对搞好国有森林资源资产评估工作的探讨

对搞好国有森林资源资产评估工作的探讨杨大起，黎聪一、福建省部分国有林资产评估、建账等工作的情况为了深化林业改革，加强林地和林木资源的产权管理，促进林木生产商品化，为建立森林市场积极创造条件，近年来，福建省在实行统一林价制度，解决森林资源资产无价的基础...     

简讯

简讯林业部资淅和林政管理司召开国有森林资源资产化管理专家咨询会在社会主义市场经济条件下，对国有森林资源实行资产化管理的重要性和必要性已为各级领导和广大林业工作者所共识。为了加强这项工作，经部批准，资源林政司设立森林资源资产和监督专员管理力、公室。目前...     

森林资源资产化管理与社会主义市场经济

从森林资源与森林资产的区别与联系出发,探讨了对国有森林资源实行资产化管理的必要性及已具备的初步条件,提出了制定资产化管理方案应遵循的原则,并讨论了实行资产化管理的前期工作和实施步骤。前期工作重点是实行森林资源资产所有权与经营权的分离、明确产权关系和建立产权市场。推进国有森林资源资产化管理可三步到位。     

试论实行森林资源资产化管理应解决的几个问题

森林资源实行资产化管理是针对现行国有森林资源管理体制中存在问题而提出,是林业工作者探索和完善的课题。文章就实行资产化管理,必须解决森林资源有偿使用、资源评价、明晰森林资源产权及资源管理运行机制等问题进行了论述。     

关于国有森林资产管理的几个问题

国有森林资源,是国有资产的重要组成部分,随着社会主义市场经济对林业的要求日渐提高,林业生产商品化改革日渐深入。实行森林资源所有权与经营权两权分离与有偿使用。实行依法治林、科学治林、按经济政策治林,必须对森林资源深入开展资产评估并加强管理。 森林资产的性质与特点 森林资产是森林资源的货币形式。它与林地、林木、野生动物和植物。以及生态功能五个部分组成,林地资产是林业经营施业区内的各类土地资源之总称.包括各林种的有林地、疏林地、新     

浅谈国有森林资产监督管理

在确定国有森林资产监督管理原则的基础上，论述了森林资产监督管理的职责，以及解决国有森林资产保值增值应注意的问题。     

国有森林资源资产产权变动现状剖析

在加快以国有林场为主的国有林业单位改革与发展的实践中，浙江省采取多种改革方式和不同的资产组织形式，通过改组、联合、兼并、租赁、承包经营、股份合作制、拍卖、破产等多种措施，理顺产权关系，改善产权结构，实现制度创新，使一部分国有林业单位摆脱了困境，调动了职工劳动积极性。现就浙江省国有森林资源资产产权变动问题作一探讨。１．森林资源资产与森林资源资产产权变动简述森林资源资产，是具有森林生态系统的物质结构，以森林资源为物质财富内涵的财产。森林资源资产分为林地资产、林木资产、林区野生动植物资产、森林环境资产…     

云南省首次对国有商品林资源进行资产评估

2006年8月，受云南省思茅市国有林管理局委托，北京中林资产评估有限公司与国家林业局调查规划设计院、国家林业局昆明勘察设汁院三家单位共同承担了该市拟流转80万亩国有商品林资源资产评估工作。这是云南省首次对国有商品林资源进行资产评估。国家林业局昆明勘察设计院主要承     

伐区森林资源资产评估方法在实际应用中需注意的问题

伐区是指按生产任务量和林相条件已确定采伐的地块,伐区森林资源资产主要指采伐木、林地及保留木。伐区森林资源资产采伐后直接进入市场,是国有林区森林资源变化最大、消耗量最多的部分。所以,对伐区森林资源资产进行评估,确定合理的评估值,将有助于加强森林资源源头的管理,促进国有森林资源资产化改革,为实行森林资源的有偿使用和建立森林资源资产正常运转机制创造条件,同时,也为商品林建设的资产化管理积累经验。1伐区采伐木资产评估方法的应用 伐区采伐木采伐后即可进入销售市场,因此,在资产评估中利用现行市价法中的市场价倒算法是首     

