Difficult interactions with veterinary clients: working in the challenge zone.

As veterinarians, effective interactions with clients and coworkers are fundamental to our professional satisfaction and success. This article first reviews the basis of a difficult interaction and provides specific communication skills to help the veterinarian more successfully manage situations that he or she may find difficult. Then, the authors offer exercises to assist veterinarians in practicing these skills. The information in this article relies closely on the work provided through the Bayer Animal Health Communications Project.     

低碳畜牧的甜与难

<正>茶馆茶,久饮,可以益思、可以养性;茶馆,常往,可品论道,道尽天下时事。时事如茶,需时刻关注、不断辨析;久之,便可把脉风云、运筹帷幄。2010年,可以称之为低碳年,各行各业均从各自领域开展低碳     

浅谈孕犬难产

在犬病临床上，孕犬自然分娩从产程开始(即第一次出现宫缩)，到10h以上仍未能分娩的情况为难产。难产的发病原因较为复杂，通过这些年对我室难产病例的分析，各类难产的发生可因孕犬品种，胎儿体况以及外界因素的影响而各不同。一般地说，短头品种犬比头长品种犬易发生难产：初产犬比经产     

The art of physical diagnosis.

Preservation of the art of physical examination of food animals is warranted because veterinarians are still asked to assess sick valuable individuals as well as sick animals that may be representative of herd or flock problems. It is very important to establish a consistent, thorough routine for physical and rectal examination to ensure that no problems are overlooked. An example of a routine for examining dairy cattle is presented, as is a sample form for recording findings.     

Cytologic diagnosis of diseases of invertebrates.

Invertebrate medicine in the context of an exotic or zoo animal veterinary practice is in its infancy. Establishment of species-specific reference values and evaluation of the effectiveness of cytology for diagnosis of specific diseases are necessary. Despite the lack of normal reference parameters for most species encountered in clinical practice, important information may be obtained from cytologic examination of tissue imprints, aspirates, scrapings, and hemolymph. This information may be essential to establish a specific diagnosis, focus investigations, and influence treatments. It is hoped that this article stimulates veterinarians who work with invertebrates to use diagnostic cytology and disseminate the results of their experience.     

Cytologic diagnosis of diseases of hedgehogs.

This article focuses on neoplastic diseases because they may be the most frequent disease processes in captive hedgehogs according to the literature and authors' case files and the most common cases submitted for cytologic diagnosis in these species, particularly the African hedgehog (Atelerix albiventris).     

Cytologic diagnosis of diseases of ferrets.

Cytology is a useful, rapid, inexpensive diagnostic technique that is particularly suitable for ferrets because of their small size and readily accessible organs and tissues. This article begins with a brief discussion of general cytologic information. The remainder of the article concentrates on the cytologic features of common diseases that affect ferrets.     

Molecular diagnosis of inherited neuromuscular disease.

Prevention of inherited disease in companion animals is largely dependent on prebreeding identification of carriers of autosomal recessive disease traits. Molecular diagnosis is emerging as a convenient and reliable method of carrier detection, but few molecular diagnostic tests of inherited neuromuscular disease are readily available. New test development depends on investigations to determine disease genes and the disease causing mutations. A general approach to molecular diagnosis of inherited disorders is discussed.