药赏兼用芙蓉菊扦插技术

以芙蓉菊为试材,采用沙壤土、细河沙、蛭石+珍珠岩(2∶1)、草炭土+珍珠岩(2∶1)、细河沙+珍珠岩(2∶1)、沙壤土+珍珠岩(2∶1)、蛭石+珍珠岩+草炭土(1∶1∶1)等7种基质,选用IBA、ABT-2生根粉2种外源激素,激素处理的浓度梯度为200、400、800mg·L~(-1),处理的时间梯度为10、15、30s,研究了不同基质与不同外源激素及浸泡时间对芙蓉菊扦插生根效果的影响,以期优化芙蓉菊扦插技术。结果表明:蛭石+珍珠岩+草炭土(1∶1∶1)是芙蓉菊扦插最理想的基质,扦插成活率为95%;沙壤土+珍珠岩(2∶1)则有利于芙蓉菊幼苗生长健壮,壮苗率为67.5%;IBA、ABT-2对芙蓉菊的扦插生根均有促进作用,而以浓度400mg·L~(-1) ABT-2生根剂处理插穗30s,其插穗成活率、壮苗率最高,分别为97.5%、78.8%;800mg·L~(-1) IBA处理插穗10s,也能有效促进插穗生根,其插穗成活率、壮苗率分别为72.5%、53.0%。确定芙蓉菊扦插育苗最优组合为蛭石+珍珠岩+草炭土(1∶1∶1)为基质,用400mg·L~(-1) ABT-2生根剂处理插穗30s。     

提高西番莲扦插效果的几种因子研究

以紫果西番莲不同部位茎段为材料,研究不同种类和不同浓度的植物生长调节剂处理、不同基质处理对西番莲茎段扦插效果的影响。结果表明：用单一激素IBA或NAA进行处理时,以IBA10mg／L处理的扦插效果最好,扦插成活率为51．11％,平均生根数3．17条,平均根长2．33cm;两种激素组合使用以ABT100mg／L＋IBA 10mg／L最好,成活率高达81．11％,平均生根数4．9条,平均根长3．71cm;不同基质处理,以泥炭＋细沙（2：1）的组合处理最好,成活率达83．33％,平均生根数4．50条,平均根长2．72cm;不同茎段部位插穗的扦插效果,中部〉上部〉下部,中部扦插成活率达90％,平均生根数5．05条,平均根长3．11cm。     

有斑百合鳞片离体培养研究

以有斑百合鳞片为外植体,研究不同激素配比对不定芽诱导、增殖、生根的影响及不同基质对试管苗移栽成活的影响。结果表明:鳞片诱导不定芽的最佳培养基为MS+BA 0.5mg/L+NAA 0.5 mg/L,诱导率达80.0%;最佳继代培养基为MS+BA 1.0 mg/L+NAA 0.1mg/L,增殖系数达2.83;最佳生根培养基为MS+IBA 0.5 mg/L,生根率达100.0%;试管苗最适扦插基质为珍珠岩,扦插成活率达96.7%。     

千里香扦插繁殖技术的研究

研究不同外源激素种类及浓度、不同部位插条、不同基质对千里香扦插效果的影响。结果表明:单一激素以IBA 6mg/L处理效果好,插条平均根数4.36条,平均成活率71.11%,均显著高于NAA和CK(清水)处理;不同激素混合以IBA 2mg/L ABT 50mg/L组合处理效果最好,插条平均生根数6.83条,平均成活率85.00%;木质化部位插条平均成活率达90.56%,高于半木质化部位,而半木质化部位插条平均生根数7.31条,高于木质化部位;扦插基质以泥炭 珍珠岩 细沙(2∶1∶1)的组合处理效果最好,平均生根数和平均成活率达到6.44条和82.78%。     

