温度较高或鸡舍内     

鸡啄癖症发病原因与防治效果

啄癖是鸡的常发病之一。在鸡群内被啄鸡的羽毛常被啄光 ,伤及肌肤 ,因失血过多而死 ;肛门被啄鸡则往往因肠管被拖食而致死 ;发生啄癖的鸡群常常啄食病死鸡肉尸 ,至仅剩下一付鸡骨架 ,惨不能睹 ,危害极大。现将本人观察过的几次鸡啄癖情况报道如下 :1　发病情况　 1997～ 1999年 ,3年间 ,海兰褐父母代种鸡共 4批计 2 170 0余套 ,采用公母混合地面平养的饲养方式 ,分别在 10周龄、 2 9周龄、 37周龄起出现啄癖症 ,共有 1173羽鸡因此致死 ,死亡率为 5.4 % ,其中严重的鸡群病情持续时间长达 2 7周 ,且此其间平均日死亡率达 0 .0 8% ,高峰日死亡…     

鸡异食癖的原因及防治

鸡异食癖是指鸡群中的鸡相互啄食，造成创伤，甚至引起死亡。在育雏鸡群、育成鸡群和产蛋鸡群中都有发生，而以育雏鸡群和育成鸡群发生较多，特别是笼养或密集饲养条件下更易发生。鸡只互啄有各种各样的表现形式，常见的有啄羽、啄蛋、啄肛、啄尾、啄趾等。被啄部位一旦出血，则鸡群争夺啄食，轻者造成流皿伤残，重者引起死亡，严重影响了鸡的生长发育和生产性能。因此，搞好鸡异食癖的预防和治疗，对养鸡生产具有十分重要的经济意义。     

Plasma pharmacokinetics and milk levels of ceftriaxone following single intravenous administration in healthy and endometritic cows

Pharmacokinetics and milk levels of ceftriaxone were studied in healthy and endometritic cows following single intravenous administration. The drug was detected up to 8 h of dosing in plasma of healthy and endometritic cows and the drug disposition followed three-compartment open model. The values of Vd_area, AUC, t_1/2β, Cl_B, MRT and P/C ratio were 0.50 ± 0.19 L.kg⁻¹, 62.2 ± 23.3 μg.ml⁻¹.h, 1.02 ± 0.07 h, 0.30 ± 0.09 L.kg⁻¹.h⁻¹, 1.55 ± 0.25 h and 0.52 ± 0.27, respectively, in healthy and 1.55 ± 0.52 L.kg⁻¹, 37.0 ± 17.1 μg.ml⁻¹.h, 1.56 ± 0.25 h, 0.56 ± 0.14 L.kg⁻¹.h⁻¹, 2.14 ± 0.34 h and 1.44 ± 0.60, respectively, in endometritic cows. The drug was detected in milk for 36 h after administration. For MIC₉₀ of 0.5 μg.ml⁻¹ the most appropriate dosage for ceftriaxone, would be 9.0 mg.kg⁻¹ repeated at 6 h intervals for the treatment of endometritis in cows.     

Early resynchronization protocols for goats: Progestogens can be used prior to an early pregnancy diagnosis without affecting corpus luteum functionality

This study aimed to evaluate the exogenous progesterone (P4) effect on the luteal function from Day 16 to Day 21 of the oestrous cycle in inseminated goats with unknown pregnancy status. A total of 54 does passed through a short progestin-based synchronization protocol and, on Day 16 of the following oestrous cycle, 27 does received a new P4 device which was retained until Day 21. Blood samples were collected daily from all does during this period, as well as on Day 24. Pregnancy diagnoses were performed on Day 30. Serum P4 values from 26 animals (G_NPSP: Group of non-pregnant does with second sponge: n = 8; G_NPNSP: Group of non-pregnant does without second sponge: n = 6; G_PSP: Group of pregnant does with second sponge: n = 5; G_PNSP: Group of pregnant does without second sponge: n = 7) were determined by radioimmunoassay commercial kits. No P4 differences were found between groups (G_NPSP: 3.1 ± 2.8; 1.7 ± 1.8; 0.4 ± 1.0; and 0.0 ± 0.0 vs. G_NPNSP: 4.4 ± 1.8; 3.0 ± 2.2; 0.8 ± 0.8; and 0.0 ± 0.0 or G_PSP: 4.2 ± 1.0; 3.4 ± 0.6; 3.3 ± 1.6; 3.2 ± 0.9; 3.6 ± 1.2; 3.5 ± 1.3; 2.7 ± 1.3 vs. G_PNSP: 4.4 ± 1.6; 3.6 ± 1.5; 3.7 ± 1.5; 3.8 ± 1.4; 3.2 ± 1.2; 3.1 ± 1.2; 3.6 ± 1.1; D16, D17, D18, D19, D20, D21, D24, respectively) or for the interaction of group and time. In conclusion, a second progestogen device had no effect on luteolysis or early pregnancy in the following oestrous cycle.     