社会主义市场经济条件下国有森林资产管理模式的探讨

对当前国有林业企业出现“两危”的原因进行了分析，依据森林资产的基本特性和社会主义市场经济条件下经济规律的要求，提出了国有森林资产管理模式的设想。     

CAD与建筑设计的关系

本文分析了CAD在设计中引起的正面和负面影响,并进行了系统的阐述,从而使设计者在应用中能够保持客观的态度。     

森林冠层结构与功能及其时空变化研究进展*

林冠是森林与外界环境相互作用最直接和最活跃的界面层 ,同时 ,它本身又承载了森林生物多样性的主体部分。森林冠层研究的方法和技术在近些年取得了长足发展 ,从而促进了有关林冠结构与功能的研究。这些研究深化了人们对于林冠结构与光能截获以及群落干物质积累之间关系的认识 ,同时 ,对于森林冠层的物质循环和能量传输以及冠层内各营养级之间相互关系动态也有了更为深入的理解。考察森林冠层的结构与功能及其时空变化是深入理解整个森林生态系统的格局、过程及其运作机制的重要基础。     

Persistence of herbicides in forest nursery soils

The persistence of the four herbicides atrazine, hexazinone, lenacil and linuron was studied in forest nursery soils. The adsorption capacities of the soils for the chemicals were described by the distribution coefficients kj and k_oc. Due to the low content of organic matter in the soils the k_a‐values were low, in several cases being <1 for hexazinone. Hexazinone also had the lowest k _oc‐value (30) while the other substances had k_oc ‐values within the range 200–400. In some cases hexazinone showed great mobility under field conditions. The formula c=c_o‐kt^1/2 was used to describe the disappearance of the herbicides from the various soils. The rate of degradation of the four herbicides correlated well with the rate of respiration in the same soils in laboratory experiments, and for linuron reasonably well also in field experiments. In the field experiments the herbicides penetrated the top soil layer. In the subsoil the risk of further transport downward to the drainage system or ground water increased, especially for hexazinone. Linuron as well as the fungicides maneb and tolylfluanid suppressed the decomposition rate of hexazinone in laboratory experiments.     

竹大片刨花板对竹材生物学特性的适应性

以云南四种典型材用丛生竹（龙竹、甜龙竹、黄竹和油勒竹）宏观构造、组织结构、主要物理力学性质和化学组份等竹材主要生物学特性的研究分析结果为依据,提出了竹大片刨花板的结构、制板工艺和设备与原料竹材生物学特性之间应有的适应性关系。继而,通过实验室系列化试验和工厂试生产,确定了竹大片刨花板的应有性能和最佳工艺条件包括竹大片刨花的最佳质量指标及其最佳制备条件。     

浅议野生动物所有权

野生动物所有权是所有权的一种,它与其他所有权的区别在于客体的不同。文章阐述了野生动物的内涵,分析了野生动物的分类和野生动物与野生动物资源的区别。在明确野生动物含义的基础上,提出了野生动物所有权的概念,深入论述了野生动物所有权与野生动物资源所有权的差异和联系,并对野生动物所有权的主体、客体、内容进行了分析。     

Log sawing positioning optimization and log bucking of tropical hardwood species to increase the volume yield

The sawmill industry is a very important link in the Mozambique forest products value chain, but the industry is characterized by undeveloped processing technology and high-volume export of almost unrefined logs. The low volume yield of sawn timber has been identified as a critical gap in the technological development of the industry. To improve the profitability of the industry, there is thus a need to develop methods and techniques that improve the yield. In this paper, different positioning of logs prior to sawing and the possibility of increasing the volume yield of crooked logs by bucking the logs before sawing have been studied. A computer simulation was used to study the cant-sawing and through-and-through sawing of the logs to determine the volume yield of sawn timber from the jambirre (Millettia stuhlmannii Taub.) and umbila (Pterocarpus angolensis DC.) species. The optimal position, i.e. the position of the log before sawing that gives the highest volume yield of sawn timber for a given sawing pattern when the positioning parameters, offset, skew and rotation, are considered gave a considerable higher volume yield than the horns-down position. By bucking very crooked logs and using the horns-down positioning before sawing, the volume yield can be of the same magnitude as that obtained by optimal positioning on full-length (un-bucked) logs. The bucking reduces the crook of the logs and hence increases the volume yield of sawn timber.     