不同基质对沙棘嫩枝扦插繁殖的影响

沙棘是集生态与经济价值于一体的重要经济树种,对改良土壤、美化环境有重要意义。采用IBA 200 mg/L、150 mg/L、100 mg/L、50 mg/L 4种不同浓度浸泡插条16 h,在沙+土1∶1基质条件下,结果表明大果沙棘嫩枝扦插成活率最高的浓度是IBA 100 mg/L;采用雌株‘橙色’、‘萨彦娜’,雄株‘阿列伊’3个沙棘品种作为植物样本,以容易采集的河沙和当地壤土为原材料,配制沙+土3∶1、沙+土2∶1、沙+土1∶1、沙和土5种基质,采用最适浓度100 mg/L浸泡,比较插条成活率、生根数、生根根长,结果以沙+土3∶1作基质更利于插条成活,成活率最高达到93.6%。此外,在各品种之间,雄性品种‘阿列伊’最容易成活,‘萨彦娜’生根数最多,‘橙色’生根最长。     

杜梨嫩枝扦插影响因素探究

为探究杜梨嫩枝扦插的影响因素,筛选出最佳扦插方法,提高其扦插成活率,以杜梨嫩枝为试材,采用单因素试验设计筛选最优插条来源、新梢部段、插条长度和扦插基质,正交试验设计筛选最佳扦插生长调节剂配比。结果表明：连栋温室中采集的杜梨新梢中部段、长10～15 cm的插条更适合杜梨嫩枝扦插;IBA对扦插生根的影响大于NAA和IAA,IBA主要影响生根率和平均根数,NAA和IAA主要影响平均根长;基质湿度和基质配比是影响扦插成活的2个重要因素,其中基质湿度对嫩枝扦插的影响大于基质配比。综上,以长10～15 cm的温室杜梨新梢中部段为插条,在100 mg/L IBA+40 mg/L NAA+10 mg/L IAA中浸泡1 h,再插入河沙∶珍珠岩∶草炭土=1∶2∶2的半干湿基质中,扦插生根率可达70%。     

桃砧木半硬枝扦插繁殖影响因子的研究

以桃砧木新品系9910918为试验材料,研究不同生根剂、扦插基质、扦插时期对其半硬枝扦插生根能力的影响。结果表明:半硬枝扦插生根的最适宜生根剂为2 500 mg/L IBA,处理后生根率达73.33%,极显著高于其他处理,平均不定根数6.50条,不定根长度5.20 cm;蛭石、河沙∶蛭石为1∶1混合基质均可作扦插基质,其生根率极显著高于其他基质,分别为76.67%和73.33%,不定根数分别为7.33、6.21条,不定根长度分别为5.22、4.92 cm;8月扦插的生根率极显著高于9月、10月和11月,且其移栽成活率也最高,为81.82%。     

基质和植物生长调节剂对阳光玫瑰葡萄硬枝扦插的影响

以阳光玫瑰葡萄1年生休眠枝为试材,分析了不同配方基质和植物生长调节剂对扦插萌芽、生根、生长等的影响。结果表明,在泥炭、椰糠和珍珠岩按不同比例配制的4种基质中,以体积比1∶1∶1和1∶4∶1配制的2种基质综合表现佳。在吲哚丁酸(IBA)、吲哚乙酸(IAA)和萘乙酸(NAA)低(300 mg/L)中(500 mg/L)高(1 000 mg/L)浓度单独或组合处理中,扦插30 d,低浓度IAA、低中高浓度IBA、低中浓度IAA+IBA(IAA 500 mg/L+IBA 300 mg/L和IAA 300 mg/L+IBA 500 mg/L)处理的萌芽率均在90%以上,显著高于清水对照(62.3%),促进插条提早萌发;扦插60 d,低浓度IAA、低中浓度IBA和中浓度NAA处理的成活率(生根率)均在90%以上,且与清水对照无显著差异,生根数最多的是低浓度NAA处理,叶片数最多的是中浓度NAA处理。综合成活率以及各生长指标,扦插苗综合表现较好的是IAA 300 mg/L、IBA 300 mg/L、IBA 500 mg/L和NAA 500 mg/L处理。     

