柴油发电机驱动的热泵干燥系统开发与优化

设计了柴油发电机驱动的移动式热泵干燥系统,该系统由蒸汽压缩式热泵(热泵工质为R134a)提供热量,以卧式多室流化床为干燥室。在风道中设置换热器回收柴油机冷却水和烟气余热,以提高系统一次能源利用率。针对该系统建立了流化床、热泵、柴油发电机组耦合为一体的综合数学模型。数学模型计算结果表明:干燥室入口空气温度在60～90℃时,干燥系统的除湿能耗比先升后降,在70℃附近存在一个最大值。样机实验表明:设备在设计工况下运行时,平均热泵性能系数为4.66,一次能源利用率为1.09,除湿能耗比可达3.08 kg/(kW·h),模型计算与实验结果吻合良好,采用该装置进行谷物干燥节能效果明显。     

牧草种子热泵辅助型太阳能储热干燥设备设计与试验

针对牧草种子干燥设备在能耗、排放和太阳能使用等方面存在的问题,提出了太阳能储热供热为主,尾气由热泵除湿后回收使用为辅的节能零排放干燥模式,完成了集热、储热和热泵等主要工作部件以及整机的结构设计,用移动式设计实现了太阳能集热可控和整机安全贮存.试验结果表明:处理量161 kg/h,度电处理量8.4 kg/(kW·h),干燥能力3 367 kg·％/h,干燥强度6.7 kg/(m3 ·h);太阳能相变储热干燥、太阳能一热泵联合干燥、热泵干燥和电加热干燥4种供热干燥模式的耗电量之比是0.9:1.0:1.2:1.5.     

稻谷热管辅助热泵除湿干燥技术

针对热泵除湿干燥系统因降温除湿致使干燥介质热空气温度偏低,影响稻谷干燥速率和能耗,在热泵蒸发器两侧设计一套分离式热管换热器,对环境空气进行预冷却和预加热,在不增加能耗的前提下,提高了热泵除湿系统的除湿量和干燥空气的温度。试验研究表明当环境温度为27℃、空气相对温度为60%~78%时,热管换热器对应降低除湿能耗28.4%~9.6%。在环境温度为26.2℃、空气相对湿度为80.2%时,热管辅助热泵除湿稻谷干燥能耗为1560kJ/kg,相对热泵除湿干燥系统节能18.2%。     

枸杞热泵干燥室系统设计与应用

根据枸杞热风干燥失水规律,设计了满足干燥1t枸杞鲜果的热泵干燥室,并对热泵干燥室进行应用试验。本批次干燥量为1000kg鲜枸杞,结果表明：热泵干燥系统供热充裕,升温灵敏,温湿度控制精准,能够满足枸杞干燥工艺的需求,压缩机的蒸发温度、冷凝温度均在其正常工作范围内;比较了干燥室内部不同位置的枸杞间的品质,并与同批次燃煤干燥室产品进行对比,表明热泵干燥室后部枸杞总酚、总黄酮、DPPH清除率、铁离子还原能力均显著高于燃煤干燥枸杞,前部枸杞总酚、总黄酮、DPPH清除率、铁离子还原能力与其相当,且热泵干燥枸杞总胡萝卜素含量均显著高于燃煤干燥枸杞;本批次干燥总耗电为416kW·h,单位能耗除湿量为1.57kg/（kW·h）, 总费用为208元,按照干果干燥量核算成本为0.81元/kg,相对于燃煤干燥成本降低了19%。     

两级压缩热泵干燥装置制冷剂的优选及性能研究

通过优选两级压缩热泵系统的制冷剂,提高物料的干燥速率,给出优选的原则以及适合的高温制冷剂;并基于木材的两级压缩热泵干燥装置研究了旁通率对除湿量的影响,同时又根据不同蒸发温度下,物料的除湿量和除湿能耗比进行了分析研究,给出了其中的运行规律,以提高能量利用率。     

南方稻谷干燥特性及热泵技术应用优势分析

通过分析南方稻谷的干燥特性、传统燃料谷物干燥机的特点和应用状况,指出了传统谷物干燥机难以满足南方稻谷干燥的共性问题,阐述了热泵干燥技术在高温高湿条件下的应用优势。对自主研发的5HRD-30型稻谷热泵干燥机进行了应用试验测试,在设定干燥温度为55～60℃时,将稻谷水分由29.28%干燥至14%,耗时18.56 h,较传统谷物干燥机（设定干燥温度70℃以上）的烘干时间24.5 h缩短了24.2%,平均干燥速率为0.835%/h,每吨湿谷烘干能耗为59.87 kW·h,稻谷爆腰率增值为0.66%,实现了南方稻谷低能耗高品质高效烘干。     

