不同硒源对育肥后期猪生长性能及肉质性状的影响

试验旨在研究亚硒酸钠、酵母硒、混合硒(亚硒酸钠+酵母硒)等不同硒源对育肥猪后期的影响。试验采用单因子试验设计,设亚硒酸钠、酵母硒、混合硒(亚硒酸钠+酵母硒)等3个硒源,在0.3 mg/kg的添加浓度下对育肥猪生长性能和肉质性状的影响。结果显示,基础日粮中添加不同硒源后,猪的生长性能无显著差异,能够显著降低肉质性状中的滴水损失。结果说明,在此次试验条件下,不同硒源对育肥后期猪的各生长性能指标无显著影响,能够显著改变部分肉质性状指标,可为不同硒源在生猪饲料中的添加及利用提供试验基础和理论依据。     

猪群大小对生长性能的影响

人们非常有兴趣于对生长肥育猪进行大群饲养 (每群 1 0 0头甚至更多 ) ,以这一手段来降低每头猪分摊的建筑和设备的成本。然而 ,历史上关于猪群大小对生产性能影响的数据是以每群 2 0～ 3 0头猪为基础的。本报告简述了最近进行于美国伊利诺斯大学和其它一些地方的研究 ,其结果表明 ,每群多达 1 0 0头的大群猪与每群 2 0头左右的常规大小的猪群相比 ,对保育期仔猪的生长性能而非对生长肥育猪有不利影响。最终 ,最适当的猪群大小应该根据生产成本高低以及是否易于管理来决定。有趣的是 ,最经济的猪群大小可能随着猪体重的不同而不同。     

不同硒源对生长育肥猪生产性能的影响

近年来,研究已表明有机硒比无机硒更容易在动物体内贮存.硒酵母作为有机硒的一种,具有酵母和有机硒的双重作用.笔者拟用硒酵母和亚硒酸钠作比较,通过对生长育肥猪生长性能、肉质以及抗氧化指标的检测,验证硒酵母对生长育肥猪的生长和肉质有无影响,同时,进一步探讨硒酵母的作用机理.     

不同硒源对雌性水貂繁殖性能及其后代生长性能的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加不同硒源对雌性水貂繁殖性能及其后代生长性能的影响。选取80只配种期初产母貂,随机分成4组,每组20个重复,每个重复1只。对照组（CN组）饲喂基础饲粮（硒含量0.18 mg/kg）,试验组分别在基础饲粮中添加0.2 mg/kg（以硒计）亚硒酸钠（SS组）、酵母硒（SY组）、硒代蛋氨酸（Se-Met组）。试验期130 d。结果表明：1) Se-Met组和SY组仔貂21日龄体重显著高于CN组（P<0.05）,Se-Met组和SY组仔貂42日龄体重显著高于CN组和SS组（P<0.05）。各组之间母貂窝产仔数及仔貂初生窝重、初生体重、7日龄体重、35日龄体重无显著差异（P>0.05）。2)SY组母貂血清谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）活性显著高于CN组和SS组（P<0.05）,Se-Met组母貂血清活性氧（ROS）含量极显著低于CN组和SS组（P<0.01）。各组之间母貂血清总超氧化物歧化酶（T-SOD）活性及硒、丙二醛（MDA）含量无显著差异（P>0.05）。3)SY组和Se-Met组仔貂血清硒含量显著高于CN组和SS组（P<...     

不同硒源对肉鸡生长性能和抗氧化功能的影响

为了研究日粮中添加不同硒源对肉鸡生长性能和抗氧化功能的影响,选240羽初始体重在40g左右的1日龄白羽肉鸡,随机分为4组,分别为对照组(基础日粮中不添加硒)、亚硒酸钠组(基础日粮中添加亚硒酸钠)、酵母硒组(基础日粮中添加酵母硒)和羟基-硒代蛋氨酸组(基础中日粮添加羟基-硒代蛋氨酸),各组分别进行生长性能和抗氧化功能指标的测定。结果显示,基础日粮中添加不同硒源对肉鸡生长性能没有显著影响,但能适度降低肉鸡死亡率;饲料中添加硒源会显著提高肉鸡肝脏匀浆中抗氧化功能指标,且添加有机硒源(酵母硒、羟基-硒代蛋氨酸)的效果优于添加无机硒源(亚硒酸钠)的。     

不同预混料对生长猪生产性能的影响

试验选用体重为26.62±1.87千克的杜长大三元杂交瘦肉型生长猪58头,随机分为2个组,以某名牌预混料产品为对照,研究自配预混料对生长猪生产性能的影响.结果表明,两组猪日增重、料肉比均无显著差异,但试验组饲料成本比对照组低0.14元.     

