基于工作过程导向的高职《工程测量》课程改革措施

《工程测量》课程是交通土建专业一门非常重要的专业基础课,重点培养学生的测量技能。传统的教学方法无法满足现代化教学的需要,传统的学习内容跟不上先进测量仪器和测量设备发展的脚步。这就要求高职院校进行课程改革,购置先进的仪器和设备,不断的到工程现场调研学习,开展基于工作过程为导向的课程教学。     

农业工程多元化教学模式探索与实践研究

改革教学模式,创建有特色的地方综合性大学农业工程课程工农结合多元化教学体系,对农业工程课程及相关教学环节的一系列改革,探索课程改革的主要内容及实施过程,充分利用现代化教学手段,改革考试考核方式,加强课程建设,提高学生的综合素质与能力,对农业工程人才教学内容和课程体系教学模式探索与实践具有重要意义。     

基于“1+X”证书的机械测量实训课程改革

随着世界工业技术的不断进步,工业化进程的脚步不断加快,一个国家和社会工业化发展的道路离不开工程类、机械制造相关行业的带头作用。为了不断为工业制造等领域培养和输送技能型专业人才,国家对于专业高校、高职院校的工程类、机械制造类相关专业的重视越来越高,在教学制度、教学模式等方面进行着不断的改革和创新,机械测量专业作为机械制造专业的重点学科,对国家机械制造类专业的人才培养和输送肩负着重要的责任和历史使命,在培养具有扎实理论知识的机械类相关专业人才的同时,机械测量专业的实训课程也需要进行相应的改革和创新,从而为社会培养更多的实践型全能人才。国家对于“1+X”证书相关制度的确立和实施,为机械制造专业的机械测量实训课程改革指明了方向。     

基于成果导向的高职“机械制图”课程教学改革研究

本文以成果导向教育(OBE)理论为指导,对“机械制图”课程教学从课程目标、教学设计、教学方法和学习环境等方面提出了切实的改进思路。该课程改革极大地提高了学生的学习积极性,为工程类基础课程教学提供了改革思路。     

面向大工程观的机械基础系列课程改革与实践

工程教育要服务于工程实践。在新时代工程教育改革和工程认证大环境下,探索了机械工程人才培养的大工程观内涵,据此开展机械基础系列课程改革与实践。以新疆农业大学机械基础系列课程为例,通过对人才需求侧需求调研与分析,从顶层设计优化课程群结构、深度融合创新实践体系、学科竞赛创新实践与企业工程项目、面向工程教育的STEP教学模式四个层面研究了机械基础系列课程如何构建与一流机械工程专业人才培养相适应的课程体系和培养模式,同时探讨了传统“老中青”传帮带、援疆政策支持教学骨干培养方法及现代虚拟教研室相结合的教学团队培养模式以支撑面向大工程观的机械基础课程改革与实践。     

《工程制图》课程的教学改革与实践

论述了《工程制图》课程的教学现状及教学改革的必要性,从教学体系、教学内容、教学方法 等方面探讨了本课程的改革与实践。     

新工科背景下“机械制造技术基础”教学综合改革探讨与实践

【目的】“机械制造技术基础”课程存在教学模式单一、教学目标与考核方法脱节、思政要素欠缺及缺乏复杂工程项目牵引等问题,造成“机械制造技术基础”课程思政教学难以满足现阶段教学要求。【方法】面向新工科建设、工程教育专业认证与课程思政改革的要求,课题组提出了线上线下混合翻转课堂的教学模式、融入课程思政要素、OBE导向教学考核改革、引入复杂工程案例等“机械制造技术基础”课程改革的思路与方法。【结果】通过上述措施,可以增强学生的创新意识,培养学生的工程实践能力和解决复杂工程问题的能力,有助于培育具有社会责任感和职业道德的创新型高质量工程应用人才,有助于使该课程教育满足高端制造类人才培养需求,满足新工科建设要求,对提升课程教学质量具有一定的参考意义。     