小黄鱼热泵干燥工艺及设备选型分析

研究了不同热泵干燥温度下小黄鱼的干燥特性,并对其干燥品质进行分析。结果表明在干燥温度55℃、铺放密度为6.48 kg/m2的条件下干燥时间为13.5 h,干燥品质最优。在综合考虑能耗、企业加工条件和产品品质的前提下,将生产工艺参数确定为:干燥温度60℃、铺放密度为6~7 kg/m2,干燥时间为10~12 h。根据企业日处理量5.5~6.0 t的加工要求,通过对产能核算及加工成本计算,确定设备选型方案为:1台GHRH-510型热泵干燥机与2台GHRH-340型热泵干燥机,该方案投资回报期短,社会效益明显。     

果蔬太阳能热泵组合干燥设备干燥核桃的试验研究

果蔬太阳能热泵组合干燥设备是利用太阳能和空气热能为热源,可完成果品的干燥加工的设备。本文以新疆叶城扎―343核桃为试验材料,利用果蔬太阳能热泵组合干燥设备,研究生产率、工作温度和空气流速对核桃干燥的影响,通过正交试验找出最佳的干燥方案。结果表明干燥核桃的最佳方案为:生产率为1000kg/h,温度为58℃,空气流速为3m/s,在此条件下核桃的干燥时间为12h,极大的减少了核桃干燥的时间。     

热泵干燥系统最大除湿量计算模型

推导热泵干燥系统的最大除湿量与蒸发温度关系的计算模型,并对模型的计算结果进行误差分析。以相关文献中压缩机0℃~75℃的性能参数为基础,比较分析该模型计算的除湿量得到相对误差为-1.931%~1.581%,与案例除湿量相对误差为-0.383%~0.223%,绝对误差为-0.017 1~0.015 8g/s,所得计算模型对热泵干燥系统的优化设计具有重要意义。     

热泵干燥系统几种循环的对比分析与研究

基于对热泵干燥机理和干燥除湿过程的分析，对比研究了几种典型的热泵干燥系统，结果表明：加装辅助冷却器的热泵干燥系统具有除湿快、节约干燥时间以及减少干燥能耗等优点。     

Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies

Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m⁻¹) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day⁻¹. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day⁻¹), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day⁻¹ was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration.     

车用发动机润滑油失效规律与更换周期研究

研究在正常使用条件下１０Ｗ／３０－ＱＣ级润滑油用于某型车用发动机时所表现的失效规律,确认期服从两参数Ｗｅｉｂｕｌｌ分布,并给出分布的尺度参数η和形状参数ｍ之最佳线性无偏估计（ＢＬＵＥ）同时,还为定量分析,计算车用发动机润滑油的使用可靠性和合理确定其更换周期提供了一套可供借鉴的方法,并给出了具体的计算实例。     

农村剩余劳动力就业问题的探讨

论述了我国农村剩余劳动力就业的意义,并针对我国农村剩余劳动力的现状,提出多渠道促进农村剩余劳动力就业的途径和办法。     

乡（镇）农业技术推广体系存在的问题及对策

乡（镇）农技推广体系是农业发展的关键。介绍朝阳市农业技术推广体系的现状,针对目前体制及运行机制、服务手段等方面存在的问题,提出适合朝阳市乡（镇）农技推广体系改革与发展的对策,以期对全省农技推广体系改革和发展起到一些借鉴作用。     

草莓的采收与贮藏

草莓果味酸甜爽口,营养价值高,为人们所喜爱的应市鲜果之一。由于草莓易受损伤和微生物侵染,因此其采收、贮藏过程极为重要。介绍草莓采收过程中的注意事项以及11种贮藏保鲜技术的实施步骤和操作方法,推介9种加工方式,为草莓产业化提供技术支持。     

金谷子耐旱TG118引种试种及推广应用

对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。     

对《种子法》存在问题的探讨

《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。     

瓦房店市水果生产标准化发展研究

瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。     

和谐社会理论建设的几点哲学思考

在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。     

Quantifying the sustainability of agriculture

The rural sustainability index is a scientifically based tool to quantify the performance of agriculture. The sustainability of crop production is quantified from three perspectives; people, planet and profit. Within each perspective, one condition was selected that must be met to warrant agriculture. These are: No hazardous work should be used within the crop production chain; agricultural crops should not be grown on land allocated to nature by national law or regulations and, when a GM-crop is present or is introduced in a region, it should not harm development opportunities of other farmers. If these excluding conditions are met, the sustainability of agriculture is assessed through five performance indicators on school attendance, water use and consumption, fertilizer use, pesticide use, and farm income. For each of the five indicators, critical values and target values have been given that limit the transition range between non-sustainable and sustainable production. The five indicators are combined into a sustainability index. The index aims at improving the socio-economic position of farmers while protecting the environment.