大兴安岭森林资源变化分析

阐述了人为破坏、过度采伐和自然森林火灾是引起大兴安岭森林资源变化的重要因子;通过对建国初到2002年大兴安岭森林资源在数量上和质量上的变化分析,得出了森林资源变化趋势。森林资源数量减少,且森林质量下降,大兴安岭的森林在经历着破碎化和年轻化的过程。     

Serological marking of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Pnigalio agraules</Emphasis> (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) for field dispersal studies

The parasitoid wasp Pnigalio agraules (Wlk.) is a key natural enemy of the horsechestnut leafminer Cameraria ohridella Deschka and Dimić (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae). As a basis for mark-release-recapture studies, aimed at investigating the dispersal of this parasitoid in the field, adults of P. agraules were marked using a vertebrate-specific immunoglobulin (IgG). The marker was later detected by double antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA). The IgG was either applied externally by spraying or internally by feeding an IgG-enriched diet. Different concentrations of the marker were used and the influence of abiotic (climatic conditions, time elapsed between marking and marker examination) and biotic factors (sex and age of the parasitoids) on the detection of the immunomarker was tested. External marking by spraying led to more homogeneous labelling than feeding the marker. Parasitoids labelled with 0.25 mg rabbit IgG per ten individuals contained enough immunomarker to be easily distinguished from unmarked ones. Neither the climatic conditions nor the sex or age of the insects had an influence on the detection of the marker. The IgG remained well detectable during the entire lifespan of the parasitoids, which was not negatively affected by the marking procedure. Serological marking can be used to investigate the dispersal behaviour of beneficial insects within mark-release-recapture studies.     

四川湿地资源现状及其保护措施研究

湿地在我国分布比较广泛,在整个亚洲居于首位,但由于自然因素和人类的不当活动,我国的湿地面积锐减严重,且环境不断恶化。针对此种情况,本文详细论述了四川省湿地资源现状,并深入分析了造成此种情况的原因,最后给出了相应的治理对策。     

An evaluation of the Acacia albida-based agroforestry practices in the Hararghe highlands of Eastern Ethiopia

Growing Acacia albida as a permanent tree crop, on farmlands with cereals, vegetables and coffee underneath or in between, is an indigenous agroforestry system in the Hararghe highlands of Eastern Ethiopia. However, there is practically no systematic record or data on the merits and benefits of this practice.The paper presents the results of an investigation into the effects of the presence of A. albida on farmlands on the yield of maize (Zea mays L.) and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench). Twenty seven plot pairs each consisting of one plot underneath the A. albida foliage cover and the other in the open, away from the tree-on farmers' fields, in a 40 km radius around the Alemaya College of Agriculture, were sampled and the yield components analyzed. A statistically significant increase in crops yields by 56% on average was found for the crops under the tree canopies compared to those away from the trees. This increase was caused by the improvement in 1000 grain weight and number of grains of plants under the tree, indicating that the trees enhanced the fertility status of the soil and improved its physical conditions in terms of crop growth.Additional benefits from the A. albida trees include supply of fuelwood and fodder. Quantitative estimates of these outputs as well as their monetary values are presented in the paper. However, in order to realize these benefits to a discernible extent, higher stand densities of the tree than at present are required.Based on an enquiry about the farmers attitude towards A. albida, the prospects for an extension of this promising agroforestry technique are discussed against the background of the state and trends of development of agriculture in the area. It is surmised that despite some shortcomings like the relatively slow and highly variable growth of A. albida and a conflict with the spreading cultivation of Ch'at (Catha edulis Forsk.), the prospects of extension of this technique are good. It is recommended that its propagation should be incorporated into the programmes of the extension agencies of the various governmental agencies concerned with land use.