半胱胺对生长肥育猪生产性能的影响

为了探讨半胱胺对生长肥育猪生产性能的影响 ,将 80头“杜大长”三元杂肉猪分为两组进行对比试验。对照组饲喂基础日粮 ,试验组饲喂基础日粮 +5 0 0 g/t半胱胺。结果如下 :在生长期 ,两组的平均日增重及耗料增重比几乎没有差异 ,试验组平均每头比对照组少收入 2 77元 ;在肥育期 ,试验组平均日增重比对照组提高 5 48%(P >0 0 5 ) ,耗料增重比降低 5 8% ,头均收入增加 9 81元。     

洛克沙胂对生长猪生长性能的影响

洛克沙胂对生长猪生长性能的影响田河万熙卿李德发吴金龙顾赛红（沈阳农业大学畜牧兽医学院·沈阳东陵·１１０１６１）（农业部饲料工业中心砷是动物必需的微量元素,广泛分布于体组织和体液中。研究表明,缺砷可导致动物生长缓慢,繁殖性能下降。目前,国收稿日期：１９...     

季节对生长肥育猪生产性能的影响

季节对生长肥育猪生产性能的影响（浙江省农科院畜牧兽医所）卢伟，潘建诒，翁经强，华卫东季节差异主要因素之一为环境温度的变化，随着养猪业的发展，环境温度对养猪生产力的影响越来越为广大畜牧工作者认识和重视。温度对生长的影响主要表现在能量的利用率上。环境温度...     

抗热应激剂对高温条件下生长猪生产性能和代谢的影响

选取体重约 2 0kg的杜× (长×大 )杂交猪 90头 ,随机分为 5个处理 ,每个处理 3个重复 ,每重复 6头 ,单栏饲养于试验猪舍内。各组分别饲喂含不同抗热应激剂的饲粮 ,对照组不含抗热应激剂 ,试验组依次添加中草药添加剂 2 %、蛋氨酸锌 5 30mg/kg、吡啶甲酸铬 2 0 0mg/kg和酸化剂 15 0 0mg/kg ,饲养期 4 9d。试验结果表明 :①含抗热应激剂各试验组的日增重和采食量均高于对照组 ,而蛋氨酸锌组和吡啶甲酸铬组的料重比均低于对照组 ;②从血清生化指标看 ,酸化剂组BUN(P <0 .0 5 )和SOD值 (P <0 .0 1)显著低于对照组 (P <0 .0 5 )。而各组的TG和MDA差异不显著 (P >0 .0 5 )。总之 ,中草药添加剂、蛋氨酸锌、吡啶甲酸铬和酸化剂均能增强生长猪在高温条件下的蛋白质分解和糖异生作用 ,进而改善生产性能     

Effect of selenium supplementation and source on the selenium status of horses

This study was conducted to determine the effect of Se supplementation and source on the Se status of horses. Eighteen 18-mo-old nonexercised horses were randomly assigned within sex to 1 of 3 treatments: 1) control (CTRL, no supplemental Se, 0.15 mg of Se/kg of total diet DM); 2) inorganic Se (INORG, CTRL + 0.45 mg of Se/kg of total diet DM from NaSeO3); or organic Se [ORG, CTRL + 0.45 mg of Se/kg of total diet DM from zinc-L-selenomethionine (Availa Se, Zinpro, Corp., Eden Prairie, MN)]. Horses were acclimated to the CTRL diet (7.1 kg of DM alfalfa hay and 1.2 kg of DM concentrate per horse daily) for 28 d. After the acclimation period, the appropriate treatment was top-dressed on the individually fed concentrate for 56 d. Jugular venous blood samples were collected on d 0, 28, and 56. Middle gluteal muscle biopsies were collected on d 0 and 56. Muscle and plasma were analyzed for Se concentrations. Glutathione peroxidase activity was measured in muscle (M GPx-1), plasma (P GPx-3), and red blood cells (RBC GPx-1). Data were analyzed as a repeated measures design. Mean plasma Se concentration on d 28 and 56 was greater (P < 0.05) for Se-supplemented horses compared with CTRL horses, and tended (P < 0.1) to be greater in ORG vs. INORG on d 28. Mean muscle Se concentration and P GPx-3 activities increased (P < 0.05) from d 0 to 56 but were not affected by treatment. Mean RBC GPx-1 activity tended to be greater (P < 0.1) in ORG than INORG or CTRL horses on d 28, and tended to be greater (P < 0.1) for INORG compared with ORG horses on d 56. Mean RBC GPx-1 activity of INORG and ORG horses was not different from that of CTRL on d 56. Mean M GPx-1 activity decreased (P < 0.01) from d 0 to 56. In conclusion, zinc-L-selenomethionine was more effective than NaSeO3 at increasing plasma Se concentration from d 0 to 28; however, both supplemental Se sources had a similar effect by d 56. No difference in Se status due to Se supplementation or source could be detected over a 56-d supplementation period by monitoring middle gluteal muscle Se, M GPx-1, or P GPx-3. Results for RBC GPx-1 also were inconclusive relative to the effect of Se supplementation and source.     