Ovarian activity in F1 prepubertal ewe lambs under tropical conditions

Seventy crossbred ewe lambs, born from Pelibuey (PB) dams mated with five sire breeds: White Dorper × PB (WD × PB), Black Head Dorper × PB (BHD × PB), Ile de France × PB (Ile × PB) Katahdin × PB (KT × PB) and Pelibuey (PB × PB), were used to determine age and weight to puberty, follicular populations during prepubertal development, ovulation rate at first ovulation and function of the first corpus luteum (FCL). Ewe lambs were maintained under grazing conditions and were supplemented with 300 g head^− 1 day^− 1 of a concentrate with 14% CP and 3.0 Mcal ME kg^− 1 of DM. From 145 days of age, monthly observations were performed by endoscopy to monitor follicular populations and luteal structures. Ovarian follicles were classified according to size into small (≥ 1 and < 3 mm), medium (≥ 3 and ≤ 4 mm) and large (> 4 mm). Additionally, weekly observations by ultrasonography were performed in four ewes per genotype to assess follicular populations. Luteal function from first ovulation was determined by circulating concentrations of progesterone. Ovulation rate was not affected by genotype (P > 0.05). All breed groups had the same pattern of follicular populations, where most of follicles were small, followed by medium and a small proportion of large follicles. Maximum diameter of follicles was similar for all genotypes during prepubertal development (P > 0.05), with an average range of 3.9 ± 0.20 to 4.4 ± 0.20 mm. The BHD × PB reached puberty at the youngest age of 240.9 ± 13.0 days, compared to all other genotypes (P < 0.05), 259.1 ± 11.7 for WD × PB, 279.3 ± 9.6 for KT × PB and 289.0 ± 15.3 days for PB × PB and 308.6 ± 11.9 days for Ile × PB ewe lambs. Ile × PB had greater weight to first ovulation (31.5 ± 1.19 kg) as compared to other breed groups (P < 0.01). The largest percentage of FCL was for KT × PB ewes (100%) (P < 0.05), followed by BHD × PB (88.9%), PB × PB (83.3), WD × PB (78.6%) and Ile × PB (77.8%). There were no differences in ovulation rate attributable to type of lambing from which ewe lambs came from (P > 0.05). BHD × PB ewe lambs reached puberty at an earlier age than other in this study. KT × PB ewe lambs had the highest percentage of FCL in their first ovulation. Breed of sire Ile de France increased weight to puberty and decreased FCL at first ovulation. In conclusion, the BHD × PB ewe showed puberty at an earlier age than other genotypes, while the KT × PB had the highest percentage of functional corpus luteum in their first ovulation. Ewe lambs coming from single lambings reach puberty at a heavier weight than those coming from multiple lambings. The ovulation rate in the first ovulation of ewe lambs is not affected by genotype and type of lambing.     

Influence of dietary lysine level on whole-body protein turnover, plasma IGF-I, GH and insulin concentration in growing pigs

Four growing pigs (initial liveweight 25.9 ± 0.54 kg, final liveweight 43.0 ± 1.06 kg) were used to study the effect of dietary lysine level on nutrient digestibility, whole-body protein turnover, plasma insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), growth hormone (GH), insulin, glucose, and urea nitrogen (PUN). Four diets, containing 7.0 g (L1), 9.5 g (L2), 12.0 g (L3) and 14.5 g (L4) lysine per kg diet respectively, were formulated as experimental treatments. The animals and diets were allocated in a 4 × 4 Latin square design. Nitrogen (N) metabolism and whole-body protein turnover were measured by classical method and single-dose ¹⁵N end-product method, respectively. The blood samples were taken at the end of each experimental period. Results showed that N retention (NR) and N biological value (NBV) were significantly increased from L1 to L4 (P < 0.05). However, differences in NR and NBV between L2, L3 and L4 were not significant (P > 0.05). There was no significant difference on dry matter (DM) digestibility, organic matter (OM) digestibility and N digestibility between different treatments (P > 0.05). Whole-body protein synthesis, protein degradation and protein accretion increased markedly from L1 to L2 (P < 0.05), but did not increase further from L2 to L4. Whole-body protein accretion (y, g/kg W^0.75/d) increased with dietary lysine (x, g/kg) in a quadratic manner: y = − 0.09x² + 2.12x − 5.14 (r² = 0.96, n = 4, P < 0.05).The results also showed that differences in plasma IGF-I, GH, glucose and PUN concentration between different treatments were not significant (P > 0.05). Plasma insulin concentration (y, μIU/ml) was increased with dietary lysine (x, g/kg) in a quadratic manner: y = 0.23x² − 4.10x + 32.25 (r² = 0.99, n = 4, P < 0.05), but it was not found that plasma insulin concentration was related to NR. A significant correlation was found between NR (y, g/d) and plasma IGF-I (x, ng/ml): y = − 3.1 × 10^− 3x² + 1.31x − 122.28 (r² = 0.99, n = 4, P < 0.05).It was concluded that dietary lysine level had a significant influence on NR and whole-body protein turnover but not on plasma IGF-I and GH concentration. Plasma IGF-I may be an important factor controlling N metabolism of growing pigs. Further research was needed to study the mechanism.     