不同处理方式对蔷薇扦插繁殖的影响

以蔷薇为试材,采用L9(34)正交实验设计,研究了IBA浓度、覆膜时间、扦插基质对蔷薇扦插效果的影响,以期优化蔷薇的繁育技术体系。结果表明:成活率最优水平组合为黄土+覆膜30d+IBA 100mg·L~(-1);抽芽率最优水平组合为泥炭混合珍珠岩+覆膜15d+IBA 50mg·L~(-1);新芽均高最优水平组合为黄土+覆膜15d+IBA 200mg·L~(-1);小叶平均数最优水平组合为黄土+覆膜30d+IBA 50mg·L~(-1);平均根数最优水平组合为黄土+覆膜15d+IBA 50mg·L~(-1)。     

植物生长调节剂及基质对红毛五加硬枝扦插生根的影响

以红毛五加硬枝为试材,采用随机区组设计,研究了不同植物生长调节剂及其组合配方、处理浓度及扦插基质对生根的影响.结果表明:采用ABT1、IBA处理扦插生根效果较好,生根率最高达67.6％,NAA效果较差,CK(清水)处理效果最差.采用适宜的生长调节剂配比处理红毛五加硬枝插穗的扦插效果明显优于单一激素处理.IBA 1 000 mg/L+NAA 100 mg/L速蘸30 s,生根率达68.0％,比单独使用IBA 1 000 mg/L提高9.6％.低浓度浸泡扦插效果好于高浓度速蘸.硬枝采用150～200 mg/L ABT1浸泡4h,扦插效果较好,生根率最高达71.5％.扦插基质对红毛五加硬枝扦插效果影响明显,混合基质处理扦插效果优于单一基质.试验中3种单一基质的平均生根率顺序由高到低依次为:蛭石(61.2％)、珍珠岩(60.9％)、草炭(48.2％);3种混合基质中,珍珠岩+草炭+蛭石(1∶1∶1)扦插效果较好,生根率为76.5％.     

甘肃张掖露地春花菜品种比较试验

2010年甘肃省张掖市甘州区经济作物技术推广站引进赛欧、太白、西北雪玉60、赛亚4个花菜新品种与2008年引进的高产品种曼特进行品种比较试验。试验结果表明,赛欧、太白、赛亚3个品种综合性状表现较好,商品性佳,对甘州区气候适应,可以作为春、夏茬栽培品种进行推广。     

农业节水灌溉技术及发展方向

我国经济的快速发展和人口的增加,导致对水资源的需求量不断上升,而当前我国水资源处于严重短缺的状态,供需矛盾不断突出。我国是一个农业大国,农业用水量较大,在其他方面用水不断增加的情况下,农业用水量则会受到不同程度的压缩。节水灌溉是根据农作物的生长规律,在作物需水的情况进行灌溉水的高效利用,从而实现农业效益的增加。文章介绍了农业节水灌溉技术,在此基础上对其发展方向进行了展望。     

优质蔬菜病虫害控制措施分析

要生产出安全优质的蔬菜,在病虫害防治上应尽量少用或不用人工合成的农药,优先推广物理防治及生物防治技术。在必须用化学防治时,也应选用高效、低毒、低残留的化学农药,防止农药超标,确保人体健康,保护农业资源和生态环境。本文主要对蔬菜病虫害的防治原理、当前蔬菜病虫害的主要防治技术进行了简要论述,提出了生产优质蔬菜的技术要点。     

赣南脐橙产区果园土壤有效硼含量的现状与分析

通过对赣州市18个县市区1275个脐橙果园土壤样本中的有效硼含量分析,结果表明:土壤有效硼平均含量为0.16 mg/kg,缺硼比例为87.1%;土壤硼状况最好的龙南县,其有效硼平均含量为0.26 mg/kg,缺硼比例是64.7%;缺硼最严重的章贡区,其土壤有效硼平均含量仅为0.09mg/kg;南康县缺硼比例高达97.8%;脐橙的3个产量大县,信丰、寻乌、安远的土壤有效硼平均含量分别为0.18、0.16和0.15 mg/kg,缺硼比例各占77.3%、86.2%和91.7%。     