Effects of riboflavin supplementation and selenium source on selenium metabolism in the young pig

The effect of dietary riboflavin (B2) supplementation and selenium (Se) source on the performance and Se metabolism of weanling pigs was studied. Pigs fed a B2-supplemented (10 mg/kg) casein-glucose diet for 18 d gained faster than pigs fed the B2-unsupplemented diet. Percentage active erythrocyte glutathione reductase (GR) declined rapidly when pigs were placed on the B2-unsupplemented diet and was lower (P less than .01) than that of B2-supplemented pigs after 12 d on test. Percentage active erythrocyte GR values fell below 50% before other B2 deficiency signs became evident. Supplementation of diets with 10 mg B2/kg resulted in increased kidney and muscle glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity. The Se concentration of liver and heart increased and plasma Se levels decreased with dietary B2 supplementation. Riboflavin supplementation and Se source did not alter apparent Se absorption, but B2 supplementation decreased urinary Se and thus increased Se retention. Also, there was less urinary Se excretion when selenomethionine was the dietary Se source and consequently more Se was retained than when sodium selenite was the dietary Se source. In a final trial, B2 supplementation increased kidney, muscle, heart and brain GSH-Px activity when sodium selenite was the dietary Se source, but not when selenomethionine was the dietary Se source.     

Effect of selenium source and dose on selenium status of mature horses

This study was conducted to determine the effects of either dietary Se source or dose on the Se status of horses. Twenty-five mature horses were blocked by BW and randomly allocated to 1 of 5 dietary treatments that comprised the same basal diet that differed only in Se source or dose. Treatments were as follows: negative control (0.085 mg of Se/kg of DM), 3 different dietary concentrations of supplemental organic Se (Se yeast; 0.2, 0.3, and 0.4 mg of total Se/kg of DM), and positive control (0.3 mg of total Se/kg of DM) supplemented with Na selenite. Horses initially received the control diet (6 kg of grass hay and 3 kg of concentrate per horse daily) for 56 d to allow diet adaptation. After the period of diet adaptation, horses were offered their respective treatments for a continuous period of 112 d. Jugular venous blood samples were collected before the morning feed on d 0, 28, 56, 84, and 112. Whole blood and plasma were analyzed for total Se, glutathione peroxidase activity in whole blood (GPX-1) and plasma, and thyroid hormones (thyroxine and triiodothyronine) in plasma. The proportion of total Se as selenomethionine (SeMet) or selenocysteine in pooled whole blood and plasma samples was determined on d 0, 56, and 112. Data were analyzed as repeated measures. Total Se in blood and plasma and GPX-1 activity were greater in all supplemented horses (P < 0.001, except P < 0.01 for GPX-1 in horses supplemented with the least dose of Se yeast) with a linear dose effect of Se yeast for whole blood and plasma Se (P < 0.001) and a quadratic dose effect (P < 0.05) for whole blood GPX-1 activity. A plateau for total Se in plasma was achieved within 75 to 90 d, although this was not observed in blood total Se or GPX-1 activity. On d 84 and 112, horses supplemented with Se yeast showed greater total Se in blood (P < 0.05) compared with horses supplemented with Na selenite, and a source effect (P < 0.05) was observed in the relationship between total blood Se and GPX-1 activity. Selenocysteine (the predominant form of Se in whole blood and plasma) increased in all horses supplemented with Se. The SeMet content of whole blood and plasma increased in horses supplemented with Se yeast, but it was not observed in those supplemented with selenite. The rate of increase in SeMet over time was greater in whole blood (P < 0.05) and plasma (P = 0.10) with the Se yeast product. In conclusion, Se yeast was more effective than Na selenite in increasing total Se in blood, mainly as consequence of a greater increase of the proportion of Se comprised as SeMet, but it did not modify GPX-1 activity.     