Pharmacokinetics,plasma protein binding and bioavailability of moxifloxacin in Muscovy ducks after different routes of administration

In this study the disposition kinetics and plasma availability of moxifloxacin in Muscovy ducks after single intravenous (i.v.), intramuscular (i.m.) and oral (p.o.) administrations of 5 mg kg^?1 b.wt. were investigated. The concentrations of moxifloxacin in the plasma were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with fluorescence detection on samples collected at frequent intervals after drug administration. Following intravenous injection, the decline in plasma drug concentration was bi-exponential with half-lives of (t_1/2α) 0.22 ± 0.10 h and (t_1/2β) 2.49 ± 0.26 h for distribution and elimination phases, respectively. The volume of distribution at steady-state (V_dss) was 1.02 ± 0.14 l kg^?1 and the total body clearance (Cl_tot) was 0.32 ± 0.11 l kg^?1 h^?1, respectively. After intramuscular and oral administration of moxifloxacin at the same dose the peak plasma concentrations (C_max) were 2.38 ± 0.43 and 2.11 ± 0.36 μg ml^?1 and were obtained at 1.47 ± 0.26 and 1.83 ± 0.16 h (T_max), respectively, the elimination half-lives (T_1/2el) were 3.14 ± 0.42 and 2.63 ± 0.44 h, respectively, and AUC_0–24 were 15.87 ± 2.35 and 14.52 ± 2.37 μg ml^?1 h^?1, respectively. The systemic bioavailabilities were 96.36 ± 11.54% and 86.79 ± 12.64%, respectively. In vitro plasma protein binding percent was 32%. We concluded that moxifloxacin might be clinically interesting alternative for the treatment of most sensitive bacterial infections in Muscovy ducks.     

Leptospirosis in Colombia: Isolation ofLeptospira SPP. from the kidneys of brown rats (Rattus Norvegicus) trapped on infected piggeries

Summary Leptospira interrogansserotypes pomonaand icterohaemorrhagiaewere isolated from the kidneys of Rattus norvegicustrapped on pomonainfected piggeries.The isolation of pomonafrom one of 111cultured kidneys, although of interest, strongly suggests that this rat does not play an important part in the epidemiology of infection by this serotype. Kidney tubular degeneration, focal mononuclear infiltrations and fibroplasia are morphological traces which remain after an attack of leptospirosis. The high percentage (48.6)of these lesions found in the rat kidneys examined does not seem to be related to serotype pomonabut to icterohaemorrhagiae.The importance of this last serotype in swine in the Cauca Valley has yet to be assessed.

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Leptospirosis En Colombia: Aislamiento DeLeptospira SPP. De Riñones De Ratas Pardas (Rattus Norvegicus) Atrapadas En Porquerizas Infectadas

Resumen Se aislóLeptospira interrogans serotipospomona eicterohaemorrhagiae de riñones deRattus norvegicus atrapadas en porquerizas infectadas porpomona. El aislamiento depomona de 1/111 riñones cultivados, aunque de interés, sugiere que esta rata no desempeña parte importante en la epidemiología de las infecciones por este serotipo.Degeneración tubular renal, infiltración mononuclear focal y fibroplasia son huellas morfológicas que quedan después de un ataque de leptospirosis. El alto porcentaje (48.6) de estas lesiones encontradas en los riñones de las ratas examinadas no parece estar relacionado con el serotipopomona sino con elicterohaemorrhagiae. La importancia de este último seroptipo en cerdos en el Valle del Cauca no se ha evaluado todavía.

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Leptospiroses En Colombie: Isolement DeLeptospira SPP. De Reins De Rats Bruns (Rattus Norvegicus) Captures Dans Des Porcheries

Résumé Les sérotypespomona eticterohaemorrhagiae deLeptospira interrogans ont été isolés de reins deRattus norvegicus capturés dans des porcheries infectées de (pomona?). L'isolement depomona sur une seule des 111 cultures de rein effectuées, bien qu'interessant, suggère fortement que ce rat ne joue pas un rôle important dans l'épidémiologie de l'infection par ce sérotype.La dégénerescence tubulaire des reins, des infiltrations ponctuelles par des monocucléaires et l'aspect fibreux constituent les traces morphologiques qui demeurent après une attaque de leptospirose. Le pourcentage élevé (48,6) de ces lésions trouvées dans les les reins des rats examinés semble être plus en rapport avec le sérotypeicterohaemorrhagiae qu'avec le sérotypepomona. L'importance du sérotypeicterohaemorrhagiae chez le porc de la Cauca Valley est encore à vérifier.