江西赣州市生态园林规划建设思考

基于人类社会与自然和谐发展的背景，生态设计成为当前园林设计所追求的主题，回归自然已成为当下园林设计的主调。如何通过合理的设计，实现自然与美学的结合，建立资源节约型园林，成为现阶段园林设计的重要课题。通过对现代园林生态设计的研究，提出适合赣州市生态园林规划建设的建议。     

柑桔溃疡病拮抗芽孢菌株的筛选及其控病作用

从贛州脐橙园脐橙根际土壤中获得192个细菌分离物,通过平板拮抗测试,筛选出对柑桔溃疡病菌Xanthomonas axonopodis pv.citri有较强拮抗作用的6个芽孢菌株,抑菌圈直径达12.0～25.0mm,其中菌株G32对柑桔溃疡病菌抑制效果最好,稳定性高;温室控病试验表明,菌株G32的控病效果最佳,接种溃疡病菌前喷施拮抗菌G32的预防效果达60.7%,接种溃疡病菌后喷施拮抗菌G32的治疗效果为53.2%;根据其形态特征、培养性状、生理生化特性及16SrDNA序列比对分析,将G32鉴定为枯草芽孢杆菌Bacillus subtilis。     

温室茄子氮、磷、钾素最大利润施用量研究

为了研究温室茄子氮、磷、钾素最大利润施用量,为茄子合理施肥和安全生产提供参考,在甘肃省张掖市甘州区党寨镇温室内,采用田间小区试验方法,进行了温室茄子氮、磷、钾素最大利润施用量研究.结果表明:随着氮、磷、钾素施用量梯度的增大,茄子产量逐渐增加,边际产量、边际产值和边际利润均呈递减趋势,其中边际利润最终出现负值.根据最大利...     

Changes in fox squirrel anti-predator behaviors across the urban–rural gradient

Predator stimuli created by humans in the urban environment may alter animals’ anti-predator behaviors. I hypothesized that habituation would cause anti-predator behaviors to decrease in urban settings in response to humans. Additionally, I hypothesized that populations habituated to humans would show reduced responses to other predator stimuli. I observed three populations of squirrels (urban, suburban and rural) responses to human approaches, red-tailed hawk vocalizations (Buteo jamaicensis) and coyote (Canis latrans) vocalizations. Mahalanobis distances of anti-predator behaviors in response to human approaches were consistent with the urban–rural gradient. Flight initiation distances (X ² = 26.33, df = 2, P < 0.001) and amount of time dedicated to anti-predator behavior (X ² = 10.94, df = 2, P = 0.004) in response to human approaches were also consistent with the urban–rural gradient. Supporting the habituation hypothesis, naive juvenile squirrels increased flight initiation distances (X ² = 35.89, df = 1, P < 0.001) and time dedicated to anti-predator behaviors (X ² = 9.46, df = 1, P = 0.002) relative to adult squirrels in the same urban environment. Time dedicated to anti-predator behaviors differed among all three sites in response to both coyote (X ² = 9.83, df = 2, P = 0.007) and hawk (X ² = 6.50, df = 2, P = 0.035) vocalizations. Responses to both vocalizations on rural sites (coyote = 45%, hawk = 55%) greater than twice that found on the urban sites (coyote = 11%, hawk = 20%). This is possibly the first case of a transfer of habituation demonstrated under field conditions.     