Effects of selenium source on measures of selenium status and immune function in horses

The effects of selenium (Se) supplementation and source on equine immune function have not been extensively studied. This study examined the effects of oral Se supplementation and Se source on aspects of innate and adaptive immunity in horses. Fifteen horses were assigned to 1 of 3 groups (5 horses/group): control, inorganic Se (sodium selenite), organic Se (Se yeast). Immune function tests performed included: lymphocyte proliferation in response to mitogen concanavalin A, neutrophil phagocytosis, antibody production after rabies vaccination, relative cytokine gene expression in stimulated lymphocytes [interferon gamma (IFNγ), interleukin (IL)-2, IL-5, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα)], and neutrophils (IL-1, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12, TNFα). Plasma, red blood cell Se, and blood glutathione peroxidase activity were measured. Plasma and red blood cell Se were highest in horses in the organic Se group, compared with that of inorganic Se or control groups. Organic Se supplementation increased the relative lymphocyte expression of IL-5, compared with inorganic Se or no Se. Selenium supplementation increased relative neutrophil expression of IL-1 and IL-8. Other measures of immune function were unaffected. Dietary Se content and source appear to influence immune function in horses, including alterations in lymphocyte expression of IL-5, and neutrophil expression of IL-1 and IL-8.     

Effect of subcutaneous selenium injection and supplementary selenium source on blood selenium and glutathione peroxidase in feedlot heifers

This study measured the effect on glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and selenium (Se) in whole blood and plasma associated with subcutaneous Se injections in beef heifers fed organic or inorganic Se. Heifers (n = 120) were randomly divided into 2 groups, 1 of which received subcutaneous Se injections. Both groups were given the same total mixed ration with 3 mg of organic or inorganic Se daily. Until week 2, heifers that had received Se injections showed higher concentrations of plasma Se and GSH-Px and whole blood Se (P < 0.001) than those having had no injections. Concentrations of plasma Se and GSH-Px were higher in the group receiving organic Se than the group receiving inorganic Se. Whole blood GSH-Px concentrations increased significantly (P < 0.001) throughout a 12-week period but were not affected by Se source. Combination of Se injections and supplementation could help maintain normal Se and GSH-Px blood status in beef heifers during the first few weeks in the feedlot.     

Effect of dietary selenium source, level, and pig hair color on various selenium indices

The first experiment evaluated the effects of feeding various levels of Se, two Se sources, and hair color on selenosis responses in growing-finishing pigs. The study conducted in two replicates was a 2 x 6 x 2 factorial arrangement in a split-plot design. Sodium selenite and Se-enriched yeast added at 0.3, 1, 3, 5, 7, and 10 ppm Se served as the main plot and pig hair color as the subplot. A total of 96 crossbred pigs were allotted and fed their treatment diets for a 12-wk period. White and dark (red or black) hair samples were collected from the dorsal-midline at the 4-, 8-, and 12-wk periods from one pig of each hair color from each treatment pen. Lower pig weights (P < 0.10) and daily gains (P < 0.05) occurred as dietary Se level increased when pigs were fed either Se source. Selenosis responses were somewhat more severe, when the inorganic Se source was fed. Alopecia and hoof separation were encountered after the 8-wk period when pigs were fed inorganic rather than organic Se. Plasma Se increased as dietary level increased (P < 0.01), when organic Se was provided (P < 0.01), and was higher (P < 0.05) when pigs were white-haired. A time x hair color x dietary Se level interaction (P < 0.05) occurred, in which hair Se concentration was higher in dark- than in white-colored pigs and increased as dietary Se level increased as the experiment progressed. The correlation coefficient between dietary Se level and hair Se concentration averaged 0.90 (P < 0.01). Cysteine was the amino acid in the highest concentration in hair, but this and other amino acids were not affected by Se level, Se source, or hair color. A second experiment was a 3 x 6 factorial arrangement in a split-plot design with three 9-mo-old gilts from each of the Yorkshire, Duroc, and Hampshire breeds to determine whether hair Se concentration differed by body location and breed. Hair samples were collected from the shoulder, back, rump, front-leg, belly, and hind-leg areas. Hair Se concentration was higher in red- and white-haired pigs and lower in black-haired gilts (P < 0.01). Higher hair Se concentrations (P < 0.05) occurred from the lower than from the upper body areas. Our results suggest that selenosis occurs at dietary levels > 5 ppm and that white-haired pigs exhibit alopecia sooner than dark-haired pigs. No difference in hair Se concentration occurred when diets were < 1 ppm Se, but as dietary Se level increased dark-haired pigs retained more Se in their hair than white-haired pigs.     