     

Filarial infection of equidae in the Tehran area of Iran

Summary Microfilariae of three genera, namelyElaeophora böhmi, Onchocerca cervicalis andParafilaria multipapillosa were recovered from blood samples of equidae in Tehran, Iran. These microfilarial infections in equidae are reported for the first time from Iran.

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Infestacion Filaroidea De Equinos En El Area De Teheran, Iran

Resumen Microfilarias de tres géneros,Elaeophora bohmi, Onchocerca cervicalis andParafilaria multipapillosa se aislaron de la sangre de equinos en el area de Teherán, Irán. Este es el primer reporte de la infestación filaroidea de equinos en Irán.

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Filariose Des Equides Dans La Region De Teheran En Iran

Résumé Les microfilaires des genresElaeophora böhmi, Onchocerca cervalis etParafilaria multipapillosa ont été trouvées dans des échantillons de sang d'équidés de la région de Téhéran en Iran. C'est la première fois qu'un tel parasitisme des équidés est constaté en Iran.

     

Serological prevalence of bovine babesiosis in Mali

Summary A serological survey of cattle in Mali was carried out to determine the prevalence of antibody activity toBabesia bovis andB. bigemina. It was found that the level ofB. bovis infection as indicated by antibody activities was too low to be of immediate concern. However, the serological prevalence ofB. bigemina was high and this may indicate a potential disease problem. It was also found that when zebu and N'Dama cattle grazed together the N'Dama were twice as likely to have positive titres toBabesia as were the zebus.

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Prevalencia Serologica De Babesiosis Bovina En Mali

Resumen Se llevó a cabo un análisis serológico en Malí, para detectar la prevalencia deBabesia bovis yBabesia bigemina. Se encontró, que la prevalencia serológica deB. bovis es baja para considerar la enfermedad una amenaza inmediata. Sinembargo, la prevalencia deB. bigemina fué alta, un problema potencial. Tambien se encontró, que cuando el ganado Cebu y N'Dama pastorea junto, el N'Dama presenta el doble de títulos serológicos deB. bigemina.

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Frequence Serologique De La Babesiose Bovine Au Mali

Résumé Une enquête sérologique sur le bétail au Mali a été effectuée pour déterminer la fréquence de l'activité des anticorps àBabesia bovis etB. bigemina. On a trouvé que le degré d'infection àB. bovis tel qu'indiqué par les réactions anticorps était trop faible pour constituer un souci immédiat. Cependant la fréquence sérologique deB. bigemina était élevée, ce qui peut indiquer un problème pathologique potentiel. On a aussi noté que lorsque les zébus et les N'Dama broûtaient ensemble, les N'Dama avaient deux fois plus de chance d'avoir des titres positifs àBabesia que ne l'avaient les zébus.

     

Effects of forage ensiling and ration fermentation on total mixed ration pH,ruminal fermentation and performance of growing Holstein‐Zebu cross steers

Our objective was to determine the effect of forage ensiling and ration fermentation on total mixed ration pH, ruminal fermentation and animal performance. Thirty Holstein‐Zebu cross steers were allotted to feeding treatments for 188 days in a randomized complete block design including: fresh grass‐total mixed ration (GTMR; pH 4.7), grass silage‐TMR (STMR; pH 4.0) and fermented‐TMR (FTMR; pH 3.5). Average daily gain for STMR was greatest during the first 3 months period; however, that for FTMR tended to be greater than GTMR during the second 3 months period (P < 0.10). During the second period dry matter intake for STMR was the greatest (P < 0.01), but feed conversion ratio (P < 0.01) and cost per gain (P < 0.01) were the least for FTMR. Protein digestibility tended (P < 0.10) to be greater for FTMR than STMR and fat digestibility was greater (P < 0.05) for GTMR and FTMR than STMR. FTMR had less (P < 0.01) ruminal NH₃‐N content than STMR. Total volatile fatty acids post‐feeding was greatest for GTMR (P < 0.01). Ruminal proportions of acetic and butyric acids were greater for FTMR than GTMR (P < 0.05); in contrast, propionic acid was greater for GTMR (P < 0.05). Utilizing silage or total ration fermentation did not negatively impact on ruminal pH. STMR and FTMRs can be used to maintain performance of growing crossbred Holstein steers.