Plant growth,yield, and fruit quality of ‘Fallglo’ and ‘Sunburst’ mandarins on four rootstocks

Vegetative growth, yield, and fruit quality of ‘Fallglo’ and ‘Sunburst’ mandarins on ‘Rangpur’ lime, ‘Swingle’ citrumelo, ‘Orlando’ tangelo, and ‘Cleopatra’ mandarin were evaluated under subtropical climate of Northern São Paulo State, Brazil, from 2000 through 2006 harvest seasons. ‘Fallglo’ mandarin trees had the highest cumulative yield on ‘Rangpur’ lime, and the smallest on ‘Swingle’ citrumelo and ‘Orlando’ tangelo. Plants of this cultivar had the highest yield efficiency on ‘Rangpur’ lime, and the lowest on ‘Orlando’ tangelo. ‘Sunburst’ mandarin trees began to bear fruits later than ‘Fallglo’ mandarin trees, with no differences in yield induced by the rootstocks. ‘Cleopatra’ mandarin induced the most vigorous growth in ‘Fallglo’ mandarin as compared to plants on ‘Swingle’ citrumelo. On the other hand, the largest trees of ‘Sunburst’ mandarin were registered on ‘Orlando’ tangelo, and the smallest on ‘Rangpur’ lime. ‘Sunburst’ mandarin had higher alternate bearing than ‘Fallglo’ regardless the rootstock. Fruit weight and juice content were not affected by the rootstock. These two mandarin scion cultivars may be considered adequate alternatives to produce good fruit quality for the fresh fruit market. ‘Cleopatra’ mandarin and ‘Rangpur lime are suitable rootstocks for ‘Fallglo’ mandarin, whereas all rootstocks evaluated are adequate for ‘Sunburst’ mandarin.     

The effect of various nitrogen fertilization and foliar nutrition regimes on the concentrations of nitrates,ammonium ions,dry matter and N-total in carrot (Daucus carota L.) roots

Two field experiments (Experiment I in 2003–2005 and Experiment II in 2004–2005) with carrot c.v. ‘Kazan F₁’ were conducted at Trzciana village (50°06′N, 21°85′E). The experiments were arranged in a split-plot design with four replications. Two sub-blocks were identified in both experiments: I, without foliar nutrition; II, receiving plant foliar nutrition. The plants were sprayed three times alternately with: 2% urea solution, 1% solution of multi-component ‘Supervit R’ fertilizer (produced by Intermag, Poland) and again with 2% urea solution. Combinations with diversified nitrogen fertilization were distinguished within both sub-blocks. Experiment I comprised of: (1) Control, (2) Ca(NO₃)₂ 70, (3) Ca(NO₃)₂ 70 + 70, (4) (NH₄)₂SO₄ 70 and (5) (NH₄)₂SO₄ 70 + 70. Experiment II included: (1) Control, (2) ENTEC-26 35 + 35, (3) ENTEC-26 70 + 70, (4) ENTEC 26 105 + 105, (5) NH₄NO₃ 35 + 35, (6) NH₄NO₃ 70 + 70, (7) NH₄NO₃ 105 + 105. Where 70 kg N ha⁻¹ was used before sowing, whereas 35 + 35, 70 + 70 and 105 + 105 kg N ha⁻¹ were applied before sowing and as top dressing. Solid nitrogen fertilizer was added to the soil (produced by): Ca(NO₃)₂, Yara International ASA (Hydro); (NH₄)₂SO₄, Zak?ady Azotowe in Tarnów, Poland; NH₄NO₃, Zak?ady Azotowe in Pu?awy, Poland; and ENTEC-26, COMPO GmbH & Co. KG, Germany. The research aimed at determining the effect of diversified nitrogen fertilization and foliar nutrition on NO₃⁻, NH₄⁺, N-total and dry matter (d.m.) concentrations in carrot, and N uptake by storage roots. In Experiment I, nitrogen fertilization did not affect NO₃⁻ concentration, whereas in Experiment II, the applied N treatment increased NO₃⁻ concentration in carrot in relation to the control, except for the storage roots of plants fertilized with ENTEC-26 35 + 35. Nitrogen fertilization applied in both experiments caused a significant increase in N-total concentration in carrot and N uptake by storage roots in comparison with the control plants. In both experiments, nitrogen fertilization had a different effect on the concentrations of NH₄⁺ and d.m. in carrot. What is more, foliar nutrition treatments in both experiments had a different effect on the concentrations on NO₃⁻, N-total, d.m. in carrot and N uptake by carrot storage roots.