基于SWOT分析的工科专业管理类课程教学改革

面向工程教育专业认证的要求,管理学课程是工程类专业的通识教育课程。依据工程专业人才培养的能力素质要求,采用SWOT方法分析了项目管理课程教学改革途径,研究了“翻转课堂”和“案例教学”模式对于实现“以学生为中心”“成果导向教育”和“持续质量改进”理念发挥的重要作用,提出课程内容优化与教学方法创新的改革策略,实践总结了改革成效和问题思考,促进了工科专业管理类课程教学水平与学生能力的提升。      

大类招生下“互换性与测量技术”教学改革与探索

互换性与测量技术课程是新疆工程学院机械类专业的一门专业基础课程。在大类招生培养模式下,为了优化互换性与测量技术课程教学,解决课程综合性强、内容抽象、学生学习兴趣低、对理论知识应用较差等问题,对教学内容、教学方法、教学评价的改革进行了探索,该教学改革有利于提高学生的学习积极性,达到更好的学习效果。     

工程测量课程实践教学改革措施

随着高等职业院校对工程测量课程实践教学的重视程度不断增加,特别是土建类专业教学过程中运用新仪器和新型技术,也为了学生们能够更好地就业,更好地满足用人单位提出的各项要求。因此,对如何增强工程测量课程实践教学品质和成效的诸多内容作出分析,还对理念的创新和措施具体的实施作了基本概述。     

Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies

Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m⁻¹) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day⁻¹. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day⁻¹), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day⁻¹ was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration.     

瓦房店市水果生产标准化发展研究

瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。     

金谷子耐旱TG118引种试种及推广应用

对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。     

对《种子法》存在问题的探讨

《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。     

和谐社会理论建设的几点哲学思考

在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。     

Review of the Egyptian experience in implementing land drainage projects

About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered.     

A European irrigation map for spatially distributed agricultural modelling

We present a pan-European irrigation map based on regional European statistics, a European land use map and a global irrigation map. The map provides spatial information on the distribution of irrigated areas per crop type which allows determining irrigated areas at the level of spatial modelling units. The map is a requirement for a European scale assessment of the impacts of irrigated agriculture on water resources based on spatially distributed modelling of crop growth and water balance. The irrigation map was compiled in a two step procedure. First, irrigated areas were distributed to potentially irrigated crops at a regional level (European statistical regions NUTS3), combining Farm Structure Survey (FSS) data on irrigated area, crop-specific irrigated area for crops whenever available, and total crop area. Second, crop-specific irrigated area was distributed within each statistical region based on the crop distribution given in our land use map. A global map of irrigated areas with a 5′ resolution was used to further constrain the distribution within each NUTS3 based on the density of irrigated areas. The constrained distribution of irrigated areas as taken from statistics to a high resolution dataset enables us to estimate irrigated areas for various spatial entities, including administrative, natural and artificial units, providing a reasonable input scenario for large-scale distributed modelling applications. The dataset bridges a gap between global datasets and detailed regional data on the distribution of irrigated areas and provides information for various assessments and modelling applications.     

粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的应用

在介绍粉质仪和拉伸仪结构和原理的基础上,探讨了粉质曲线中吸水率、形成时间、稳定时间、弱化度和评价值等指标与面粉品质的关系,以及如何根据拉伸曲线中面团最大拉伸阻力、延伸度和拉伸曲线面积等指标来评价面团品质,并结合生产实际,概述了粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的作用。     

农村信息化服务的现状及建设措施

分析当前我国农村信息化服务的现状,提出加强农村信息化服务的新举措。     

车辆ABS控制算法的研究及探讨

对现代汽车的ABS控制算法作了一些简单的介绍,同时指出了它们的一些缺陷,相应地提出了几种对ABS的其它控制方法并加以探讨,其中着重论述了ABS门限值控制算法中参考车速的确定方法和基于附着系数的控制算法。