基于数字化驱动农业农村高质量发展策略

全面实现乡村振兴要基于农业农村的高质量发展,而数字化为农业高质量发展提供了新的发展动力,这也是乡村振兴的核心要求。数字化驱动农业生产转向现代化发展,从而有效提升农业生产效率,促进农民职业化发展,实现乡村治理的智能化,推进农业生产绿色转型。但是在发展过程中数字鸿沟依然存在,会出现数字生产力不足、数字产业布局与链条不完善、农业生产服务体系创新建设不足等问题。基于此,本文简述数字化驱动农业农村高质量发展的理论逻辑,分析了当前发展现状,并提出了针对性措施,以促进数字化与农业农村发展的全面融合,利用数字化推动农业农村发展迈入新台阶。     

数字经济背景下吉林省数字农业发展战略研究

【目的】数字农业发展在促进农民增收增产、生产方式及生活方式转变方面发挥了重要作用,希望通过对吉林省数字农业发展情况进行研究,指出存在的问题,为更好的发展献计献策。【方法】本研究采用文献研究法、调查法等对吉林省数字农业发展现状、发展的必要性、存在的问题和对策进行了阐述。【结果】吉林省数字农业发展中基础设施建设较为落后、缺少专业人才、数字技术与农业农村融合力度不足、技术创新能力不足,这些问题阻碍了人民生活水平的提高和乡村振兴的发展。研究团队提出了针对性的建议,分别是增强基础设施建设、培养数字农业领域人才、健全数字农业协同发展机制、政府加强经济职能建设等。【结论】通过解决数字农业发展过程中存在的问题,推动数字经济与农业农村融合,实现数字农业可持续发展,助推吉林省乡村振兴战略实施。     

黑龙江省农业机械生产效率与作业质量提升方法

黑龙江省的农业机械化发展近年来取得了长足的进步,农业的耕种收机械化水平达到了96%以上,在农业机械大量普及和广泛使用的前提下,通过分析现阶段存在的问题与不足,总结了农业机械生产效率与作业质量提升方法,希望能够为农业生产的科学化发展提供帮助。     

兵团农业现代化发展水平及空间差异化研究

本文基于层次分析法对兵团农业现代化发展水平进行测量,分析兵团当下现时代化农业发展水平,通过目标值数据对各个师进行对比分析,分析各师农业发展的优势与不足,并对兵团加快现代农业的发展提出了对策建议。     

乡村振兴背景下数字农业发展的路径研究

发展"数字农业"是推动农业现代化的必然选择,是助推乡村振兴战略的重要途径,是增进农村民生福祉的重要举措.笔者以数字农业发展为切入点,探究了在乡村振兴背景下发展"数字农业"的重要作用,分析了我国"数字农业"发展过程中存在核心技术创新滞后、数字化技术与农业生产融合度不足和"数字农业"人才队伍缺乏等一系列问题,提出了加大政策...     

水肥耦合技术与辽宁旱地农业可持续发展

水资源短缺和土壤养分不足是抑制我国农业发展的主要因素。从实际情况出发,指出了目前影响辽宁地区农业生产的主要因素,分析了水肥藕合技术研究与农业生产的关系,以及进一步研究水肥藕合技术对辽宁地区农业可持续发展的重要意义。     

植保无人机技术原理及其在作业中的优缺点分析

植保无人机近年来在农业生产中的应用量逐渐增多,有效弥补了传统农业植保作业的不足之处,且使农业植保的精确度和环保性得到有效提升。综合研究了现阶段植保无人机技术发展与应用情况,说明了农用植保无人机的结构与工作原理,总结了无人机应用于植保作业中的优势与不足。     

环境保护与农业可持续发展的研究

在近几年的持续快速发展中,部分地区将更多的精力与关注放在经济高效发展工作上,进而对农业生态环境保护方面的关注力度和重视程度不足,致使耕地资源短缺以及耕地与水资源污染等问题日渐严重,造成我国农业发展受到严重阻碍。作为人口基数以及农业规模较大的国家,我国农业以及种植业在我国粮食安全以及社会稳定等方面占据着极为重要的地位,是人们生活质量和生活水平得以提升的关键。基于此,本文就开展农业生态环境保护与农业可持续发展的重要价值以及我国在农业生态环境保护方面存在的不足进行简要分析,并针对开展农业生态环境保护与实施农业可持续发展的有效路径展开深入探讨,以供参考。     

大田无人农业发展现状与实现路径

从农业现代化、可持续发展和农机化转型升级方面阐述了发展大田无人农业的重要性和必要性,分析了无人农业国内外发展现状和目前我国无人农业取得的成效和不足,并提出了我国无人农业发展路径.     

农业产业链在河北农村经济中的应用

农业产业链是农业产业化经营的载体。介绍农业产业链在农业农村经济中的体现,阐述河北省农业产业化发展的历史与现状,分析存在的问题与不足,从壮大龙头、配套推进、服务指导等角度,提出完善河北省农业产业链的措施。     

Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies

Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m⁻¹) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day⁻¹. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day⁻¹), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day⁻¹ was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration.     

瓦房店市水果生产标准化发展研究

瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。     

金谷子耐旱TG118引种试种及推广应用

对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。     

对《种子法》存在问题的探讨

《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。     

Review of the Egyptian experience in implementing land drainage projects

About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered.     

和谐社会理论建设的几点哲学思考

在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。     

A European irrigation map for spatially distributed agricultural modelling

We present a pan-European irrigation map based on regional European statistics, a European land use map and a global irrigation map. The map provides spatial information on the distribution of irrigated areas per crop type which allows determining irrigated areas at the level of spatial modelling units. The map is a requirement for a European scale assessment of the impacts of irrigated agriculture on water resources based on spatially distributed modelling of crop growth and water balance. The irrigation map was compiled in a two step procedure. First, irrigated areas were distributed to potentially irrigated crops at a regional level (European statistical regions NUTS3), combining Farm Structure Survey (FSS) data on irrigated area, crop-specific irrigated area for crops whenever available, and total crop area. Second, crop-specific irrigated area was distributed within each statistical region based on the crop distribution given in our land use map. A global map of irrigated areas with a 5′ resolution was used to further constrain the distribution within each NUTS3 based on the density of irrigated areas. The constrained distribution of irrigated areas as taken from statistics to a high resolution dataset enables us to estimate irrigated areas for various spatial entities, including administrative, natural and artificial units, providing a reasonable input scenario for large-scale distributed modelling applications. The dataset bridges a gap between global datasets and detailed regional data on the distribution of irrigated areas and provides information for various assessments and modelling applications.     

粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的应用

在介绍粉质仪和拉伸仪结构和原理的基础上,探讨了粉质曲线中吸水率、形成时间、稳定时间、弱化度和评价值等指标与面粉品质的关系,以及如何根据拉伸曲线中面团最大拉伸阻力、延伸度和拉伸曲线面积等指标来评价面团品质,并结合生产实际,概述了粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的作用。     

农村信息化服务的现状及建设措施

分析当前我国农村信息化服务的现状,提出加强农村信息化服务的新举措。     

车辆ABS控制算法的研究及探讨

对现代汽车的ABS控制算法作了一些简单的介绍,同时指出了它们的一些缺陷,相应地提出了几种对ABS的其它控制方法并加以探讨,其中着重论述了ABS门限值控制算法中参考车速的确定方法和基于附着系数的控制算法。