Effects of supplement type and selenium source on measures of growth and selenium status in yearling beef steers

Sugarcane molasses is a widely used animal feed by-product, but is concentrated in S (approximately 1%, DM basis) and has been shown to reduce the Cu status of cattle. Dietary S may also antagonize Se; therefore, two 90-d studies were conducted with forage-fed, yearling steers (12 pens; 2 steers/pen for each study) to investigate the impact of molasses supplementation on measures of Se status. In Exp. 1, steers were assigned isonitrogenous supplements with equivalent amounts of TDN from 2 sources (molasses or corn). Supplemental Se was provided (3.0 mg of Se/d; Na selenite) to both treatments. After 90 d of supplementation, steers provided corn diets had greater (P = 0.02) liver Se concentrations and tended (P = 0.07) to have greater ADG compared with steers supplemented with molasses. Irrespective of treatment (P >/= 0.54), plasma Se concentrations decreased (P < 0.001) and plasma glutathione peroxidase activity increased (P < 0.001) from d 0 to 90. In Exp. 2, sources of supplemental Se (2.5 mg/ d), fed within molasses supplements, were compared. Treatments included 1) Na selenite, 2) Se-yeast (Sel-Plex, Alltech, Nicholasville, KY), or 3) no Se (control). Cattle provided supplemental Se, irrespective of source, had greater (P 相似文献   

不同硒源村黄羽肉鸡肉品质的影响

试验选用黄羽肉鸡(岭南黄)270只,预饲一周后淘汰弱雏,选用体况相近的雏鸡,随机分9组,进行饲养试验,试验末期70日龄进行屠宰试验,研究亚硒酸钠和硒代蛋氨酸对黄羽肉鸡屠宰品质的影响.结果表明,在等量添加基础上,硒代蛋氨酸比亚硒酸钠更有利于提高黄羽肉鸡肉品质,但是,对于肌纤维直径,两种硒源在各添加组间并无显著差异.     

硒多糖的来源、提取及其生物学功能研究进展

硒多糖是硒与多糖结合在一起的有机硒化合物,是一种新型的硒源,具有清除自由基、保护神经活性、增强免疫力、抗肿瘤、抗炎等多种功能。硒多糖具有特殊的化学结构——硒氧键（O=Se=O）,有别于普通多糖,其能够发挥硒和多糖的双重功效,活性远高于硒或多糖。本文就硒多糖的来源、提取、分离纯化及生物学功能等方面的研究进展进行综述,以期为未来畜牧业新型饲料添加剂的开发、应用和推广提供理论依据。[关键词] 硒多糖|来源|提取|生物学功能     

Effect of dietary sodium nitroprusside as a source of cyanide on the selenium status of chicks given diets of varying selenium concentration

1. The interaction between dietary cyanide, given in the form of sodium nitroprusside (SNP), and selenium has been studied in two experiments with growing chicks from 14 to 38 d of age.

2. In experiment 1, dietary selenium at 10 mg Se/kg reduced growth, food intake and efficiency of utilisation, and increased relative liver size and selenium content. All of these effects were eliminated by the addition of 0–1 g SNP/kg except for liver selenium content, which progressively declined towards control values as SNP was increased to 0–4 g/kg in increments of 0.1 g/kg. At 0.3 g SNP/kg, cyanide toxicity, as judged by decreased growth, reached significance.

3. In experiment 2, similar effects were observed with selenium at 10 mg Se/kg and SNP at 0.3 g/kg, but selenium deficiency was not evident from growth indicators when selenium supplementation of the diet was omitted completely, nor did these indicators suggest that deficiency was induced by cyanide.

4. In both experiments, plasma and liver glutathione peroxidase activity reflected the dietary selenium content. There was an interaction with dietary SNP content. With selenium intake at a toxic level, SNP increased enzyme activity, further evidence of alleviation of selenium toxicity, but when selenium intake was low and normal, SNP decreased activity in liver, an indication that cyanide could induce deficiency.

5. A possible mechanism for alleviation of selenium toxicity is proposed.